1、英语名词用法详解英语名词用法详解一、单项选择名词1A new _ to teaching languages is being used here, and it has turned out to be very helpful to the students.Aapproach BmeansCmethod Dway【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：教学语言的一个新的方法正在这儿被使用，这证明对学生很有用。这几个词都有“方法”的意思，但是A. approach 后面接to doing；B. means，method，way后面都是of doing，way还可以接不定式。故选A
2、。2On November 11, Alibaba sold more than 210 billion yuan _ goods on its e-commerce platforms T and TMall, making headlines all over the world.Asum of Bvalue forCworth of Dprofit for【答案】C【解析】【详解】考名词短语辨析。A. sum of的总和；B. value for物有所值（多形容质量）；C. worth of值的价值（多用于实际价值）；D. profit for利润为。句意：11月11日，阿里巴巴在其电子
3、商务平台淘宝和天猫上销售了价值2100多亿元的商品，成为全世界的头条新闻。3As for your _ about the shoes, sir, I will speak to the person in charge and ask him either to give you another pair or to give your money back.Acomposition Bcompromise Ccomplaint Dconcept【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词。A. composition作文； B. compromise妥协； C. complaint抱怨； D. co
4、ncept概念。句意：先生，关于你对这双鞋的投诉，我会和负责的人谈谈，让他要么给你另一双鞋，要么把钱还给你。complaint about“对-抱怨”，故选C。4Now that the banks are back on their feet, we expect the extraordinary_ from them to help rebuild the economy.Acategory Bcommitment Ccomponent Dcompetence【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词。A. category 种类； B. commitment承诺，保证； C. componen
5、t成分，组件； D. competence能力，胜任。句意：现在银行已经恢复了元气，我们希望他们能做出非凡的承诺，帮助重建经济。结合句意可知答案为B。5The success of her book has given her high social .Astatus BsculptureCapproval Dfigure【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：她的书的成功给了她很高的社会地位。A. status地位；B. sculpture雕塑；C. approval批准；D. figure数字，根据题意，故选A。6Donald Trump made a _ to the nation
6、 that he would struggle for lower taxes and improve health care after taking office.Acontribution BcommitmentCdevotion Ddonation【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。A. contribution贡献；B. commitment承诺；C. devotion奉献；D. donation捐赠。句意：唐纳德特朗普向全国承诺，他上任后将为降低税收和改善医疗服务而奋斗。故B选项正确。7The Taiyuan subway is under _ and next year it
7、 will be put in use.Aproduction BconstructionCdestination Dpermission【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：太原地铁正在建设中，明年将投入使用。A. production 表示“生产”；B. construction 表示“建设”，be under construction 表示正在建设中；C. destination 表示“目的地”、“终点”；D. permission 表示“允许”、“许可”。故选B。8Yesterday we went to an _ park where we were _ by perform
8、ances that we found _ to watch.Aamusement, amusing, amused Bamusement, amused, amusingCamusing, amused, amusement Damusing, amusing, amusement【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查形容词和名词。句意：昨天我们去了一个有趣的公园，那里的表演让我们很开心，我们觉得很有趣。以后缀 ed结尾的形容词通常用于说明人。以后缀 -ing 结尾的形容词主要用于说明事物。所以第一个空填amusing, 修饰park，第二个空填amused，因为主语为we。而第三个空前的found
9、为及物动词后接名词amusement作宾语。故C选项正确。【点睛】关于-ing形容词与-ed形容词的区别，比较准确的表述应该是：1. 以后缀 ed结尾的形容词(如ashamed, delighted, excited, frightened, interested, moved, pleased, surprised, worried等)通常用于说明人，不用于说明事物，即使它们所修饰的名词是事物，那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人。2. 以后缀 -ing 结尾的形容词(如delighting, exciting, frightening, interesting, moving, surprisi
10、ng, worrying 等)主要用于说明事物，表示事物的性质或特征，若用它们说明人，则表示此人具有此性质或特征。以后缀 ed结尾的形容词通常用于说明人。以后缀 -ing 结尾的形容词主要用于说明事物。所以第一个空填amusing, 修饰park，第二个空填amused，因为主语为we。而第三个空前的found为及物动词后接名词amusement作宾语。故C选项正确。9Somehow Pavels words made sense to Bruno and he resisted the _ to say “Ow” any more, and when Pavel finished apply
