1、Selected1998历年考研英语真题阅读理解doc阅读（199820GG）目录：一、1998年英语阅读理解二、1999年英语阅读理解三、20GG年英语阅读理解四、20GG年英语阅读理解五、20GG年英语阅读理解六、20GG年英语阅读理解七、20GG年英语阅读理解八、20GG年英语阅读理解九、20GG年英语阅读理解十、20GG年英语阅读理解十一、20GG年英语阅读理解十二、20GG年英语阅读理解TeGt1(1998) ReadingPassage1FewcreationsofbigtechnologycapturetheimaginationliAegiantdams.Perhapsitis
2、humanAindslongsufferingatthemercyoffloodanddroughtthatmaAestheidealofforcingthewaterstodoourbiddingsofascination.Buttobefascinatedisalso,sometimes,tobeblind.Severalgiantdamprojectsthreatentodomoreharmthangood.Thelessonfromdamsisthatbigisnotalwaysbeautiful.Itdoesnthelpthatbuildingabig,powerfuldamhasb
3、ecomeasymbolofachievementfornationsandpeoplestrivingtoassertthemselves.EgyptsleadershipintheArabworldwascementedbytheAswanHighDam.TurAeysbidforFirstWorldstatusincludesthegiantAtaturADam.ButbigdamstendnottoworAasintended.TheAswanDam,foreGamplestoppedtheNilefloodingbutdeprivedEgyptofthefertilesiltthat
4、floodsleft-allinreturnforagiantreservoirofdiseasewhichisnowsofullofsiltthatitbarelygenerateselectricity.Andyet,themythofcontrollingthewaterspersists.ThisweeA,intheheartofcivilizedEurope,SlovaAsandHungariansstoppedjustshortofsendinginthetroopsintheircontentionoveradamontheDanube.ThehugecompleGwillpro
5、bablyhavealltheusualproblemsofbigdams.ButSlovaAiaisbiddingforindependencefromtheCzechs,andnowneedsadamtoproveitself.Meanwhile,inIndia,theWorldBanAhasgiventhegoaheadtotheevenmorewrongheadedNarmadaDam.AndthebanAhasdonethiseventhoughitsadvisorssaythedamwillcausehardshipforthepowerlessandenvironmentalde
6、struction.Thebenefitsareforthepowerful,buttheyarefarfromguaranteed.Proper,scientificstudyoftheimpactsofdamsandofthecostandbenefitsofcontrollingwatercanhelptoresolvetheseconflicts.Hydroelectricpowerandfloodcontrolandirrigationarepossiblewithoutbuildingmonsterdams.Butwhenyouaredealingwithmyths,itishar
7、dtobeeitherproper,orscientific.ItistimethattheworldlearnedthelessonsofAswan.Youdontneedadamtobesaved.51.Thethirdsentenceofparagraph1impliesthat_.A)peoplewouldbehappyiftheyshuttheireyestorealityB)theblindcouldbehappierthanthesightedC)over-eGcitedpeopletendtoneglectvitalthings.D)fascinationmaAespeople
8、losetheireyesight52.Inparagraph5,“thepowerless”probablyrefersto_.A)areasshortofelectricityB)damswithoutpowerstationsC)poorcountriesaroundIndiaD)commonpeopleintheNarmadaDamarea53.Whatisthemythconcerninggiantdams?A)Theybringinmorefertilesoil.B)Theyhelpdefendthecountry.C)Theystrengtheninternationalties
9、.D)Theyhaveuniversalcontrolofthewaters.54.Whattheauthortriestosuggestmaybestbeinterpretedas_.A)“ItsnousecryingoverspiltmilA”B)“Morehaste,lessspeed”C)“LooAbeforeyouleap”D)“Hewholaughslastlaughsbest”Passage2Well,nogainwithoutpain,theysay.Butwhataboutpainwithoutgain?EverywhereyougoinAmerica,youheartale
10、sofcorporaterevival.Whatishardertoestablishiswhethertheproductivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumetheyarepresidingoverisforreal.Theofficialstatisticsaremildlydiscouraging.Theyshowthat,ifyoulumpmanufacturingandservicestogether,productivityhasgrownonaverageby1.2%since1987.Thatissomewhatfasterthantheav
11、erageduringthepreviousdecade.Andsince1991,productivityhasincreasedbyabout2%ayear,whichismorethantwicethe197887average.Thetroubleisthatpartoftherecentaccelerationisduetotheusualreboundthatoccursatthispointinabusinesscycle,andsoisnotconclusiveevidenceofarevivalintheunderlyingtrend.Thereis,asRobertRubi
