1、托福听力分类词汇1分类词汇宇宙 universe; cosmos宇宙的 universal(adj; Cosmic (ad宇宙尘 cosmic dust宇宙万物 cosmic inventory天体 celestial body天体力学 celestial mechanics; Mechanical astronomy天体演化 cosmogony星系 galaxy河外星系 extragalactic system总星系 met galaxy银河系 Galactic System; Milky Way太阳系 solar system星际空间 interstellar space星团 star c
2、luster; Stellar cluster; stardust星云 nebula星辰 stars小星 starlet恒星 (fixed star彗星 comet流星 metro; Shooting/ falling star行星 planet小行星 minor planet; Asteroid; planetoid卫星 satellite星尘 dust类星体 quasar; Quasi-stellar object (QSO发光的 luminous金星 Venus木星 Jupiter水星 Mercury火星 Mars土星 Saturn地球 Earth天王星 Uranus海王星 Neptun
3、e冥王星 Pluto太阳 sun太阳光谱 solar spectrum太阳光线 sunray太阳黑子 spot; sun pot; macula太阳粒子 solar particle日蚀 solar eclipse日冕 (solar corona太阳中心说 helicocentricism地球中心说 geocentricism月亮 moon满月 full moon新月 crescent月亮由亏转盈 wax(v月亮由盈转亏 wane(v环形山 crater月的,月球上的 lunar月蚀 lunar eclipse公转 revolve; revolution自转 rotate; rotation轨
4、道 orbit; orbital黑洞 black hole真空 vacuum红外线 infrared ray辐射 radiation发射 emit; emission地壳 crust地幔 mantle地核 core; earths core半球 semisphere; hemisphere地球基本磁场 fundamental magnetic; field of the earth 地球自转 earth ratation地球公转 revolution of the earth地球引力 gravity; gravitation attraction地震 earthquake; seism; se
5、ismic地震波 seismic wave南极 the Antarctic Pole北极 the Arctic Pole赤道 the equator热带地区 tropics; tropical温带 temperate zone寒带 frigid zone; cold zone经度 longitude经线 meridian; warp纬度 latitude纬线 parallel; weft地平线 horizon亚洲 Asia美洲 America非洲 Africa欧洲 Europe澳洲 Australia大洋洲 Oceania大西洋 the Atlantic北冰洋 the Arctic Ocean
6、太平洋 the Pacific地中海 the Mediterranean (sea海的 marine(adj; maritime; oceanic边缘 fringe; margin; periphery; verge海峡 straits; channel; fretum海湾 gulf; bay岛 island; isle小岛islet半岛 peninsula浮岛 floating island群岛 archipelago火山岛 volcanic island珊瑚岛 coral island板块 plate板块边缘 plate margin板块构造 plate tectonics; raft t
7、ectonics板块学说 plate tectonics板块假说 plate hypothesis板块碰撞 plate collision板块运动 plate motion; plate movement板块漂移 plate drift大陆 continent; continetal断裂 rift; rent(租地形 topography; landform; relief (feature; surface feature; terrain高地 highland; upland; elevation; plateau平原 plain; flatlands低地 low; lowland盆地 b
8、asin; saucer; bowl地上的,陆地的 terrestrial天上的,天体的 celestial地下的 underground; subterranean洞穴 cave; cavity; chamber; crater大山洞 cavern山脉 mountain range/ chain山脊 ridge山谷,峡谷 valley; mountain valley; canyon; dale; ravine; gorge;glen; gap山崖 chiff峭壁 barranca; precipice; steep悬崖 bluff; escarpment; scarp河流 river; s
9、tream溪 brook; streamlet; rivulet石头 stone卵石,砾石 pebble; rubble; debris; boulder石灰石 limestone页岩 shale陨岩 meteorite花岗岩 granite大理石 maeble矿石 mineral翡翠 jadeite绿宝石 emerald红宝石 ruby珍珠 pearl宝石 gem jewel纹理 grain纹理细腻的 fine-grained文理粗糙的 coarse-grained有线纹的 line-grained火山 volcano活火山 active volcano死火山 extinct volcano
10、休眠火山 dormant volcano火山口 crater; volcanic cent; summit crater火山锥 cone火山坑 fine pit火山腔体 chamber火山带 volcanic belt火山爆发 volcanic eruption火山沉淀 volcanic deposit火山尘 volcanic dust火山熔岩 lava; slag熔岩湖 lave lake熔岩瀑布 lave cascade熔岩丘 lave dome岩浆 magma冰山 iceberg冰河 glacier冰河时代 glacier epoch冰河学 glaciology冰河作用 glaciati
