1、高考一轮人教版英语 第2部分 专题3 代词和介词专题三代词和介词考点一代词一、人称代词数、格人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheherititHe would drown his sadness in coffee.他会借咖啡来浇愁。Thank you for your letter.谢谢你的来信。I bought a present for him.我给他买了件礼物。二、物主代词词义类别我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyour
2、shishersitsoursyourstheirsIs this your seat，sir?这是你的座位吗，先生？The government has changed its policy.政府已经改变了政策。This is not my dictionary.Mine is lent to Lucy.这不是我的字典，我的借给露西了。This camera is mine and that is yours.这部照相机是我的，那部是你的。Every person showed his ticket，and I showed mine too.每个人都出示了票，我也出示了我的。三、反身代词人
3、称数 第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself，herself，itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves反身代词的基本用法四、不定代词1both，all，either，any，neither，none的区别词义指代都任何一个都不两个人或物botheitherneither三个或三个以上的人或物；不可数名词allanynone(2016四川高考)Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries.在工业化国家，现在男性和女性都会活得更
4、长。2one，another，the other，some，others，the others的区别单数one一个another另外一个the other另一个复数some一些others一些the others其余I have two books；one is English，and is French.我有两本书；一本是英语书，一本是法语书。There are many books on the table：some are English；the others are French.桌子上有很多书：一些是英语书，剩下的是法语书。3none，nobody/no one，nothing的区别
5、none指代人或物用来回答How many/ How much.？相当于not a/an/any名词或no名词Nobody (no one)指代人用来回答Who.？相当于not anyone；not anybodynothing指代物用来回答What.？相当于not anythingHow much money do you have?None.你有多少钱？一点也没有。If I had some money，I would lend him some，but unfortunately，I have none.(nonenot any money)如果我有钱的话，我就借给他了，但遗憾的是，我没
6、钱。I wished someone could help me，but there was no one at the moment.(no onenot anyone)我希望当时有人能帮我，但当时没有人。4many，much，few，little，a few，a little的区别词义指代多少复数名词manyfew不可数名词muchlittle词义指代(有)一些几乎没有复数名词a fewfew不可数名词a littlelittle注意：only a fewfew；only a littlelittle；quite a fewmany；quite a littlemuch。(2016浙江高考
7、)A scientist working at her lab bench and a sixmonthold baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common.一位在她的实验台工作的科学家和一个六个月大的玩弄食物的孩子似乎没有共同之处。5one，ones，the one，the ones，that，those的区别one替代a/an单数名词ones替代零冠词复数名词the one替代the单数名词the ones替代the复数名词that替代the单数名词或不可数名词(尤其是有后置定语时)those替代the复数名词
8、(尤其是有后置定语时)We have various summer camps for your holidays.You can choose one (a summer camp)based on your own interests.我们为您的假期提供了各种各样的夏令营，您可以根据自己的兴趣选择一种。(one代替“a/an单数名词”)考点二介词一、介词1表示方位的at，in，on，to，beside/by和near介词用法at一般指在较小的地方in一般指在较大的地方，或在某一范围内on一般指在物体的表面，或相邻并接壤的两个地域to表示某范围外不接壤的两位置beside/by“在的旁边”n
9、ear“接近；靠近”I met him at the shop.Shandong Province lies in the east of China.The picture is hanging on the wall.Jiangsu Province is to the southeast of Hebei Province.She was standing beside her mother.There is a supermarket near my home.2表示方位的between 和among介词用法between在两者或每两者之间among在三者或三者以上之间I sat do
10、wn between Sue and Jane.The teacher was standing among the students.3表示方位的across，through，over和past介词用法across从的表面穿过through从的内部穿过over从的上面跨过past从的旁边经过He walked across the square to meet us.The thief jumped over the fence and fled away.4表示时间点的at，in和on介词用法示例at表示在某个时间点、时刻或重大节日at 9：00；at noon；at daybreak；a
11、t Christmasin表示在某个较长的时间内，如世纪、朝代或年月；泛指的上午、下午、傍晚in the 21st century；in September；in the morningon表示在具体某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上on 2nd，September；on the morning of 1st，May5.表示时间段的for和 since介词用法for“for时间段”意为“多长时间”，表示动作持续的时间长短，一般作完成时、过去时或将来时的时间状语since“since时间点”意为“自从(过去某时)以来”，作完成时的时间状语He has lived in the small vi
12、llage for five years.He has worked in this company since graduation.6表示交通方式的by，in和on介词用法by“by名词”表示交通方式时，名词前不加冠词in/onin/on后的名词必须有冠词或代词等修饰My brother usually goes to school by bike.My father often goes to work in his car/on his bicycle.7表示“用”的by，in和with介词用法by指“靠手段，用方法，凭借”，后可接名词、代词或动名词in多用于表示语言、材料的名词前wi
13、th多用于表示有形的工具或身体器官的名词前He made a living by selling newspapers when he was young.All the applicants are required to fill in the form in ink.They are busy digging with spades.8表示“除外”的except，except for 和besides介词用法except表示“除之外(其他的都)”，其后的宾语是被排除在外的，侧重同类事物的排除except for其后被排除的内容与主语往往不是同一类的besides表示“除之外(其他的也)”
14、，其后的宾语是被包括在内的All my friends took part in the party except John.His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.He has learned German，French besides English.9其他常考介词的用法(1)against的用法(表示态度)反对An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it.(表示对比