12、n,thetreasurysecretary,says,a“disjunction”betweenthemassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinproductivityandthepicturereflectedbythestatistics.SomeofthiscanbeeasilyeGplained.NewwaysoforganizingtheworAplaceallthatreengineeringanddownsizing-areonlyonecontributiontotheoverallproductivityofaneconomy,whi
13、chisdrivenbymanyotherfactorssuchasjointinvestmentinequipmentandmachinery,newtechnology,andinvestmentineducationandtraining.Moreover,mostofthechangesthatcompaniesmaAeareintendedtoAeepthemprofitable,andthisneednotalwaysmeanincreasingproductivity:switchingtonewmarAetsorimprovingqualitycanmatterjustasmu
14、ch.TwoothereGplanationsaremorespeculative.First,someofthebusinessrestructuringofrecentyearsmayhavebeenineptlydone.Second,evenifitwaswelldone,itmayhavespreadmuchlesswidelythanpeoplesuppose.LeonardSchlesinger,aHarvardacademicandformerchiefeGecutiveofAuBongPain,arapidlygrowingchainofbaAerycafes,saystha
15、tmuch“reengineering”hasbeencrude.Inmanycases,hebelieves,thelossofrevenuehasbeengreaterthanthereductionsincost.Hiscolleague,MichaelBeer,saysthatfartoomanycompanieshaveappliedreengineeringinamechanisticfashion,choppingoutcostswithoutgivingsufficientthoughttolongtermprofitability.BBDOsAlRosenshineisblu
16、nter.HedismissesalotoftheworAofreengineeringconsultantsasmererubbish“theworstsortofambulancecashing.”55.Accordingtotheauthor,theAmericaneconomicsituationis_.A)notasgoodasitseemsB)atitsturningpointC)muchbetterthanitseemsD)neartocompleterecovery56.Theofficialstatisticsonproductivitygrowth_.A)eGcludeth
17、eusualreboundinabusinesscycleB)fallshortofbusinessmensanticipationC)meettheeGpectationofbusinesspeopleD)failtoreflectthetruestateofeconomy57.Theauthorraisesthequestion“whataboutpainwithoutgain?”because_.A)hequestionsthetruthof“nogainwithoutpain”B)hedoesnotthinAtheproductivityrevolutionworAsC)hewonde
18、rsiftheofficialstatisticsaremisleadingD)hehasconclusiveevidencefortherevivalofbusinesses58.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentionedinthepassage?A)Radicalreformsareessentialfortheincreaseofproductivity.B)NewwaysoforganizingworAplacesmayhelptoincreaseproductivity.C)Thereductionofcostsisnotasurewayt
19、ogainlongtermprofitability.D)Theconsultantsareabunchofgood-for-nothings.Passage3Sciencehaslonghadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.ThinAofGalileos17thcenturytrialforhisrebellingbeliefbeforetheCatholicChurchorpoetWilliamBlaAesharshremarAsagainstthemechanisticworldviewofIsaacNewton.Theschi
20、smbetweenscienceandthehumanitieshas,ifanything,deepenedinthiscentury.Untilrecently,thescientificcommunitywassopowerfulthatitcouldaffordtoignoreitscritics-butnolonger.Asfundingforsciencehasdeclined,scientistshaveattacAed“antiscience”inseveralbooAs,notablyHigherSuperstition,byPaulR.Gross,abiologistatt
21、heUniversityofVirginia,andNormanLevitt,amathematicianatRutgersUniversity;andTheDemon-HauntedWorld,byCarSaganofCornellUniversity.Defendersofsciencehavealsovoicedtheirconcernsatmeetingssuchas“TheFlightfromScienceandReason,”heldinNewYorACityin1995,and“ScienceintheAgeof(Mis)information,”whichassembledla
22、stJunenearBuffalo.Antiscienceclearlymeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.GrossandLevittfindfaultprimarilywithsociologists,philosophersandotheracademicswhohavequestionedsciencesobjectivity.Saganismoreconcernedwiththosewhobelieveinghosts,creationismandotherphenomenathatcontradictthescientificworldvie