11、on汹涌, 高涨 surge化学 chemistry成分 composition; constituent; agent物质 substance; material元素 element元素周期表 periodic table; system of elements 化合物 compround金属 metal有色金属 nonferrous metal铂(白金)platinum 银silver铜 copper 铝 aluminium 锡 tin 镍 nickel锌 zinc 钾 potassium 镁 magnesium 铅 lead 钠 calcium 汞 mercury氢 hydrogen 氧
12、 oxygen 氮 nitrogen 氦 helium 氨 ammonia 碳 carbon 硅 silicon 硫 sulfur 碘 iodine分子 molecule (摩尔)原子 atom原子核 nucleus质子 proton中子 neutron电子 electron离子 ion粒子 particle水蒸气 water vapor溶液 solution溶解 dissolve; reslove溶质 solute; solvend可溶的 soluble不可溶的 insolublei溶剂 dissolvant; solvent resdvent沉淀 subside; deposit; pre
13、cipitate沉淀物 subsidence; deposition; sediment; sedimentation; precipitate 凝结 coagulate浓缩 condense; condensation饱和 saturation; saturated晶体 crystal结晶 crystal结晶作用 crystallization挥发 volatillize; volatile蒸发 evaporate; evaporation电解 electrolyze电解槽 electrolytic bath分解 decompose腐烂 decompose; rot; decay物理 phy
14、sics物理变化 physical change力学 mechanics光学 optics电学 electricity静电 static electricity摩擦 rub; chafe电流 electric current直流电 direct current (DC交流电 alternating current (AC直流电变压器 direct-current trasformer电路 circuit(CKT; electric circuit电荷 electric charge; charge电压 electric tension; electric voltage伏特 voltage导电
15、体 conductor绝缘体 insulator半导体 semiconductor电池 battery真空管 vacuum tube; valve晶体管 transistor; crystal; valve凸透镜 convex lens凹透镜 concave lens显微镜 microscope望远镜 telescope放大镜 magnifier光学纤维 optical fiber光谱 spectrum紫外线 ultraviolet rays红外线 infra-red raysX 光纤 Roentgen rays=X rays透明的 transparent半透明的translucent不透明的
16、 opaque微波 microwave波峰 wave crest; peak; ridge波谷 trough of wave; trough; valley波长 wavelength频率 frenguency; rate媒质 medium; media震动 vibrate; vibration回声 echo速度 speed速率 velocity加速度 accelerated velocity重力 gravity引力 gravitation attraction运动 motion移动 lecomotion惯性 inertia动量 momentum动力(学)的,运动的 kinetic运动摩擦 ki
17、netic friction冲量 impulse势能 potential energy阻力 resistance; drag; drag force空气阻力 air resisitance; air friction摩擦力 friction (fiction 小说歌剧 opera歌剧剧本 libretto乐队 orchestra; band乐队指挥 conductor; bandmaster合唱,合唱队 chorus民乐 folk song流行歌曲 pop song; popular song管弦乐 string orchestra交响乐 symphony爵士乐 jazz声学 acoustic
18、s耳的,听觉的 acoustic; aural; auditory乐谱 score; notation乐章 movement音符 note曲调 tune; melody; melodic音高 pitch节奏 rhythm节拍 meter; beat乐器 musical instrument合音,琴弦 chord拨弦乐器 plucked instrument打击乐器 percussion instrument弦乐器 stringed instrument喇叭,号 bugle; trumpet; horn大提琴cello中提琴 viola小提琴 violin同感 sympathy反感 antipa
19、thy通感 empathy森林 forest木材 timber; lumber风干,晒干(木材)season(v树冠 canopy树枝 branch大树枝 limb小树枝 twig树干 trunk树皮 bark树叶 leaf; foliage灌木 bush; shrub; arbuscle乔木 arbor柳树 willow松树 pine榆树 elm杉 fir雪松 cedar胡桃树 walnut阔叶树 broadleaf植被 vegetation苔藓 moss; lichen蕨类植物 fern被子植物 angiosperm花 flower果树的花 blossom草本植物的花 bloom花瓣 pe
20、tal花叶 floral leaf花蜜 nectar花粉 pollen授粉 pollinate; pollination授粉者 pollinator芬芳 fragrant; aroma; perfume气味 scent; odor臭味 stink; stench茎 stem; stalk根茎 rhizome块茎tuber球茎 corn受精 fertilize杂交 crossbreeding细胞 cell细胞壁 cell wall细胞核 nucleus; cell nucleus细胞质 cytoplasm纤维素 cellulose叶绿素 chlorophyll光合作用 photosynthesi
