1、中考英语总复习二轮强化学案初三英语总复习学案 名词【考点】 1、名词的单复数；2、名词所有格；3、名词的修饰语；4、易用错的名词【重点知识讲解】一、名词的数：可数名词与不可数名词 1、可数名词是指那些能够用数来计量的名词，如：dog, bus, boy ,piece等；反之则为不可数名词，如；water, milk, coffee, information等。 2、可数名词的复数形式： 1）规则变化（请同学们自己复习并巩固） 2）应注意的问题： a、以元音字母加 y结尾的，直接加-s;如：day, boy, play 等； b、以o结尾的，加-es, 如：hero, patato, tomat
2、o, 但zoo, radio, photo等则要在词尾加-s。. c、不规则变化（希望同学们能从中找出规律来，你试试，你肯定能！） man-men woman-women child-children foot-feet goose-geese tooth-teeth fish-fish sheep-sheep deer-deer Chinese-Chinese mouse-mice penny-pence d、有些名词只有复数形式。如；clothes, trousers, glasses, thanks, pants 等 e、有些复合名词变成复数时，只将复合名词的主体名词变为复数，如： bo
3、y student-boy students banana tree -banana trees bus driver -bus drivers 等。但，由man 和woman构成的合成名词，变复数时要将名词及 man 或woman 都变成复数。如： man teacher-men teacher woman doctor -women doctor f、名词+man (woman)构成的复合名词其复数形式通常与简单名词一样，即把man(woman)改成men(women)， 如：Englishman-Englishmen policewoman-policewomen 但：German-Ge
4、rmans g、有些名词形似复数，实际作单数用。如：maths, physics, politics等。 h、有些名词形式上是单数形式，但意义上是复数。如：people, police等。 i、关于国人变复数有记忆口诀：中日不变英法变，其余 s 加后面。二、名词的所有格： （一）名词所有格是名词的一种形式，它是通过名词词尾的变化形式来表示名词的所有关系，名词的所有格分为有生命名词的所有格和无生命名词的所有格。有生命的名词所有格的规则变化如下：（1）单词名词的加s， 如Anns teacher, an hours work， the girls excuse（2）以s/es结尾的复数名词所有格只
5、加，如the students books （3）不以s/es结尾的复数名词所有格加s, 如the womens room, Childrens Day（4）表示两人共有时，只在后一个名词后加s,如：Lucy and Lilys mother, （5）当两人不共有某人或某物时，两个名词都要使用所有格形式，后边所修饰的名词用复数形式，如 Toms and Lilys mothers (6)独立所有格，即以“s”所有格修饰的名词可以省略。所有格所修饰的名词在上下文中出现过，或表示某人的家或住宅，或表示教堂、学校等公共场所或表示公司、店铺等。如：at the doctors at the groce
6、rs (7)在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用s。如：a twenty minutes walk ten miles journey todays paper Chinas population (二) of 所有格 如果是无生命的，在表示所有关系时，就要用“名词+of +名词”这样的所有格来表示。如：the photo of my family the name of your school（三）双重所有格： 当名词前有两层所有格时，多使用双重所有格，结构是：把一个名词所有格放到of 短语里，这种结构用来突出局部，表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”的意思。 eg.
7、 This is a picture of my friends 这是我朋友的一张照片(指很多照片中一张) I know some friends of my brothers .我认识我哥哥的一些朋友(朋友中的一部分) 注：a photo of me 我的一张照片（我的像） a photo of mine 我的一张照片（照片属于我，但不是我的像）三、名词的修饰语 1、可数名词的修饰语有：数词、不定冠词、(a) few、several、a great number of 、 many、dozens of 、hundreds of 等。 2、不可数名词的修饰语：much,(a) little,a
8、 bit of 、a bottle of 、a kilo of 等。 3、可数名词与不可数名词的共同修饰语：some、any、a lot of 、lots of、plenty of 等。四、易用错的名词：exercise,work , job, fun, news, advice, informantion, experience, orange, life, voice, sound, noise等。【针对性练习】 ? ) 1.Look,Those three _are talking with the three _. A.Englishmen,Germen B.Englishmans ,
9、Germans C.Englishmen, Germans D.Englishmans ,Germen ? ) 2.Whats in the _?There are some _and _in them. A.photos,potatos,radios B.photos, potatoes, radios C.photoes, potatos, radios D.photos, potatoes, radioes? ) 3.There are _on the table. Would you like to drink some? A.two milk B.two bottles of mil
10、k C.two bottle of milk D.two bottles of milks? ) 4.There are about twenty _in the room.They are having a party there. A.people B.sheep C.worker D.farmer? ) 5._mothers couldnt go to the meeting.Because theyve gone to?S. A.Li Lei and Lucys B.Li Leis and Lucys C.Li Lei and Lucy D.Li Leis and Lucy? ) 6.
