1、隧洞施工安全手册中英文对照15p一、一般规定：1.1安全教育交底制度Safety Training and Disclosure System针对洞内作业特点，施工前要对从事管理和生产的施工人员进行全面的安全教育，重点针对现场人员、班组长和从事特殊作业的操作人员和新职工。Based on the characteristics of works inside tunnel, all managers and workers, especially site personnel, team leaders, the operators in special operations and new
2、workers shall be trained comprehensively in safety before construction.隧洞开挖开始以前，召开一次安全会议，对员工进行隧洞施工安全知识和具体危害的教育，这对以前有没有隧洞或较少经验的工人尤为重要。Before the excavation of the tunnel, one safety conference shall be held so that safety education on the knowledge of tunnel construction safety and detailed hazard sh
3、all be carried out among construction personnel. This is very important, especially for the workers without or with little experience in the tunnel construction.隧洞开挖过程中，每一个工序施工前，必须逐级向作业人员进行安全技术交底，交底人和被交底人应在交底书上签字，同时并定员检查、跟踪隧洞施工，及时反馈信息。During the tunnel excavation, the clarification on safety and tec
4、hnology shall be made on all levels of staff before each working procedure starts. The technical informer and the technical informee shall sign on the clarification book, which shall be checked by the assigned worker for tracking the tunnel construction and feeding back the information.1.2安全出入洞制度Goi
5、ng In & Out of Tunnel Safety System未经允许，非施工人员不得入内。The non-construction personnel shall be not permitted to enter into the tunnel.在洞口增设红绿警示灯，绿灯时表示正常工作状态，可进入；红灯时表示非正常状态或紧急处理状态，不可进入。The red & green caution light shall be installed at the tunnel portal. The green caution light means the normal work cond
6、ition, so the construction personnel can go into the tunnel; The red caution light means the abnormal works condition or the emergency, so the constuction personnel can not go into the tunnel.施工进洞人员实行翻牌制：在洞口挂一块板，每个进洞的工人将其名字下的“out”一面翻过去，改成“in”的一面。出来是再反过来改成“out”的一面。The card-turnning system shall be ob
7、served by the construction personnels. One board with the name of all the construction personnels shall be set up in the tunnel portal, when the construction personnel goes into the tunnel, he or she shall turn his card “Out” into “In” on the board, and when he goes out of the tunnel, he shall turn
8、his card “In” into “Out”. 检查及其它人员实现进洞黑板制：一旦进洞，进洞人员将名字写上黑板，出洞则擦掉名字。The blackboard-writing system shall be carred out among the inspection personnels and others: once they go into the tunnel, they shall write down their names on the blackboard, and wipe their name from the blackboard when they get out
9、 of the tunnel.1.3安全检查制度Safety Inspection System每天作业前，现场工程师应组织召开 班前会，班前会的内容应包括主要的安全隐患防治。Before construction every day, the site engineer shall hold the pre-construction meeting, which shall deal with the major hidden safety dangers.每天作业前，作业组长或工长每天应对作业面进行检查，排查隐患，现场工程师确认安全可靠后方可开始施工作业。Before constructi
10、on every day, the team leader or the foreman shall check and remove the hidden dangers on the work face, and the construction shall be not carried out until the site engineers have confirmed the safety.每天安全工程师进行定时和不定时安全巡检，每月项目部组织部门领导进行安全联合大检查。The site engineers shall carry out regular and irregular
11、safery check every day, and the managers of each department shall carry out the general safety check every month.对业主、工程师及外来各级安全检查中发现的问题提出整改通知，以整改指令的形式发放到相关部门，随后安全工程师对整改通知中的问题进行检查以确认各个问题得到确实的改正。The rectification & improvement notice shall be posted for the problems found through the inspection by the
12、 employer, the engineer and all levels of authority. The notice shall be sent to the relevant departments. And then the safety engineer shall check and confirm whether these problems have been rectified or not.1.4安全交接班制度Safety Shift Relieve System在每次换班开始时，应由班长检查已经开挖的整个隧洞有无已经安装支护的变形标志。在起拱线以上未喷浆的顶拱区域应
13、用标记钢筋通过探通术来测试，至少一周一次。Before every work shift starts, the team leader shall check whether the whole tunnel has the deformation sign of the installed support. The crown area without shotcreting above the springing line shall be tested with the marked steel by probing at least one time one week.隧洞作业各班组
14、间，应建立完善的交接班制度，并将施工、安全等情况记载于交接班的记录薄内，认真作好班前观察、班中检查、班后总结工作；发现异常情况应立即撤离，在恢复正常后方可继续施工；工地值班负责人应认真检查交接班情况。Between the shift of the workteam in the tunnel, a consummate shift relieve system shall be set up and the situations related with the construction, safety, etc shall be recorded in the record book of
15、 shift relieve. The observance before the shift, check during the work and conclution after the work shall be carried seriously. If any abnormal situations are found, the people shall be evacuated at once, and continue the work only after it becomes normal. The on-duty site chief shall check the shi
16、ft relieve seriously.1.5 PPE佩戴制度Wearing System个人防护设备：除了地面施工所需的防护设备外，所有地下施工的人员必须佩戴相应的安全防护设备如佩戴安全帽、穿反光背心及佩带手电筒等。有些特殊工种可以要求另外的个人防护用品，如手套、口罩和护目镜等。钢包头防护鞋、洞内反光背心，施工时人人必须配备。Personal protective equipments(PPE): apart from the protective equipments required for ground construction, all the underground constr
