1、届高考英语二轮专题复习学案专题1 语法和词汇知识之名词冠词和主谓一致2019版高中英语二轮专题复习学案：专题一 语法和词汇知识之名词、冠词和主谓一致（1）（新课标）【备考策略】1 考情分析 2 解题技巧【考点分类突破】一、 名词、冠词和主谓一致【专题考点】1 考查名词词义辨析、搭配、名词作定语以及其基本功能，包括数、格等；2 考查冠词的类指、泛指与特指、零冠词的使用、冠词的特殊搭配与抽象名词具体化；3 考查主谓一致。【典例探究】1、（2019山东卷T33）Those who suffer from headache will find they get _ from this medicine
2、.A. relief B. safety C. defense D. shelter【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。句意为：那些患头痛的人将会发现服用了这种药头痛可以得到缓解。relief缓解，减轻；safety 安全；defense 防御；shelter 保护，避难所，躲避处；根据四个名词选项，可判断A项为正确答案。2、（2019湖北卷T22）After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide for the homeless families.A. accommodation B. occu
3、pation C. equipment D. furniture 【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意：地震之后，当地政府首先做的是为无家可归的家庭提供住处。由语境（after the earthquake）可知，对the homeless families首先应当提供的是住处，因此选择A accommodation 住宿。occupation 职业，占有；equipment 设备；furniture 家具；均不合题意。3. （2019北京卷T35）First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get _ second
4、 chance to make _first impression. A. a; the B. the; the C. a; a D. the; a 【解析】选B。考查冠词的用法。句意为：对于人们来说，欣赏带给他们快乐的上海世博会是一种美好的感觉。feeling指伤心或快乐的感觉时通常用作可数名词；pleasure“愉快，高兴”，通常用作不可数名词。4、 （2019湖南卷T33）Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers.A. isB. areC. hasD. have 【解析】选
5、C。考查主谓一致和语态。由于caused后有宾语，故该用主动语态，即可排除A、B。考虑到主语是动名词短语，所以谓语动词该用单数。故选C。句意：在摇滚演唱会上听超响的音乐已对一些青少年造成了听力的丧失。5、(2019陕西卷T 24). It is reported that many a new house at present in the disaster area. A. are being built B. were being built C. was being built D. is being built【解析】选D。考查主谓一致。根据 “many a + 单数可数名词”作主语时
6、，谓语动词应用单数形式，可排除A、B。根据时间状语at present (目前，现在)，要用现在进行时，所以又可排除C。【跟踪演练】1、（2019江西师大附中模拟） By all _, you must try every _ to help him.A. mean; mean B. means; means C. means; mean D. mean; means2、（2019河北正定中学模拟）Hawking is _success, _disabled man though he is. Aa；/ B/；a Cthe；a Da；the3、（2019湖南醴陵二中、醴陵四中模拟） Eithe
7、r you or I _ going to be in charge of this matter.A. be B. are C. is D. am 4、（2019吉林省实验中学二模） A gift is a _ of what a relationship means to us. The best gifts meet the needs of the receiver. A. signal B. means C. symbol D. record5. The lawyer advised him to drop the _since he stands little chance to
8、win. A. case B. event C. incident D. affair6. Id like him to know that I dont want to be with him, but he never gets the_ . A. message B. news C. information D. word7. The _of Jay Chows concert made most of the audience present get wild. A. environment B. influenceC. impression D. atmosphere8. Frank
9、ly speaking, its peoples _to keep their promise that really annoys me. A. habit B. mistake C. loss D. failure9. （2019吉林省实验中学二模） The warmth of _ coat will mostly be determined by _ soft of cloth usedA. the; a B. a; the C. /; the D. a; a10（2019河北省唐山二模）We drank tea and made some small talk in kitchen.A
10、a；the Bthe；a C不填；the Dthe；不填11. With his wise thoughts about _nature and the world, Confucius is a great thinker in _history of China. A. 不填; the B. the; the来源:C. 不填; 不填 D. the; 不填12. When a giraffe has _drink, it has to stand with its front legs wide apart to reach _water. A. 不填; 不填 B. a; theC. the