11、 It is over _from Shi Jiazhuang to Beijing. A.three hours drive B.three hours drive C.three hours drives D.three hours drive? ) 7.Please keep quiet. If you make a lot of _,you may disturb others. A.voice B.noise C.sound D.singing? ) 8.Ive read _sports news about the F1 race today. A. two B.pieces C.
12、two pieces D.two pieces of ? ) 9.Mrs Jenny gave us _on how to learn English well . A.some advices B.many advices C.some advice D.an advice? ) 10.It will be National Day in a few _. A.months time B.months time C.months time D.month time? ) 11. Time is up.Now please hand in your test _,boys and girls.
13、 A.paper B.papers C.piece of paper D.pieces of paper? ) 12.This is _that all of us believe its very important. A.such useful information B.so useful an information C.so useful information D.such a useful information? ) 13. Can I help you? Id like _for my twin daughters. A.two pair of shoes B.two pai
14、rs of shoe C.two pair of shoe D.two pairs of shoes? ) 14.Jennys shoes were worn out.She wanted to buy a new _. A.shoe B.shoes C.one D.pair? ) 15.-Whose dictionaries are these? - They are the _. A. twins B. twin C. twins D. twins? ) 16.Miss Smith is a friend of _. A.Marys mothers B.Marys mother C.mot
15、hers of Mary D.Mary mothers? ) 17.Ten years has passed. I found my parents had _. A.much white hair B.some white hair C.a little white hairs D.a few white hair? ) 18.It is a _to shake hands with a friend when people meet for the first time in many countries. A.habit B.custom C.practice D.idea? ) 19.
16、 Two _students in our school will go to the beach for the vacation. A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundred of D.hundreds of ( ) 20.Wu peng won the girls _race in the school _meeting last week. A.100 meters ,sport B.100-meters, sports C.100 meter, sport D.100-meter, sports( ) 21.There are only five _in my ho
17、spital. A.man doctor B.men doctors C.men doctor D.man doctors( ) 22. _is made of _. A.A glass ,glass B.Glasses ,glasses C.Glass,glasses D.A glass,glasses( ) 23.A group of _have been caught by the police . A.thief B.thiefs C.thiefes D.thieves( ) 24.Is this dictionary sent by _? A.a friend of your bro
18、ther B.a friend of your brothers C.your brother friend D.your brother friends( ) ?5._are sitting at the table. A.Turners B.Turners C.The turners D.turners( ) 26. How much _ would you like to buy? A. apples B. bread C. books D. sheep( ) 27. What _ weather it was yesterday! A. bad B. a bad C. an bad D
19、. the bad( ) 28. Students shouldnt be always busy doing their _in the classroom. They should do more _ on the playground A.exercise; exercise B. exercise;exercises C. exercises; exercise D. exercises;exercises( ) 29. Lindas Chinese is better than _ in her class. A. anyones else B. anyone elses C. an
20、yone else D. anyones elses( ) 30. Last night,there was a fool accident.Ten _were ill,but no _ were lost. A. child;lives B. children;life C. children;lives D.child;life( ) 31.Children should make _ for ole people in a bus. A. room B. a room C. rooms D. the room( ) 32.-Hows Joys skirt? -Her skirt si m
21、ore beautiful than _. A. her sisters and Kate B. her sister and Kate C. her sister and kates D. her sisters and kates( ) 33. The restaurant is so popular here.Look ,there are so many _here. A. food B. dish C. people D. waiter( ) 34. -Excuse me,could you tell me where the nearest post office is ? -Th
22、e nearest post office ? You will have to walk_. A. 500-metre away B. 500 metre far C. 500 metres further D. 500-metre-far away( ) 35. There are three_assistants in that shop. A. women shoe B. woman shoe C. woman shoes D. women shoes初三英语总复习学案 （2） 代词()【考点聚焦】 代词是用来代替名词或名词短语的词，中考中要求重点掌握人称代词，物主代词，指示代词，反身
23、代词和不定代词五种。【重点知识讲解】 一、人称代词、物主代词、反身代词的列表如下(你要下功夫记忆、区分)： 一般来讲，主格代词在句作主语，宾格代词在句中作动词或介词的宾语；形容词性物主代词放在名词或代词前作定语，名词性物主代词可以作主语、宾语、表语，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。 【注1】人称代词 it 的用法：(1)指代天气、时间、距离等，如：Is it far from here? Its late,lets go quickly. Its much colder than it was yesterday. (2)用作形式主语，常见于 Its +adj.+(of / for sb.)
