1、届中考英语考点10 被动语态解析版2020届中考英语考点10 被动语态一、教材重点回顾：1、被动语态的含义英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，即: 主动语态和被动语态。所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被”“由”的句式，其主语是动作的承受者。如:“他的自行车被偷了。”，“这座楼房是由他们建造的。”2、被动语态的结构那么，英语中被动语态是怎么样构成的呢?请看下面的例句(注意划线部分): This is called “the greenhouse effect.”They are called renewable sources.通过上面的例句，可以看出，“被动语态”的构成是: be+及物
2、动词的过去分词+（by+动作执行者）3、被动语态的运用：下面几种情况一般要用被动语态(1)不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要。例如: Paper is made from wood. 纸是由木材生产出来的。He was wounded in the fight. 他在战斗在受伤了。 Electricity is used to run machines. 电是用来开动机器的。 (2) 不需要强调动作的对象时。例如:Calculator cant be used in the maths exam. 计算器不能用于数学考试。Books in the reading room mustn t be
3、taken away. 阅览室的书籍不准带走。(3) 句子的主语是物。Spanish is spoken as the official language there. 在那里西班牙语被当作官方语言来说。4、各种时态的被动语态：最主要是要掌握be动词的各种时态变化:1）、一般现在时的被动语态。 am/is/are +动词的过去分词One is known as the one-child policy. 其中一项被称为独生子女政策 Sea waves are used for producing electricity. 海浪用来发电。2）、一般过去式的被动语态: was/ were +动词的
4、过去分词Big family were crowded into small houses. 大家庭被挤一间小房子里。Electric vehicles were developed in the 1990s. 电动汽车是20世纪90年代被发展了。3）、现在进行时的被动语态: am /is/ are + being+动词的过去分词A new factory is being built in our city now. 现在我们市里一家新工厂正在被兴建。Some trees are being cut down in the park. 一些公园里的树木正在被砍伐。4）、过去进行时的被动语态:
5、 was/were+ being+动词的过去分词A new factory was being built in our city at that time. 那时候在我们市里一家新工厂正在被兴建。Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year. 去年，一些宝宝正在被陈小姐照看着。5）、一般将来时的被动语态:(A) will/shall + be +动词的过去分词(B) am/ is / are + going to be +动词的过去分词.Some new factories will be built in our ci
6、ty this year. 今年我们市里将要兴建一些新工厂。Your watch is going to be mended in an hour. 你的手表将在一小时内（被）修好。6）、过去将来时的被动语态:(1).would/ should + be+动词的过去分词(2).was/ wee +going to be +动词的过去分词.She said that some new factories would be built in our city. 她说在我们市里将要兴建一些新工厂。He thought that your watch was going to be mended af
7、ter an hour. 他认为你的手表将在一个小时内被修好。 7）、现在完成时的被动语态have /has + been+动词的过去分词Their materials have been changed so that it feels more comfortable.它们的材料已经被更换了，为了它摸起来更舒服。8）、过去完成时的被动语态had + been+动词的过去分词He said that some new factories had been built in the city. 他说在市里一些新工厂已经被兴建了。9）、含情态动词的被动式: can/may/must + be +
8、 doneA lot of water can be saved by forests. 大量的水可以被森林储存下来。主动语态变被动语态：1.从句子意义上说，就是重新找出“什么事物”作为句子的主语，来表示是“被完成”的。例1. 主动语态: 人们说英语。 People speak English in many countries.被动语态: 英语被说。 English is spoken in many countries.例2.主动语态: 我们造这座桥。We built this bridge last year.被动语态: 这座桥被建造。This bridge was built last
9、 year.2、从语法角度说，把原句的宾语改成主语。例1.主动语态: 小王邀请你(宾语) Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party.被动语态: 你(宾语)被邀请。 You has been invited to a lunch party by XiaoWang.例2.主动语态: 你不准带走杂志(宾语)You must not take these magazines out of the reading-room.被动语态: 杂志(宾语)不准被带走These magazines must not be taken out of the reading
10、-room.例3. (可接双宾语的动词如：give, send, show, buy等变被动语态可有二种变化形式）。主动语态: 他们授给他(宾语)枚奖章(宾语).They gave him a medal for his wonderful work.被动语态: 他(宾语)被授予一枚奖章.He was given a medal for his wonderful work.被动语态: 一枚奖章(宾语)被授给了他.A medal was given to him for his wonderful work.二、中考考点梳理1、被动语态的结构：be +及物动词的过去分词(p. p)被动语态的不
11、同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持致其具体变化为:一般现在时: am/is/ are+p. p.一般过去时: was/ were+p. p.一般将来时: shall / will be +p. p.现在完成时: have / has been +p. p.过去完成时: had been +p. p.现在进行时: am/is/ are +being+p. p.过去进行时: was/were +being+p. p.过去将来时: should / would be +p. p.含情态动词的被动结构:情态动词+be+p. p.2、初中教材中常用被动语态的表达有：1. be
