1、完整版英语句子结构分析讲解1018180321定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和 次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语L met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday . I I J I 0主语谓语定语 宾语同位语 状语主语（subject ）句子说明的人或事物Jane is good at playing the piano. （名词）She went out in a hurry. （代词）Four plus four is eight. （数词）To see is to b
2、elieve. （不定式）Smoking is bad for health. （动名词）The young should respect the old. （名词化的形容词）What he has said is true. （句子）找出下列句中的主语：1、 The sun rises in theeast.2、 Twenty years is a short time in history.3、 The poor are now living in the shelter.4、 Seeing is believing.5、To see is to believe.6、He likes da
3、ncing.7、 What he needs is a book.8、 It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall likea tree. 谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征简单谓语：由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orpha ns.复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词；He can speak E nglish well.She doesn t seem to like dancing.找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。）：
4、1.We love Chi na.2.We have fini shed readi ng this book.3.He can speak En glish.4.She seems tired. （三）宾语动作的对象或承受者 及物动词或介词的宾语 Show your passport, please. （名词）She did nt say anything. （代词）How many do you want? - I want two. （数词）They sent the injured to hospital. （名词化的形容词）They asked to see my passport.
5、 （不定式）宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事，间接宾语指人或 动物.He gave me some books.0 Q间接直接宾语宾语指出下面句子的间接宾语和直接宾语： please pass me the book.He bought his girlfrie nd some flowers.找出下列句子的宾语部分：1.We ofte n help him.2.He likes to play basketball.3.We enjoy listening to the music.4.She said that he felt sick.5.They are talking a
6、bout the new student. （四）连系动词 ,其后面的成分叫作表语。 The war was over.They seem to know the truth.Time is precious.I m not quite myself today.That rema ins a puzzle.I don t feel at ease.找出下列句中的表语。1.1 am a teacher.2.They are on the playgro und.3.My job is teachi ng En glish.4.It gets cold.5.It sounds in terest
7、i ng.常见的系动词有be动词,还有get ,become, turn, grow 等表 “变得”的词，和感观动词 sou nd, look, smel,taste,feel 等。（五）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句He is a clever boy. （形容词）His father works in a steel work.（名词）There are 54 stude nts in our class. （数词）Do you known betty s sister?（名词所有格）He bought some sleep ing pills.（动名词）There is a s
8、leep ing baby in bed.（现在分词）His spoken la nguage is good.（过去分词）定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句 子表示时，通常则后置The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing un der the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?找出下列句子的定语1.The black bike is mine.2.She is a
9、chemistry teacher.3.The man in blue is my brother.4.The girl play ing the pia no is my youn ger sister.5.The lady who is weari ng red dress is our new teacher.（六）状语状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、 程度、方式和伴随状况等。I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playgro und.He was late because he got up
10、 late.He got up so late that I missed the train. I waited to see you.He ofte n went to school by bus.His parents died, leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesti ng.He went to school in spite of his illness. 找出下列句中的状语1. We ofte n help him.2.I really don t l
11、ike the food.3.He did his homework carefullyat home.4.Her mother goes out to do some shopp ing on Sun day.5.Whe n I grow up, I am going to be a doctor.（七） 宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外， 还要有一个宾语补足语，说 明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足， 使句子的意义完整。这类常 用的及物动词有：make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let.I found the b
12、ook in teresting.Do you smell somethi ng burning?He made himself known to them.She asked me to lend her a hand.宾语补足语：和宾语构成复合宾语。宾语和宾补之间存在内在逻辑上 的主谓关系。找出下列句子的宾语补足语：1.They elected John monitor.2.We call him Iron Ox.3.The doctor told me to do moreexercise.4.They made her happy.5.He is going to have his h
13、air cut.6.They saw a bird flying in the sky.（八） 同位语 位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况He himself will do the experime nt. （代词）He is the oldest among them four. （数词）（从句）He told me the news that our team won the game.句子成分详解表句子成分意义充当成分例句主语表示句子说名，代，数，We study in的是什么人不定式，动名Huan gQiao或什么词，短语或句Middle事子School.谓语说明主语做动词或动
14、词She is什么，是什么词组dancing或怎un der the么样tree.宾语表示动作行同主语Both of us为的对象likeEn glish.表语与联系动词 连用，一起构 成谓语，说明主语 的性质或特 征同主语Her father is achemist.His wordssou nd reas on able.定语用来修饰名形，代，数，We have词或代词名，eight副，介词短语less ons或句子every day.状语修饰动词，形副词，介词短He works容词，副词，语或句very hard.表子They held a示动作发生party in的时间，地Hollywood.点，原因，目的，方式，结果等宾语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关形容词，名词，介词短语She alwayskeeps thehouse clea n.系等随堂练习：分析下列句子结构：1) You are a student.2 ) He felt happytoday.3)What you said made me happy.4) Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well?5)Afte
