1、专转本英语教案6专转本英语教案（6）非谓语动词 非谓语动词指在句子中不充当谓语的动词。它们都具有动词的特征，同时又具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。与谓语动词不同，它们不能独立作谓语，不受主语人称和数的限制，因而被称为非谓语动词。非谓语动词可分类为：不定式、动名词、分词一、不定式1、不定式的运用 1）、作主语e.g. To see is to believe. It is difficult for us to recall his name. 2）、作宾语e.g. Sam tends to choose this type of automobile. He found it difficult
2、 to work out the problems.在英语中，有一些动词后面接动词作宾语，只能用动词不定式。 afford , arrange , agree, incline, intend, learn, beg, care, hasten, choose, manage, claim, consent, contrive, pledge, decide, neglect, decline, offer, demand, design, resolve, plan, desire, prefer, determine, pretend, destine, profess, refuse,
3、promise, enable, endeavor, seek, except, struggle, seem, fail, swear, happen, undertake, regret, threaten, venture, volunteer, tend, hesitate, hope, want, wish, ask等。 3）、作定语e.g. He has too many things to do. 4）、作宾语补足语e.g. Ill get him to repair the machine.动词+ sb. + to do sth.advise, cause, allow, co
4、mmand, announce, compel, ask, condemn, assist, deserve, authorize, direct, bear, drive, beg, enable, bride, encourage, entitle, permit, entreat, persuade, exhort, pray, forbid, prefer, force, press, get, prompt, pronounce, help, recommend, implore, remind, induce, report, inspire, request, instruct,
5、 require, intend, summon, invite, teach, lead, tell, leave, tempt, like, urge, mean, want, need, warn, oblige, wish, order, call on, make out, care for, vote for, count on, prevail on, depend on, rely on, keep on at, wait for, long for等。 5）、作表语e.g. The purpose of this visit is to sign a business con
6、tract. 6）、作状语e.g. I come here to tell you about our plan.2、不定式的逻辑主语e.g. It is important for / of us to pass this exam. It is kind of you to say so.注：一般来说，绝大多数的形容词要求用for引导不定式的逻辑主语，而少数表示人的品质的形容词则要由of引导不定式的逻辑主语。常见的这类形容词有：bold, brave, careful, careless, clever, considerate, rude, good, kind, nice silly,
7、 thoughtful, thoughtless, wise等。3、常见的不带to的不定式 1）、不定式在某些使役动词及感官动词后作宾语补足语时，可省略to，如let, make, have, see, feel, smell, hear, watch 等 e.g. I heard him say that he was tired of this job.The teacher made him rewrite the homework. 2）、在except, but 之前若有do作实义动词，except, but后一般接不带to 的动词不定式，反之则接带to 的不定式。 e.g. The
8、res nothing to do except wait. We have no choice but to wait. 3）、在下列结构中常用不带to的动词不定式 had better, would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, may（might）as well, can not but, can not help but, do nothing but等 e.g. I would just as soon stay as go with him.4、不定式完成式、进行式、被动式、否定式 1）、完成式 不定式的完成式所表示的动作发生在
9、谓语动词之前，它在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、状语等。 e.g. To have done such a job is very glorious. I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so. 2）、不定式进行式 不定式的进行式表示正在进行的与谓语同时发生的动作，它在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、状语等。 e.g. What he really knows is not when to be beginning the school.Well, its time to be taking exams. 3）、不定式的被动式 e.
10、g. To be warned is a good thing. The monitor let the work be chosen. 4）、不定式的否定式 e.g. He told me not to go there with her.She wished never to see him again. 5、在need, require, want 后接动词不定式作宾语时，内含主动的意思；也可接动名词作宾语，内含被动的意思。 Your hair needs to be cut, would you like me to do it for you? 6、remember, forget
11、，regret 后接动词不定式作宾语时，这些动词的行为先于动词不定式的行为，后接动名词作宾语时，动名词行为先于这些动词的行为。 forget to do sth / forget doing sth try to to sth / try doing sth remember to do sth / remember doing sth regret to do sth / regret doing sth stop to do sth / stop doing sth二、动名词 1、动名词的时态和被动式 1）动名词一般式 表示的动作可与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生e.g. The stude
12、nt had much difficulty in typing the English letter.Im accustomed to rising at seven in the morning. 表示的动作可与谓语动词所发生的动作不同时发生On hearing the news, he was very happy.（发生在谓语动词之前）He is not afraid of losing his job.（发生在谓语动词之前）2) 动名词完成式表示的动作皆发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前He was praised for having taught for 10 years.（havi
13、ng taught 发生在was praised之前） 3）动名词一般式用于被动e.g. Do you remember being introduced to professor Smith during your visit? 4）动名词完成式用于被动式e.g. She has no memory of having been praised. 2动名词的功能1）动名词作主语e.g. Eating too much is not good for your health. Teaching offers something more important than money and pow
14、er.2) 动名词作补语,表语（注：动名词作表语时，主语和表语一般要保持形式上的一致，即主语和表语都要用动名词形式。）例如：Seeing is believingThe difficulty is getting to understand each other really.3) 动名词作及物动词的宾语英语中，一些动词要求用动名词作宾语，常见的这类动词有：admit, consider appreciate, complete, avoid. confess, cant help ,delay, deny, enjoy, mind, escape, miss, evade, permit,
15、postpone, excuse, practice, fancy, quit, favor, recall, finish, forgive, imagine, resent, involve, resume, justify, risk, stand, save, suggest, keep, understand , include等。例如：Would you mind opening the door? Jack admitted having stolen the car. 4）动名词作介词宾语一些动词或形容词后面接介词构成动词短语或形容词短语，它们之后要求用动名词作宾语，实际上所有
16、的“动词或形容词+介词”的结构后面必须用动名词，因为介词后面只能接动名词作宾语。常见的动词短语和形容词短语有：keep on, count on, look forward to, object to, oppose to ,do away with, persist in, dream of, get around to, get down to ,refrain from, resort to ,go in for, insist on, think of, succeed in, put off, be used to, be accustomed to, be keen on , be proud o
