1、最新 版高考英语 阅读理解专题练习附答案2020-2021最新 版高考英语 阅读理解专题练习(附答案)一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读理解 An experimental cleanup device called RemoveDEBRIS has successfully cast a net around a dummy (仿真的) satellite, imitating a technique that could one day collect spaceborne garbage. The test, which was carried out this week, is widely
2、believed to be the first successful demonstration of space cleanup technology, experts told CNN. And it symbolizes an early step toward solving what has already been a critical issue: junk in space. Millions of pieces of junk are turning around in orbit the result of 50 years of space travel and few
3、 regulations to keep space clean. At orbital speeds, even a small bit of paint crashing with a satellite can cause critical damage. Various companies have plans to send thousands of new satellites into low-Earth orbit, already the most crowded area. The RemoveDEBRIS experiment is run by a company an
4、d researchers led by the U. K.s Surrey Space Center and includes Airbus, Airbus-owned Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd. and Frances ArianeGroup. Guglielmo Aglietti, the director of Surrey Space Center, said that an operational version of the RemoveDEBRlS technology would cast a net that remains faste
5、ned to the main satellite so the debris can be dragged out of orbit. It could target large pieces of junk, including dead satellites up to 10 meters long. The RemoveDEBRIS satellite will conduct a few more experiments in the coming months, including testing navigation features that could help guide
6、the satellite to a specific piece of debris.Jonathan McDowell, an astrophysicist at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, said the success of this weeks experiment was exciting, but he cautioned against over- publicizing it. There are still enormous barriers to clear before operational cl
7、eanup tasks are underway, he said, and the most discouraging is figuring out how to fund such projects. Aglietti, the Surrey professor who helped lead the RemoveDEBRIS project, said The challenge will lie in persuading the relevant authorities to sponsor these tasks. Aglietti said he hopes RemoveDEB
8、RIS will conduct a few cleanup tasks per year, targeting the largest pieces of junk in the most crowded orbits.（1）What is the use of the RemoveDEBRIS satellite? A.Demonstrating space technology.B.Imitating a developing technique.C.Collecting wastes existing in space.D.Symbolizing great progress in s
9、pace.（2）How does the RemoveDEBRlS satellite work? A.By throwing a net to take the junk from orbit.B.By fastening it to the main satellite tightly.C.By dragging satellites up to 10 meters long.D.By targeting large pieces of junk carefully.（3）What does the underlined word sponsor in the last paragraph
10、 probably mean? A.Accomplish.B.Support.C.Oppose.D.Provide.（4）Whats the best title for the text? A.The RemoveDEBRIS Project Is PerfectB.How RemoveDEBRIS Is Invented in the LabC.Why the RemoveDEBRIS Satellite Is InventedD.Satellite Collects Space Junk for the First Time【答案】 （1）C（2）A（3）B（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文
11、是一篇说明文，介绍了“卫星首次收集太空垃圾。”一种名为“清除碎片”的实验清理设备成功地在一颗虚拟卫星周围撒网，模仿一种有朝一日可能收集太空垃圾的技术。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中“.,imitating a technique that could one day collect spaceborne garbage.”模仿一种有一天可以收集太空垃圾的技术。可知，the RemoveDEBRIS卫星的用途是收集太空中存在的废物。故选C。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第六段中的“.,said that an operational version of the RemoveDEBRlS tec
12、hnology would cast a net that remains fastened to the main satellite so the debris can be dragged out of orbit. It could target large pieces of junk, including dead satellites up to 10 meters long.“该公司表示，一种操作性版本的RemoveDEBRlS技术将会在主卫星上撒网，这样碎片就可以被拖出轨道。它可以瞄准大块的垃圾，包括长达10米的报废卫星。”可知，RemoveDEBRlS卫星是通过撒网把垃圾带
13、离轨道。故选A。 （3）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的”Aglietti said he hopes RemoveDEBRIS will conduct a few cleanup tasks per year, targeting the largest pieces of junk in the most crowded orbits.“Aglietti说，他希望清理碎片的工作每年能进行几次，目标是最拥挤轨道上最大的垃圾碎片。可知，“挑战在于说服有关当局赞助这些任务。”可知，划线词的意思是“支持”。故选B。 （4）考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的”The test, which was car
14、ried out this week, is widely believed to be the first successful demonstration of space cleanup technology, experts told CNN. And it symbolizes an early step toward solving what has already been a critical issue: junk in space.“专家告诉CNN，本周进行的这次测试被广泛认为是太空清洁技术的首次成功演示。它象征着解决太空垃圾这一关键问题的第一步。可知，本文主题是“卫星首次
15、收集太空垃圾”。故选D。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解 In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity(繁荣). Others say that
16、competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people. I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life-
17、and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten. However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordin
18、ary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By
19、not trying, they always have an excuse: I may have lost, but it doesnt matter because I really didnt try.What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the
20、same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that ones self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve(缓解)can we di
21、scover a new meaning in competition.（1）Why are some people in favor of competition? A.Because they think competition pushes society forward.B.Because they think competition improves social abilities.C.Because they think competition builds up a sense of pride.D.Because they think competition develops
22、 peoples relationship.（2）What does the underlined phrase the most vocal in Paragraph 3 refer to? A.People who try their best to win.B.People who highly value competition.C.People who are strongly against competition.D.People who mostly rely on others for success.（3）Which viewpoint does the author ag
23、ree to? A.Self-worth relies on winning.B.Winning should be a life-and-death matter.C.Competition leads to unfriendly relationship.D.Fear of failure should be removed in competition.（4）What does the passage mainly talk about? A.Competition helps to set up self-respect.B.People hold different opinions
24、 about competition.C.Failures are necessary experience in competition.D.Competition is harmful to personal quality development.【答案】 （1）A（2）C（3）D（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了人们对于竞争所持的不同观点。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. ”可知，一些人
25、赞成竞争是因为他们认为竞争促进社会的进步和繁荣。故选A。 （2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“they strongly blame competition他们强烈谴责竞争；以及youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society遭受来自父母或社会的竞争压力的年轻人，可推知，画线部分的意思是强烈反对的。故选C。 （3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的”Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve
26、 can we discover a new meaning in competition.“只有当这种基本的、常常令人烦恼的恐惧开始消失时，我们才能在竞争中发现新的意义。可推知，作者认为竞争要摆脱对失败的恐惧。故选D。 （4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段”In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say
27、that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.“在现代社会，关于竞争有很多争论。有些人非常重视它，认为它对社会进步和繁荣负有责任。其他人说竞争是不好的;它使一个人反对另一个人;这会导致人与人之间不友好的关系。以及下文内容可知，本文主要介绍人们对于竞争所持的不同观点。故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进
28、一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3（2019全国）阅读理解 Before the 1830s, most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers wer
29、e read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that. The trend, then, was toward the penn
30、y paper-a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street. This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible(but not easy)to buy single
31、 copies of newspapers before 1830,but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printers office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seld
32、om a penny-usually two or three cents was charged-and some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase penny paper caught the publics fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny. This new trend of newspapers for the man on the street did not
