1、期末考试英语复习期末考试英语复习Test 1 Passage onePeople can be addicted to different thingse.g., alcohol, drugs, certain foods, or even television. People who have such an addiction are compulsive ：i.e., they have a very powerful psychological need that they feel they must satisfy. According to psychologists, many
2、 people are compulsive spenders. They feel that they must spend money. This compulsion, like most others, is irrationalimpossible to explain reasonably. For compulsive spenders who buy on credit赊欠, charge accounts赊购账户, are even more exciting than money. In other words, compulsive spenders feel that
3、with credit they can do anything. Their pleasure in spending enormous amounts is actually greater than the pleasure that they get from the things they buy.There is even a special psychology of bargain特价商品hunting. To save money, of course, most people look for sales, low prices, and discounts. Compul
4、sive bargain hunters, however, often buy things that they dont need just because they are cheap. They want to believe that they are helping their budgets, but they are really playing an exciting game. When they can buy something for less than other people, they feel they are winning. Most people, ex
5、perts claim, have two reasons for their behavior: a good reason for the things they do and the real reason.It is not only scientists, of course, who understand the psychology of spending habits, but also businesspeople. Stores, companies and advertisers use psychology to increase business: They cons
6、ider peoples needs for love, power, or influence, their basic values, their beliefs and opinions, and so on in their advertising and sales method. Psychologists often use a method called behavior therapy疗法to help individuals solve their personality problems. In the same way, they can help people who
7、 feel that they have problems with money.1. According to the psychologists, a compulsive spender is one who spends large amounts of money .C just to meet his or her strong psychological need2. According to the author, compulsive bargain hunters are in constant search of the lowest possible prices .D
8、 but they seldom admit they feel satisfied if they can get things for less than others3. Which of the following is true? .B Businesspeople and advertisers can use the psychology of money to increase sales.4. The article is mainly about .A the psychology of money-spending habits5. From the passage we
9、 may safely conclude that compulsive spenders or compulsive bargain hunters .B need special treatmentPassage twoOver the past 600 years, English has grown from a language of few speakers to become the dominant language of international communication. English as we know it today emerged around 1350,
10、after having incorporated many elements of French that were introduced following the Norman invasion of 1066. Until the 1600s, English was, for the most part, spoken only in England and had not extended even as far as Wales, Scotland, or Ireland. However, during the course of the next two centuries,
11、 English began to spread around the globe as a result of exploration, trade , colonization and missionary work. Thus, small enclaves聚居地of English speakers became established and grew in various parts of the world. As these communities proliferated, English gradually became the primary language of in
12、ternational business, banking, and diplomacy. Then came the 20th century and its burst of technology. Suddenly people were talking across oceans, flying across continents, hearing broadcasts that reverberated around the planet. Language spread faster than ever. The world wars carried American and Br
13、itish soldiers around the world, pollinating English as they went. When World Warended, the English language was barreling高速行驶forward on the shoulders of American capitalism - McDonalds and Coca-Cola, Rambo and MTV, munitions军火and computer technology.Currently, about 80 percent of the information st
14、ored on computer systems worldwide is in English. Two-thirds of the worlds science writing is in English, and English is the main language of technology, advertising, media, international airports, and air traffic controllers. Today there are more than 700 million English users in the world, and ove
15、r half of these are non-native speakers, constituting the largest number of non-native users than any other language in the world.1. What is the main topic of this passage?A The expansion of English as an international language.2. Approximately when did English begin to be used beyond England?D Afte
16、r 1600.3. As used in the second paragraph, the word pollinating is most similar in meaning to .D disseminating4. According to the passage, all of the following contributed to the spread of English around the world EXCEPT .B the Norman invasion5. According to this passage, approximately how many non-
17、native users of English are there in the world today?C 350 millionTest 3 Passage one The Westinghouse Science Talent Search, the most prestigious high school science contest in the nation, was launched to identify young scientific talent, and it has been doing so with remarkable precision since 1941
18、. Every year, approximately 1,700 students from around the country polish off projects they have been working on for as long as two years, and send in a report to the contest officials. Simply entering the contest is an impressive achievement for a high school junior. It means that the student has s
19、pent hundreds of hours probing a scientific question or testing a theory about which he has written a scientific paper of near-professional quality. The top 300 students become semifinals, and from this group, 40 are selected to bring their projects to Washington. Ten projects are then selected as t
20、he best in the final round of judging. The 40 finalists get at least $ 1,000 for their effort, and the top student receives a $ 40,000 scholarship. Most of the winners, from semifinals up, are guaranteed admission to the college of their choice. From the very start, this contest was different fromtr
21、aditional science fair. Its goal was not simply to choose the best project but to locate the best potential scientists. The distinction is an important one. The contest has a number of features that test the mettle of the students as well as the projects. It endeavors to explore the nimbleness and o
22、riginality of the minds behind the projects, rather than just rewarding the boldness of the experiment. The contests underlying philosophy is that students discover their scientific talents by working on science, not by listening to lectures in a classroom.1. The Westinghouse Science Talent Search i
23、s .C a respected high school science contest in the U.S.2. According to the passage, the aim of the Westinghouse Science Talent Search has always been .A to discover young scientific talents3. The Westinghouse Science Talent Search differs from traditional science contests in that .D it intends to f
24、ind the best potential scientists4. It can be concluded from the passage that .B the participants in the Westinghouse Search discover and exploit their talents by developing their own scientific projects5. It can be inferred from the passage that the author takes a attitude towards the Westinghouse
25、Science Talent Search.A)positivePassage two A study of art history might be a good way to learn more about a culture than is possible to learn in general history classes. Most typical history courses concentrate on politics, economics, and war. But art history focuses on much more than this because
26、art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions, and psychology. In addition, information about the daily activities of our ancestors or of people very different from our own can be provided by art. In short, art expresses the essential qualities of a tim
27、e and a place, and a study of it clearly offers us a deeper understanding than can be found in most history books. In history books, objective information about the political life of a country is presented: that is, facts about politics are given, but opinions are not expressed. Art, on the other ha
28、nd, is subjective: it reflects emotions and opinions. The great Spanish painter Francisco Goya was perhaps the first truly political artist. In his well-known painting The Third of May, 1808, he criticized the Spanish government for its misuse of power over people.Over a hundred years later, symboli
29、c images were used in Pablo Picassos Guernica to express the horror of war. Meanwhile, on another continent, the powerful paintings of Diego Rivera, Jose Clemente Orozco, and David Alfaro Siqueiros as well as the works of Alfredo Ramos Martinez depicted these Mexican artists deep anger and sadness a
30、bout social problems.In the same way, art can reflect a cultures religious beliefs. For hundreds of years in Europe, religious art was almost the only type of art that existed. Churches and other religious buildings were filled with paintings that depicted people and stories from the Bible. Although
31、 most people couldnt read, they could still understand biblical stories in the pictures on church walls. By contrast, one of the main characteristics of art in the Middle East was its absence of human and animal images. This reflects the Islamic伊斯兰教belief that statues are unholy.1. More can be learn
32、ed about a culture from a study of art history than general history because art history .D all of the above2. Art is subjective in that .A a personal and emotional view of history is presented through it3. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?D In the Middle East even today you can hardly find any human and animal figures on palaces or other buildings.4. The passage mainly discusses .A the difference between general history and art history5. It m