24、to do sth; It takes sb. time to do sth 等句型中，如：It s wrong to laugh at others in class. It took us half an hour to finish our work last night.(3)用作形式宾语，常见于think, find , make 等动词之后，用来代替不定式或从句。如：I find it really hard to learn English well.(4)用于某些重要句型中，如； It seems that Its time to / for / that Its one s
25、turn to do Its +adj.+taht(5)指代心目中不太清楚的那个人或child, baby 等性别不太清楚的名词。如： -Who is it ? -Its me. Is it your brother? -No,Its me.(6)代替上文出现的某件东西或提到的某件事情，具有特指的性质，如： ? Ive lost my pen,and I cant find it . His wife is seriously ill,but he knows nothing about it . 【注2】 反身代词(1)不能单独作主语，主要用来作宾语、同位语。一般放在被其所指的名词或代词后。
26、如果不易产生意义上的误解，有时也常可将其放在句末。(2)在句中起强调作用，如：He himself is a doctor. He says that he will do it himself.(3)当表达“某人自己的”时，不用反身代词作定语，而用ones own作定语。如；This is my own room.这是我自己的房间。(4)反身代词可作动词的宾语，如：hurt, teach, dress, enjoy, help, buy, look after, 等。如：The boy cant dress himself.(5)反身代词可放在介词by, for, to 等之后，表示“某人独
27、自”。【注3】多个人称代词排列顺序：如有几个不同的人称代词同时作主语，并用and , or 连接时，习惯上顺序是：单数：you, he and I；复数：we,you and they.但如果是承认错误、承担责任时，第一人称放前。如：I and she made the mistake.二、指示代词：英语中指示代词主要有：this ,that ,these,those。当指近处的人或物时，常用this, these，指远处的人或物时，用that, those。它们一般用以代替第一次出现的人或物，再次出现时则用it 代替this, that,they代替these,those.【注】为了避免重复
28、,that,those指代上文提到过的名词，this,these用来指后面要提到的事物。如The building in Japan is different from that in China. This is what I saw in the house. This is Walter speaking.Whos that?【针对性练习】( ) 1.-A latest English newspaper,please! -Only one copy left, would you like to have _.sir? A. it B. one C. this D. that( ) 2
29、. Theres someone at the door. Can you go and see who _ is ? A. he B. she C. that D. it( ) 3. The pears in my basket are smaller than_ in Jims. A. it B. that C. ones D. those( ) 4.-Linda, the new term is coming. Do you think you need a schoolbag? -Yes, Im going to buy _ this afternoon. A. it B. this
30、C. one D. that( ) 5. The population of China is much larger than _of Russia. A.this B. those C. it D. that( ) 6. -May I help you with some jeans, Sir? -Yes, Id like to try on those blue _. A. pair B.one C. two D. ones( ) 7.-I havent seen Jack for three days. Is he ill? -_.His mother told me that he was in hospital. A. Im afraid so B. I hope not C. I dont expect D. I am afraid not( ) 8. -Excuse me. is this seat taken? -_.That man got his books and left a few minutes ago. A. Im afraid so B. I dont think so C. I d