11、ing the green liquid he took a bandage from the first-aid box and taped it to the cut.Aconvenience Btrick Cimpression Durge【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：不知怎的，帕维尔的话对布鲁诺来说很有意义，他克制住了想说“噢”的冲动。当帕维尔涂完这种绿色液体后，他从急救箱里拿出一条绷带，把它绑在伤口上。A. convenience方便；B. trick诡计，窍门；C. impression印象；D. urge强烈的欲望。根据句意故选D。10I have absol
12、utely no _ the students who get caught cheating in exams even though they were seriously punished.Aimpact on Bsympathy forCconcern about Dcomplaint about【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查短语辨析。句意：我绝对不同情那些考试作弊被抓的学生，即使他们受到了严厉的惩罚。A. impact on影响；B. sympathy for同情；C. concern about担心；关心；D. complaint about投诉；对抱怨。根据句意可知选B。11Th
13、at party has been in _ for many years and it has showed its _ in dealing with many important problems.Apower；energy Bpower；strengthsCforce；energy Dforce；strengths【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：那个政党已经执政很多年了，并且在处理许多重要问题上显现出了它的优势。in power意为“执政、当权”，故排除C.D。energy意为“能量”， strengths意为“优势”。根据翻译可知B项正确。12The child is
14、so full of _ that he cant keep quiet.Astrength Benergy Cpower Dforce【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：这孩子精力充沛，无法保持安静。A. strength力量；B. energy精力；活力；C. power权利；能力；D. force武力。根据句意故选B。13Charles Darwin explained the _ of species on earth in his book that came out in1859.Aancestor Borigin Cbelief Dcustom【答案】B【解析】【详解】
15、考查名词。句意：查尔斯达尔文在他1859年出版的书中解释了地球上物种的起源。A. ancestor祖先；B. origin起源；C. belief信仰；D. custom习惯，风俗。结合句意可知答案为B。14Some people experience shyness as a _ to communication, but this can be broken down gradually.Aconflict Btaboo Cbarrier Ddelay【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：有些人觉得羞怯成为交际上的障碍,但这是可以逐渐克服的。分析选项：conflict冲突，矛盾;
16、taboo禁忌；barrier屏障; 障碍；delay耽搁; 延迟。可知C符合题意，故选C。15_is Virginia Woolfs most autobiographical novel, which develops a series of thoughts rather than a plot, centering on themes like womens role in society, death and change.AThe Garden Party BThe Green Room CTo the Lighthouse DDaisy Miller【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查
17、名词辨析。句意：到灯塔去是弗吉尼亚伍尔夫最具自传体色彩的小说，它围绕女性在社会中的角色、死亡和变化等主题展开了一系列的思考而非情节的描写。A. The Garden Party花园聚会；B. The Green Room候场室；C. To the Lighthouse 到灯塔去；D. Daisy Miller黛西米勒。由“Virginia Woolf”可知，Virginia Woolf是To the Lighthouse到灯塔去的作者。故选C项。16The principals opening _ at the new years party threw the students into e
18、xcitement.Aethic BremarksCattention Dpossessions【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：校长在新年晚会上的开场白使学生们兴奋不已。A. ethic伦理； B. remarks评论；C. attention注意力；D. possessions财产，根据题意，故选B。17Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _Aconsequence BindependenceCcompetence Dintellig
19、ence【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：老师们要不断地更新自己的知识以保持他们能够胜任工作的能力。A. consequence 结果； B. independence独立； C. competence 资格，能力，胜任，称职 ；D. intelligence 智力。根据句意，C项符合此处语境。故选C。18While many Brits like nothing better than spending their Sunday cutting the grass, some are happy just to sit under the _ of the trees and
20、 enjoy the beauty of the world.AatmosphereBbranchesCcampusDstrength【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：虽然许多英国人最喜欢的莫过于在周日割草，但有些人却乐于坐在树枝下欣赏世界的美景。A. atmosphere气氛，氛围；B. branches树枝，纸条；C. campus校园；D. strength力气。分析句子可知，人们应该是坐在树枝下欣赏美景。故选B。19The suspect was declared innocent for_of convincing evidence.Alack Babsence Cconfu