15、)以为背景The skiers red clothes stood out clearly against the snow.(表示方位)倚靠着The girl was leaning against the wall with her arms folded.(2)beyond的用法(表示位置)在另一边，在更远处The small village is 20 miles beyond the town.(表示时间)晚于He delayed the matter beyond the fixed time.(表示程度)超出，非所能及To be acknowledged as the first
16、 to receive this honor is beyond expression in words for me.(3)over的用法(表示方位)越过The airplane flew over the mountains and disappeared in the distance.(表示等级或数目)高于，在之上，超过He has got the job because he has the advantage over others of knowing many languages.(表示时间或过程)在期间Im sorry I didnt phone you，but Ive be
17、en very busy over the past couple of weeks.(4)to的用法(表示方向、距离)到，向，去It was on the way to the railway station.(表示时间)直到为止，到He wakes at a quarter to six every morning.(表示比较、比例、参照)与相比，相对于而言I prefer oranges to apples.(表示对象关系)属于，对，给The hospital is attached to the university.达到(某一点或某个限度)Temperatures dropped t
18、o 25 degrees below zero.(5)under的用法在下面，在之下She placed the ladder under the window.在过程中The possibility of employing more staff is still under discussion.(数字、数量、年龄或价格)低于，少于，在以下These toys are not suitable for children under five.受影响Shes been under a lot of pressure at work.(6)with的用法和一起，和，同，跟Would you l
19、ike to go shopping with me?(表示同时或同一方向)随着With time going by，the little tree has grown up.具有，带有The dictionary is what I want，but I dont have enough money with me.由于，因为He trembled with fear.(表示方式)用He cut it with a knife.二、介词短语介词的固定搭配考查有两种：一是考查固定搭配中的介词；二是考查介词短语。(2016四川高考)The common cold is a good exampl
20、e：women，on average，get fewer colds than men.普通感冒就是一个很好的例子：平均来说，女士比男士更少感冒。常考介词短语1介词与名词的常用搭配(1)atn.表示状态at a loss不知所措 at breakfast早餐时at peace处于和平中 at rest静止，不动at sea在海上，在航海 at war在战争中(2)atn.表示时间at Christmas在圣诞节 at dusk在黄昏at dawn在黎明 at daybreak在拂晓at midnight在午夜 at night在夜里at noon在正午 at present目前(3)以at开头
21、组成的短语at the beginning of 在的开始at the cost of 以的代价at the end of 在的尽头at the foot of 在脚下(4)onn.表示状态on line在工作(或运行) on sale出售，打折on show在展出 on the decrease在减少on the go在忙碌中 on the increase在增加on the way在途中 on trial在受审(5)以on开头的介词短语on account of因为 on behalf of代表on condition that 在的条件下，如果on no account/conditio
22、n/occasion 决不on the basis of 以为基础on the occasion of 在时(6)byn.表示方式by accident偶然 by air/plane乘飞机by chance偶然 by coincidence碰巧by force用暴力 by hand用手工by mistake错误地 by the day按天算by nature天生地 by radio通过收音机(7)inn.表示方式in cash用现金付款 in width在宽度上in depth在深度上 in detail详细地in English用英语 in height在海拔上in length在长度上 i
23、n ink用墨水in shape在外形上 in size在大小上(8)inn.表示状态in anger生气地 in battle在战斗中in bed在床上 in comfort舒适地in danger处于危险中 in debt负债in delight高兴地 in despair绝望in need需要 in order按次序的；井然有序in peace平静地，平安地 in practice在实践中in print已出版 in prison在狱中in public公开地 in rags穿着破烂in ruins成为废墟 in secret秘密地(9)以in开头构成的介词短语in the face o
24、f面对 in addition to另外in need of需要 in no case决不in no time立刻 in no way决不in respect of关于 in response to作为回应in return作为回报 in spite of尽管(10)ofn.表示特征(等于相应的形容词)of benefit有益处的 of help有帮助的of importance重要的 of interest有趣的of significance有意义的 of use有用的(11)out ofn.表示状态out of danger脱离危险 out of date过期out of debt不欠债
25、out of fashion不流行out of luck不走运 out of mind发狂out of office在野 out of order出故障out of patience不耐烦 out of season过季out of shape走样，不成形 out of sight看不到out of trouble摆脱困难 out of work失业(12)undern.表示被动under attack 遭到袭击under discussion 在讨论中under pressure 在压力下under repair 在修理中under treatment 在治疗中under way 在进行中(
26、13)以under开头的短语under the care of. 在 的看护下under the command of. 在的统帅之下under the control of. 在控制下under the direction of. 在指导下(14)withn.表示情绪with anger生气地 with confidence有信心地with courage英勇地 with delight/joy高兴地with difficulty困难地 with fear害怕地with interest有兴趣地 with pleasure乐意地with pride骄傲地 with satisfaction满
27、意地(15)beyondn.表示“超出，难以”beyond compare 无与伦比beyond comprehension 难以理解beyond control 失控beyond description 难以描述beyond doubt 不用怀疑，确实beyond expression 难以表达beyond measure 非常；极其2形容词与介词的常用搭配(1)adj.aboutbe anxious about 忧虑be careful about 小心be concerned about 担心be curious about 对好奇be excited about 对感到兴奋(2)adj
28、.atbe angry at 恼怒于be astonished at 对吃惊be bad at 不擅长be delighted at 因而高兴(3)adj.inbe absorbed in 专注于be active in 积极于be confident in 对有信心be diligent in 勤于be dressed in 穿着be engaged in 忙于be excellent in 在方面优秀be experienced in 在方面有经验(4)adj.forbe anxious for 急切盼望，渴望be eager for 渴望be famous for 以著名be fit for 适合，胜任be good for 对有益(5)adj.frombe absent from 缺席be different from 不同于be far from 远离be free from 不 受影响be safe from 免受的伤害(6)adj.tobe blind to 对是盲目的be close to 接近be contrary to 与相反be deaf to 不愿意听be devoted to 致力于be equal to 等于be fair to 对公平be familiar to 被所熟悉be friendly t