11、; 不填 D. 不填; the13. It seems that Westerners seldom give their friends financial help. Maybe. For them _friendship is mostly _matter of providing emotional support and spending time together. A. 不填; the B. the; aC. 不填; a D. a; the14. Mrs. Hanson, a housewife bent on getting _higher education, has bee
12、n going to college, a few courses at _time for 7 years. A. a; a B. 不填; theC. the; a D. 不填; 不填15. （2019吉林省实验中学二模） More than one answer _ to the questions. A. had given B. were given C. has been given D. have been given16. A lack of _of cultural differences to local customs can create problems. A. exi
13、stence B. revolutionC. awareness D. evidence17. Hi, what did our monitor say just now? Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who are to visit Water Cube _asked to be at the school gate before 6; 30 in the morning. A. is B. were C. are D. was18. According to news reports personal _of guns in t
14、he USA causes a lot of trouble. A. wealth B. possession C. matter D. problem19. We must take strict measures to preserve water resources in the face of _severe lack of water worsened by _factors such as overuse, pollution and drought. A. the; the B. a; 不填C. 不填; the D. the; 不填20. Chinese President Hu
15、 Jintao and French President Sarkozy met in London and agreed China and France have common _in many fields. A. affairs B. businesses C. projects D. interests21. Local people said Israeli troops were seen before dawn Sunday in _town of Beit Lahiya, _north of Gaza City. A. 不填; 不填 B. a; theC. the; the
16、D. the; 不填22. Every possible means _been tried, however, nothing can help _the poor child from the danger. A. have; prevent B. has; preventC. has; protect D. have; protect23. Have you found anything interesting? None of the information _particularly useful to me. A. is B. are C. have D. has24. Do th
17、e students learn any foreign language in your school? Yes, more than one _taught in this school.A. language is B. language areC. language be D. languages are25. He told me that he had mailed part of the samples and that the rest _in a few days. A. was following B. have followedC. has followed D. wer
18、e following26 An experienced doctor usually judges a patients illness according to the various_. A. signs B. symptomsC. signals D. appearances27 With his wise thoughts about _nature and the world, Confucius is a great thinker in _history of China. A. 不填; the B. the; theC. 不填; 不填 D. the; 不填28. A lack
19、 of _of cultural differences to local customs can create problems. A. existence B. revolutionC. awareness D. evidence29. The lawyer advised him to drop the _since he stands little chance to win. A. case B. event C. incident D. affair30. When a giraffe has _drink, it has to stand with its front legs
20、wide apart to reach _water. A. 不填; 不填 B. a; theC. the; 不填 D. 不填; the31. Hi, what did our monitor say just now? Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who are to visit Water Cube _asked to be at the school gate before 6; 30 in the morning. A. is B. were C. are D. was32. It seems that Westerners
21、 seldom give their friends financial help. Maybe. For them _friendship is mostly _matter of providing emotional support and spending time together. A. 不填; the B. the; aC. 不填; a D. a; the33. Id like him to know that I dont want to be with him, but he never gets the_ . A. message B. news C. informatio