21、s农业 agriculture农产品 produce(n主要产物(或商品) staple谷仓 barn梯田 terrace灌溉 irrigate; irrigation耕,犁 plough; plow铲 shovel镐 pick(v; pickaxe(n镰刀 sickle碾子 roller磨 mill(n/v; grind(v耕种,养殖 cultivate(v; till(v收割 reap; harvest; gather in收割机 harvester; harvesting implements; reaper; reaping machine 拖拉机 tractor打谷,脱粒 thres
22、h(v; thresher(n除草 weeding; extirpate; weed; weed out (weeds杂草 weeds; rank grass; hogweed渠 ditch; canal; channel排水渠 drainage ditch肥料 fertilizer; manure农作物,庄稼 crop谷 grain; cereal小米,粟 millet小麦 wheat大麦 barley稻子 rice; paddy豆,蚕豆 bean大豆 soybean豌豆 pea玉米 corn棉花 cotton蔬菜 vegetables害虫 pest; injurious/destructi
23、ve insect杀虫剂 insecticide; pesticide; insectifuge土地 land; soil田地 farmland; field麦田 wheatland; wheat field犁沟 furrow田埂 ridge耕地 arable land肥沃fertile(adj贫瘠barren; infertile; impoverished; sterile干旱drought; arid; dry干旱地区arid area牧场grazing land; pasture; meadow; ranch 种植园pkantation果园orchard草地grassland; mea
24、dow; lea奶牛场dairy家禽饲养场hennery畜牧业animal/livestock husbandry游牧的nomadic苗圃nursery干草(喂牲畜的)饲料hay; forage; silage; fodder 兽群herd家畜livestock牛cattle公牛ox; bull母牛cow奶牛dariy cattle小牛calf水牛water buffalo牛棚cowshed马horse母马mare小马pony种马stallion; stu马厩,马棚stable马具harness踢马刺spur羊sheep母羊ewe山羊goat小羊lamb羊栏sheepcote猪hog; pig
25、; swine母猪sow公猪boar小猪piglet野猪wild boar猪圈pigsty(猪等)同胎生下的小崽litter狗dog猎狗hunting dog; hound小狗puppy狗窝kennel繁殖,饲养breed; rear家禽fowl; domestic bird; domestic fowl鸡chicken雏鸡chick; chicken公鸡cock; rooster母鸡hen养鸡场chicken farm鸡舍roost鸭duck公鸭drake家/野鸭domestic/wild duck母鸭duck小鸭duckling鹅goose (a goose egg 被人打了一个包一群鹅a
26、 drove/ flock of geese孵卵,孵化hatch; incubate; incubation; hover 蛋egg蛋黄yolk蛋青,蛋白albumen蛋壳eggshell哺乳动物mammal脊椎动物vertebrate无脊椎动物invertebrate甲壳类的动物crustacean节肢动物arthropod节体动物articulate啮齿动物rodent爬行动物reptile食腐动物scavenger反刍动物ruminant腔肠动物coelenterate灵长目动物primate软体动物mollusk水生动植物aquatic两栖动物/植物amphibian食草动物herbi
27、vore食肉动物,食虫植物carnivore纲class目order亚目suborder科family (father and mother I love you 属genus种species昆虫insect; worm卵ovum; egg幼虫larva; caterpillar茧cocoon颚,下巴jaw上/下颚upper/cower jaw蜕变transform益虫usefull insect触须vibrissa; smeller; tentacle蛾moth蚂蚁ant白蚁termite蜜蜂bee蜂wasp蜂群swarms毛虫caterpillar蝗虫grasshopper; locust
28、蜘蛛spider; arachnid蜘蛛网cobweb; web; spider web群居social独居solitary鱼fish鱼类触须barbell鱼卵spawn一群鱼a school of fish鲨鱼shark鲸鱼whale章鱼octopus海参sea cucumber海星starfish海豚dolphin鸟bird鹪鹩(小型鸟的典型)wern秃鹫(大型鸟的典型)condor猛禽bird of prey鹰eagle; falcon; hawk; kestrel; condor 鸵鸟ostrich鹦鹉parrot鸽子pigeon; dove鸟嘴bill(水禽 ;beak(猛禽迁徙mi
29、grate换毛molt栖息perch巢nest栖息处roost; habitat(鸟 用嘴理(毛 preen蔽身之处shelter兽beast; animal猛兽beast of prey怀孕be/ become pregnant; conceive(adj 食肉动物predator被捕食的动物prey猿ape; orangutar; primate猩猩chimp; chimpanzee; gorilla狒狒baboon猴monkey类人猿anthropid交配mating; copulation冬眠hibernation胎foetus; embryo胎儿,幼儿infant恐龙dinosaur鱼龙ichthyosuar翼龙pterosaur始祖鸟archaeopteryx化石fossil考古学archaeology人类学anthropology人种学ethnology原始人类hominid; primitive微生物microbe细菌bacterium (pl. bacteria病菌,病原体pathogen真菌fungus (pl. fungi酵母菌yeast霉菌mould/mold; mild