21、sion Dunawareness【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析及固定搭配。A. lack缺乏；B. absence缺席，缺勤；C. confusion混淆，困惑；D. unawareness无意识。此句是指“嫌疑犯因缺乏（for lack of）令人信服的证据而被宣布无罪”。for lack of为固定搭配，意为“因而没有，因缺乏”。分析语境可知，此处选A。20I would like to thank all of you who made the effort. It is a relief that employees so clearly show their _ to th
22、eir job. Thank you.Adevotion Bapplication Cconnection Dinvitation【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我要感谢所有付出努力的人。员工们如此热爱自己的工作让人感到欣慰。谢谢。A. devotion奉献，专心；B. application申请；C. connection联系；D. invitation邀请。devotion to 意为“献身于，热爱”，因此使用devotion符合句意，故选A。21If you have a good _ of English, it is easier for you to find a
23、 job there.Acontrol Bcommand Cconquer Drequest【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你英语说得很好，那么在那儿找工作就更容易了。A.control控制；B. command 掌握；C. conquer征服；D. request请求。have a good command of 是固定搭配，意为“能驾御，很会”，have a good command of English，意为“能自由地使用英语”，符合句意，故选B。22Ever since their quarrel, there has been an unpleasant in
24、the office.Acircumstance Batmosphere Csurroundings Dconsequence【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：自从他们吵架以来，办公室里一直有一种不愉快的气氛。A. circumstance环境，状况；B. atmosphere大气，气氛；C. surroundings环境；D. consequence结果，后果。因为有人争吵，因此办公室的气氛和氛围不好，故选atmosphere合乎句意。故选B。23Lao Gan Ma is the best chilli sauce in China. The company built up it
25、s_by constantly providing high-quality products at a relatively low price.Areputation Bcampaign Cappetite Doccupation【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：老干妈是中国最好的辣椒酱。该公司通过不断以较低的价格提供高质量的产品而建立了自己的声誉。A. reputation名誉；B. campaign运动；C. appetite胃口；D. occupation职业，占有。由“by constantly providing high-quality products at
26、a relatively low price”可知，reputation“名誉”符合句意。故选A。24Children should not see the films full of violent (暴力的) .Asights Bviews Csigns Dscenes【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：孩子们不应该看充满暴力的电影场景。A. sights景象；B. views风景；看法；C. signs迹象；D. scenes场面；（戏剧的）一场。根据上文“the films full of violent ”可推断，此处指“电影中的场景”。故选D。【点睛】scene，view
27、，sight，sign的区别。1. sight则既可以指场景、眼前看到的景观，又可以指名胜、风景，但表示后者的含义时，习惯上要用复数。如：The sight was quite amusing. 这景象使人感到有趣。We saw the sights of Hong Kong by bus. 我们乘公共汽车观看香港的风景。Mary walked round the town, looking at the sights. 玛丽在城里到处转，逛各处景点。2. view主要指从某处看到的东西或景象，有时也指“风景”，尤指自然美景（fine natural scenery）。如：From the w
28、indow there was a clear view of the mountains. 从窗户往外看是一览无余的群山。The view makes this a good location for a house. 景观使得此处成为建房的好地点。The view was wonderful. If Id had a camera, I would have taken some photographs. 风景好极了，要是我带有照相机，我就照几张像了。3. scene 多指某一特定或具体场面所表示的“景色”、“场景”等，可以是室内的也可以是室外的、可以是城市的也可以是乡村的、可以是活动的也
29、可以是静态的等。如：There are some pretty scenes in the park. 公园里有几处美丽的景色。As he entered the room, he was confronted by a scene of disorder. 他进入房间，面对的是一幅乱糟糟的场面。4. sign 是符号，手势，迹象，指示牌的意思。Headaches may be a sign of stress.头痛可能是紧张的迹象。The sign on the wall said Now wash your hands .墙上的牌子上写着“请洗手”。25One of the Disney
30、cartoon characters, Donald Duck, is always quick to find _ with others and brings laugher to people of all ages.Amistake Berror Cblame Dfault【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：迪士尼的卡通人物之一唐老鸭总是急着去挑别人的毛病，给各个年龄段的人带来笑声。A. mistake错误；B. error错误；C. blame责备；D. fault缺点、毛病。find fault with sb是固定搭配，表示“挑某人毛病”，故D项正确。26If you feel any_ in your neck, put a towel under your head for support when sleeping.Atension Babortion Csubmission Ddimension【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你感到颈部肌肉紧张，睡觉时放一个毛巾在头下垫着。A. tension 紧张(在句中表示颈部肌肉紧张)；B. abortion 堕胎；C. submission 屈服、提交；D. dimension 方面、维度。结合句意可知，此处用“颈部