22、n D. word34. Mrs. Hanson, a housewife bent on getting _higher education, has been going to college, a few courses at _time for 7 years. A. a; a B. 不填; theC. the; a D. 不填; 不填35. The _of Jay Chows concert made most of the audience present get wild. A. environment B. influenceC. impression D. atmospher
23、e36. Reading is_ good habit. Stick to it, and youll make _great progress. A. a; / B. a; a C. the; a D. /; a37. Frankly speaking, its peoples _to keep their promise that really annoys me. A. habit B. mistake C. loss D. failure38. According to news reports personal _of guns in the USA causes a lot of
24、trouble. A. wealth B. possession C. matter D. problem39. We must take strict measures to preserve water resources in the face of _severe lack of water worsened by _factors such as overuse, pollution and drought. A. the; the B. a; 不填C. 不填; the D. the; 不填40. Chinese President Hu Jintao and French Pres
25、ident Sarkozy met in London and agreed China and France have common _in many fields. A. affairs B. businesses C. projects D. interests答案1 B 2 A 3 D 4 C5、 【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。律师建议他放弃这个案子, 因为他赢的机会很小。case案例, 案子; event重大事件; incident事件; affair琐事, 小事。根据句意可知应选A项。6【解析】选A。句意为; 我想让他知道我不想和他在一起, 但他就是不明白我的意思。get the m
26、essage为习语, 意为“明白, 理解, 领悟, 知悉（某人的暗示等）”。7【解析】选D。考查名词的辨析。句意为; 周杰伦音乐会上的气氛让大多数听众发狂。environment环境; influence影响; impression印象, 感想; atmosphere大气, 气氛。根据句意选D。8【解析】选D。句意为; 坦白地讲, 人们不能履行自己的诺言使我很恼火。failure失败; habit习惯; mistake错误; loss损耗, 丧失。9 B 10 C11【解析】选A。考查冠词的用法。nature表示“自然”时, 为不可数名词, 前面不用冠词。第二空处的history后面有修饰成分
27、, 特指“中国历史”, 所以要使用定冠词。12【解析】选B。考查冠词。have a drink是固定短语; 第二个空是表示特指, 故用定冠词。 13【解析】选C。考查冠词。第一空是泛指, 表示“友谊”, 前面不用冠词; 第二空a matter of表示“一件的事情, 关于”, 是特定用法。句意为; 对西方人而言, 友谊大多关于情感支持和共度时光。14【解析】选A。考查冠词。第一空表泛指; 第二空at a time是固定词组, 表示“每次, 依次”。所以A项正确。15 C16【解析】选C。句意为; 缺乏地方习俗之间存在文化差异的意识可能会引发问题。awareness意识; existence存在
28、; revolution革命; evidence证据。17【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。every. . . and every. . . 结构作主语时, 谓语动词用第三人称单数形式, 由此排除B、C两项; 根据前面的are to visit Water Cube的时态可知, A项正确。18【解析】选B。考查名词。句意为; 根据新闻报道, 在美国私人拥有枪支引起了很多麻烦。wealth财富, 财产; possession拥有, 占有; matter问题, 物质; problem问题。19【解析】选D。考查冠词用法。句意为; 面对因过度用水、污染及干旱因素而恶化的缺水问题, 我们必须采取严厉的措施
29、来保护水资源。第一个空应填定冠词the, 特指严重的缺水问题; 第二个空后的名词factors是复数, 前面一般不用冠词。故D项正确。20【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。句意为; 中国国家主席胡锦涛和法国总统萨科奇在伦敦会晤, 一致认为中国和法国在许多领域有着共同的利益。affair事情, 公共事务（常用复数）; business企业, 公司, 商店; project工程, 项目; interest爱好, 利益（常用复数）。21【解析】选D。考查冠词。因为town后面有of Beit Lahiya限定, 因此前面使用定冠词the; north这里是方位副词, 因此前面不用冠词。22【解析】选C。根
30、据句意; “每种可能的方法都已经尝试了, 然而, 没有什么能保护这个可怜的孩子不受到危险的伤害”。every means是单数, 所以用“has”, 排除A、D两项; 而prevent. . . from. . . 是“阻止某人做某事或阻止某事发生”, 不合题意。23【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。依据后文的particularly useful可以排除C、D两项。而information又是不可数名词, 所以谓语动词应用单数。24【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。句意为; 你们学校的学生学习外语吗? 是的。我们学校不止教一种语言25【解析】选D。考查时态和主谓一致。句意为; 他告诉我部分样品已经寄出, 剩下的（样品）几天后寄出。从时态角度考虑, 本句讲的是过去的事情, 故用过去时, 排除B、C两项; 然后考虑主谓一致原则, the rest相当于the rest of the samples, 表复数, 故谓语动词需用复数形式, 故答案为D。26【解析】选B。考查名词辨析。sign标记, 迹象, 记号; symptom症状; signal信号; appearance外观, 外表。显然只有B项符合题意, 即医生根据病人的症状判断病情。27【解析】选A。考查冠词