12、 covered with 被覆盖2. be made of 由制作(发生物理变化)be made from 由制作(发生化学变化)be made in 由(某地)制造be made by 被(某人)制造3. be used for 被用来be used as 被当作(作为)来使用be used to do sth. 被用来做某事4. It is said that. 据说It is hoped that. 希望It is well known that. 众所周知Its reported that 据报道 Its not decided that 尚未决定Its believed that
13、据认为 Its announced that 据宣布3. 主动语态表被动的情况(1) open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, watch, cut, burn, drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动语态表被动意义。如:This kind of pen writes very smoothly. 这种钢笔写起来很流畅。(2) look, sound, taste, smell, fell 等系动词用主动结构表被动意义。如:Light music sounds soft. 轻音乐听起来很柔和。(3)be worth doing用主动形式表被动意
14、义。如:This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。(4) want/ need/ require + doing相当于want/ need/require+to be done。to be done为不定式的被动结构。My bike needs repairing. = My bike needs to be repaired. 我的自行车需要被修理。4.被动语态的几种特殊形式1). 一感(fee1) 二听(1isten, hear) 三让(make, 1et, have) 四看(look, see,watch, notice)以上动词做谓语动词时，在主动语态中与
15、省略to的不定时连用，而在被动语态中要与带to的不定时连用，即:主动语态to省略，被动语态to回来。 I often see him help the old. 我经常看到他帮助老人。He is often seen to help the old by me. 他经常被我看到帮助老人。2).双宾语变被动语态时，直接或间接宾语均可转化为主语，但直接宾语变主语时，间接宾语前常加上介词or或to。 Jack bought a gift for me. 杰克为我买了一份礼物。A gift was bought for by Jack. 或I was bought a gift by Jack.3).
16、一些动词短语用于被动语态时，要是为一个整体，不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。 We must finish the work carefully. 我们必须认真完成这项工作。The work must be finished carefully by us. 这项工作必须由我们认真完成。4).带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只变宾语为被动句主语，宾语补足语不变。 I asked her to go with me. 我叫她跟我一起去。She was asked to go with me. 她被我叫着一起去。5.不能用被动语态的情况1).谓语动词为不及物动词或不及物动词短语时，不用被动语态。如:
17、happen, take place, take off 等。2).有些及物动词或短语也无被动语态。如: cost, leave, enter, reach, have, wish, belong to, mind 等。3).宾语为反身代词、相互代词、不定式、现在分词等时，不能变为被动语态。4).系动词无被动语态。如: be, become, feel, get, look, seem, smell, sound, taste, turn等。1、典例分类1.（2019重庆A卷）His car _ five years ago, but it looks quite new. A. buys B
18、.bought C.is bought D.was bought 【答案】D 【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句子有个明显的一般过去时标志词ago, 故确定用一般过去时。根据题意，他的小车是被他买的。所以用被动语态。故答案是 was bought D。2.（2019四川自贡）-Tom is always careless with his schoolwork. Could you help him?-No problem! I think he to think twice before starting.A. should be told B. shouldnt be told C. s
19、hould tell【答案】A 【解析】考查情态动词的被动语态。根据题意应该是Tom他应该被告诉开始行动前要三思。所以得是should be told，答案是A。3.（2019山东临沂） Around the world, 300 million tons of plastic _each year, of which about 10 percent ends up in the sea.A. is created B. was created C. creates【答案】A 【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。该句中3亿吨塑料每年被制造出来了，主语是塑料，所以还得是用被动语态。故答案选A。4
20、.（2019四川达州）-Where will the 2022 Winter Olympics _ , Cindy? -In Beijing, the capital of China, the first city to host both Summer and Winter Olympics. A.be taken place B.take place C.take part D.be taken part 【答案】B 【解析】考查不用被动语态的特殊情况。当谓语动词为不及物动词或不及物动词短语时，不用被动语态。如: happen, take place, take off 等。所以答案选B
21、。5.（2019四川达州）-Dr. Bethune helped a lot of Chinese in the 1930s, he is a great international soldier. -I know, so he _ still _ in both China and Canada now. A. has; remembered B.is; remembered C.will; remember D.is ; remembering 【答案】B 【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。意思是白求恩现在还被中国和加拿大人们所纪念。故答案用B。6.（2019江西）Gina went t