17、uction personnels shall wear the relevant PPE, such as safety helmet, reflective vest and torch. Some special construction personnels can require for some other PPE, such as glove, mouth mask, safety goggles, etc. The steel toe shielding shoe, reflective vest must be worn by the construction personn
18、els during the construction.1.6 不良地质处理制度Poor Geological Condition Treatment System遇有不良地质地段施工时，应按照先治水、短开挖、弱爆破、先护顶、强支护的原则稳步前进。In case that undesirable geological structure is encounterred during the construction, the excavation will be subject to the principle of “first water regulation, short headway
19、, weak blasting, first capping, strong supporting” so as to ensure the construction proceeds on steadily.二、洞口施工：Tunnel Portal Construction1. 边坡以上的山坡松动危石应在开工前清除；施工中应经常检查，特别是在暴雨之后，发现松动危石必须立即清除。1. The loose dangerous rock above the side slope shall be removed before the construction. Regular check shal
20、l be carried out during the construction, especially after the storm, so that the loose dangerous rock can be removed immediately.2. 进洞前应作好洞口工程，稳定好洞口的边坡，作好天沟、边沟等排水设施，确保地表水不致危及隧道的施工安全。2. The portal works shall be carried out before entering into the tunnel, such as stabilizing the side slope at the p
21、ortal, excavating the drainage facility like catch ditch and side drain, so as to prevent the surface water from endangering the construction safety.3. 洞口的边坡应自上而下开挖，一次将土石方工程做完，开挖人员不得上下重叠作业。洞口开挖坚持边开挖，边防护的原则，二次开挖完成后，及时按照设计进行边坡坡面防护，以保持坡面稳定性和整体性。3. The side slope of the tunnel portal shall be excavated
22、from top down and the earth-rock works shall be finished in one time. The excavation personnels shall not perform the top-bottom overlap excavation. The portal excavation shall be subject to the principal of “ excavation and protection at the same time”. After the secondary excavation finishes, the
23、side slope surface protection shall be carried out in time so as to keep the stability and integrity of the slope surface.4. 在大雾天、黄昏和夜晚，禁止爆破洞口土石方。4. In the foggy days, dust and evening, it is forbidden to perform the blasting for earth-rock excavation in the tunnel portal.三、开挖施工：Excavation Construct
24、ion1. 隧洞开挖应严格按照爆破设计组织实施，实施前先试爆，并根据地质情况及时修正其参数。2. 开挖应根据已开挖洞段揭示的地质情况及地质预报进行前方围岩类别的预测，从而确定开挖断面尺寸及初期支护的型式。地质条件较差时，可进行超前探孔施工，以了解前方地质及地下水情况，可采取超前灌浆等措施，爆破后及时进行支护。1、The tunnel excavation shall be strictly complied with the blasting design organization. The trial blasting shall be performed before carrying o
25、ut the blasting design organization, and timely amend the parameters in accordance with geological conditions.2、The front rock type forcast shall be conducted for excavation based on the geological conditions and precast showed from the previously excavated cross section, so as to confirm the excava
26、ted cross section size and the previous support type. When the geolocgical conditions are poor, the advance exploration hole construction shall be carried out so as to know the front geology and underground water conditions. The measures like advance grouting shall be adopted and the support shall b
27、e carried out timely after blasting.3. 钻孔前，应检查工作环境的安全状态，应待开挖面清除浮石以及瞎炮处理完毕后方可进行作业。风钻钻孔作业前，应先检查机身、螺栓、卡套、弹簧和支架是否正常完好；管子接头是否牢固，有无漏风；钻杆有无不直、带伤以及供水是否正常等现象；不合要求者应予修理或更换。作业时，必须将支架安置稳妥；风钻卡钻时，应用板钳松动拔出，不可敲打，未关风前不得拆除钻杆。凿岩机在碴堆上钻眼时，应保持碴堆的稳定。3、Before drilling holes, check the safety of the work environment. The wo
28、rk can start only after the pumice in the to-be-excavated surface and the misfire are removed. Before the hand drill is adopted to drill, it shall check whether the body, screw, socket, spring and support are in good conditions or not; whether the pipe joint are connected securely and have air leaka
29、ge or not; the drill rod is straight, damaged or not, and the water supply is normal or not. The unqualified shall be repaired or changed. During the construction, the support shall be placed steadly; the wrench shall be used for loose extraction instead of knocking out. It is prohibited to dismanta
30、l the hand drill when the air supply has not stopped.When the hammer drill is drilling hole in the muck, it shall guarantee the stability of the muck.4. 爆破作业和爆破器材加工人员，严禁穿着化纤衣物。装药时严禁烟火和采用明火照明，为防止点炮时发生照明中断，爆破工应随身携带手电筒。装药前应检查爆破工作面附近的支护是否牢固；炮眼内的泥浆、石粉应吹洗干净；刚打好的炮孔热度过高，不得立即装药。4、The personnel for blasting a
31、nd processing blasting equipments are forbidden to wear the fiber clothes. Smoking and lighting fires are strictly forbidden when the explosives are loaded. In order to prevent the electricity cutoff, the blaster shall carry the torch with himeself.Before loading explosives, the support near the bla
32、sting face shall be checked whether it is secure or not. The grount and stone dust shall be cleaned. Because the temperature of the just-drilled hole is too high, it is forbidden to load the explosives immediately.装炮时应使用木质炮棍装药，严禁火种；无关人员与机具等均应撤至安全地点。爆破采用由塑料导爆管并联及串联成爆破网络；起爆时采取电子激发器在爆破安全距离以外进行起爆。电起爆时主导线宜悬空架设，据各种导电体的间距必须大于1米。Wooden tamping rod shall be used for charging, and lighting fire is prohibited. The unrelated personnels and equipments shall be evacuated to the safe area. The blasting network shall be formed by the parallel connection and series connection of t