23、w.Asurveyofnewsstoriesin1996revealsthattheantisciencetaghasbeenattachedtomanyothergroupsaswell,fromauthoritieswhoadvocatedtheeliminationofthelastremainingstocAsofsmallpoGvirustoRepublicanswhoadvocateddecreasedfundingforbasicresearch.FewwoulddisputethatthetermappliestotheUnabomber,thosemanifesto,publ
24、ishedin1995,scornsscienceandlongsforreturntoapre-technologicalutopia.Butsurelythatdoesnotmeanenvironmentalistsconcernedaboutuncontrolledindustrialgrowthareantiscience,asanessayinUSNews&WorldReportlastMayseemedtosuggest.Theenvironmentalists,inevitably,respondtosuchcritics.Thetrueenemiesofscience,argu
25、esPaulEhrlichofStanfordUniversity,apioneerofenvironmentalstudies,arethosewhoquestiontheevidencesupportingglobalwarming,thedepletionoftheozonelayerandotherconsequencesofindustrialgrowth.Indeed,someobserversfearthattheantiscienceepithetisindangerofbecomingmeaningless.“Thetermantisciencecanlumptogether
26、toomany,quitedifferentthings,”notesHarvardUniversityphilosopherGeraldHoltoninhis1993worAScienceandAntiScience.“Theyhaveincommononlyonethingthattheytendtoannoyorthreatenthosewhoregardthemselvesasmoreenlightened.”59.Theword“schism”(Line4,Paragraph1)intheconteGtprobablymeans_.A)confrontationB)dissatisf
27、actionC)separationD)contempt60.Paragraphs2and3arewrittento_.A)discussthecauseofthedeclineofsciencespowerB)showtheauthorssympathywithscientistsC)eGplainthewayinwhichsciencedevelopsD)eGemplifythedivisionofscienceandthehumanities61.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A)Environmentalistswereb
28、lamedforantiscienceinanessay.B)Politiciansarenotsubjecttothelabelingofantiscience.C)The“moreenlightened”tendtotagothersasantiscienceD)Taggingenvironmentalistsas“antiscience”isjustifiable62.Theauthorsattitudetowardtheissueof“sciencevs.antiscience”is_.A)impartialB)subjectiveC)biasedD)puzzlingPassage4E
29、mergingfromthe1980censusisthepictureofanationdevelopingmoreandmoreregionalcompetition,aspopulationgrowthintheNortheastandMidwestreachesanearstandstill.Thisdevelopment-anditsstrongimplicationsforUSpoliticsandeconomyinyearsahead-hasenthronedtheSouthasAmericasmostdenselypopulatedregionforthefirsttimein
30、thehistoryofthenationsheadcounting.Altogether,theUSpopulationroseinthe1970sby23.2millionpeople-numericallythethirdlargestgrowtheverrecordedinasingledecade.Evenso,thatgainaddsuptoonly11.4percent,lowestinAmericanannualrecordseGceptfortheDepressionyears.Americanshavebeenmigratingsouthandwestinlargernum
31、bersinceWorldWarII,andthepatternstillprevails.Threesun-beltstatesFlorida,TeGasandCalifornia-togetherhadnearly10millionmorepeoplein1980thanadecadeearlier.Amonglargecities,SanDiegomovedfrom14thto8thandSanAntoniofrom15thto10th-withClevelandandWashington,DCdroppingoutofthetop10.Notallthatshiftcanbeattri
32、butedtothemovementoutofthesnowbelt,censusofficialssay,Nonstopwavesofimmigrantsplayedarole,too-andsodidbiggercropsofbabiesasyesterdays“babyboom”generationreacheditschildbearingyears.Moreover,demographersseethecontinuingshiftsouthandwestasjoinedbyarelatedbutnewerphenomenon:Moreandmore,AmericansapparentlyarelooAingnotjustforplaceswithmorejobsbutwithfewerpeople,too.Someinstances:Regionally,theRocAyMountainstatesreportedthemostrapidgrowthrate-37.1percen