22、o the doctors yesterday and she _ about the importance of good living habits once more. A.told B.is told C.was told D.has told 【答案】C 【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。Gina是昨天去看医生时被医生告知好的生活习惯的重要性。所以答案是C。7.（2019重庆B卷）These machines _ in their factory by themselves last year. A.make B.made C.are made D.were made 【答案】D 【
23、解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据题意：这些机器去年是在他们工厂里被制造的。be made in+地点，表示在哪里被制造。故答案选D。8.（2019江苏连云港）Its reported the medals for the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo _ from 100% recycled material.A. are making B. have made C. is made D. will be made【答案】D 【解析】考查一般将来时的被动语态。句子中的时间标志词是2020年，是一般将来时。而奖牌是被制作的。所以得用一般将来时的被动语态，will b
24、e made，故用答案D。另：be made from 用做的（看不出原料）。9.（2019安徽）The villagers expect that the building of the bridge _ before the rainy season comes. A. is completed B. was completed C. will be completed D. has been completed【答案】C 【解析】考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意是村民们希望在雨季之前修好桥，是一般将来时。所以用一般将来时的被动语态。故答案用C。10.（2019四川南充） -Lucy, wh
25、at have you learnt from this history class?-Paper _fast _about 2,000 years ago in China.A. is; invented B. was; invented C. is; inventing D. was; inventing【答案】B 【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句子有明显的一般过去时标志词2,000 years ago, 故确定用一般过去时。纸张是被发明出来的，所以用被动语态。故答案为B。11.（2019天津）The Hong KongZhuhaiMacao Bridge in 2018. We ar
26、e proud of it. A. is completed B. is completing C. was completed D. completes【答案】C 【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句子中的时间标志词是2018年，是一般过去时。而港珠澳大桥是被修建的。所以得用一般过去时的被动语态，故用答案C。12.（2019江苏南京）The China International Search and Rescue Team has brought help and hope to people in disasters around the world since it 18 years
27、ago.A. set up B.is set up C. was set up D. will be set up【答案】C 【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句子中的时间标志词是18 years ago，是一般过去时。中国国际救援队是18年前被创建的，所以得用一般过去时的被动语态，故用答案C。二、易混易错点拨1.（2019江苏扬州）The 2021 International Horticultural Expo _ in Yangzhou. A. holds B. will hold C. is held D. will be held【答案】D 【解析】考查一般将来时的被动语态。2021
28、年是一般将来时，园艺博览会将在2021年被举办。所以用一般将来时的被动语态。很多人会用习惯性思维直接选B. will hold，这是思虑不周全的结果。所以答案选 D。2.（2019四川成都）Unluckily, Notre Dame de Pairs（巴黎圣母院）_ this April. We felt so sad for that. A.was burnt B.is burnt C.has been burnt 【答案】D 【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。巴黎圣母院今年四月被烧了，明显是一般过去时的被动语态，故答案选D。有些人会觉得this April是一般现在时，从而错误地选了B。3
29、.（2019江苏盐城）In Chinese culture , children born in the Year of the Monkey _ to be smart. A.say B.said C.will be said D.are said【答案】D 【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。题意为在中国的文化里，猴年出生的孩子被说是聪明的。用被动语态的情况是显而易见的。故答案用D。4.（2019甘肃敦煌）.AbabysfirstmonthbirthdayisaspecialeventinChina and_withaspecial party.A.celebrates B.iscelebr
30、ated C.wascelebrated D.willcelebrate【答案】B 【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。首先宝宝的满月生日是被庆祝的。而and前后的be动词形式要一致， 前面是is a special event，所以后面也用is celebrated。所以答案选B。5.（2019广东）It is said that one Greater Bay Area university _ in Guangdong in the future. A.will be built B. build C. will build D. is built【答案】A 【解析】考查一般将来时的被动语态。句子有明确的将来时in the future, 大学又是被举办的，所以用will be built。有些人在粗心地选答案 C.will build。6.（2019湖北襄阳)- I enjoy walking on the clean streets in the morning. -You know they _ by the hard-working cleaners every day. A. clean B. are cleaned C. are cleaning D. will clean【答案】B 【
