1、高考英语 阅读理解 培优练习含答案及答案一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读理解 Every year migratory(迁徙的) bats travel from Mexico to Bracken Cave, where they spend the summer consuming insects that would otherwise hungrily eat common food crops. But the bats have been showing up far earlier than they did two decades ago. In a study, scientist
2、s at Rothamsted Research, an agricultural laboratory in England, used radar data from 160 U.S. weather stations to analyze activity in the Texas bat colony from 1995 through 2017. They discovered the creatures were leaving their winter quarters in Mexico earlier and reproducing sooner. They were als
3、o astonished to find increasing numbers of bats overwintering(过冬) at Bracken Cave instead of heading back to their cold weather quarters in Mexico. Overwintering is a sign that warmer temperatures change the bats annual rhythms, Rothamsted biologist Phillip Stepanian says. A separate study of migrat
4、ory bats in Indiana, published last year, found that temperature variations affected arrival and departure timeslikewise hinting at the potential influence of climate change. Joy OKeefe, a biology professor at Indiana State University and co-author of that study, says early arrival at their summer h
5、abitats(栖息地) could expose these bats to cold snaps(寒流), and they could freeze to death. Joy OKeefe and her colleagues also found that changing bat migration times can also clash with rainfall patterns. Many insects that bats eat breed in seasonal lakes and puddles. If the bats arrive too early to be
6、nefit from summer rainfall and the resulting abundance of insects they may struggle to feed their pups(幼崽) or skip reproduction altogether, OKeefe says. She fears this shift could cause Midwestern bats to decrease toward extinction, which would be bad news for humans. Declines in bat populations cou
7、ld have severe effects for crop success, she says, adding that bats also control significant disease vectors, such as mosquitoes. However, scientists are not certain that climate change alone is causing the Bracken Cave bat colony to migrate earlier. They have found a direct link between seasonal te
8、mperatures and bird migration, but bats are also influenced by factors such as changes in wind speed and direction. And there are other complications. “Bats are mysterious little animals that move mostly at night and are difficult to observe and track, Stepanian says. We have this conceptual picture
9、 of what might be happening, but really tying it to the cause is the next step.（1）Scientists at Rothamsted Research found that _. A.bats prefer colder weatherB.bats delay their reproductionC.warming affects bat migrationD.radar can be used to observe bats（2）Joy OKeefe discovered that _. A.bats are u
10、sed to living in rainfall seasonsB.bats earlier migration might harm farmingC.insects reproduction helps to spread diseaseD.insects shortage makes bats reproduce earlier（3）What does the last paragraph want to tell us? A.Wind speed and direction affect bats.B.It is difficult to observe and track bats
11、.C.Climate change makes bats migrate earlier.D.Further research on the cause is necessary.（4）What is the best title for the passage? A.Bats habitatsB.Endangered batsC.Bats scheduleD.Bats, our good friends【答案】 （1）C（2）B（3）D（4）C 【解析】【分析】 【点评】本文是一篇说明文，作者先提出蝙蝠迁徙提前的这种现象，然后分析了这种现象可能导致的后果，最后分析了可能导致蝙蝠迁徙提前的原因
12、。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Overwintering is a sign that warmer temperatures change the bats annual rhythms, Rothamsted biologist Phillip Stepanian says.”罗斯泰德的生物学家菲利普斯捷潘尼安说，越冬是气温升高改变蝙蝠年度节律的一个标志，可知，蝙蝠越冬的方式是一个迹象，这表明了气温上升改变了它们每年的迁徙规律。故选C。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“If the bats arrive too early to benefit from summer ra
13、infall and the resulting abundance of insects, they may struggle to feed their pups(幼崽) or skip reproduction altogether, OKeefe says. She fears this shift could cause Midwestern bats to decrease toward extinction, which would be bad news for humans. “Declines in bat populations could have severe eff
14、ects for crop success, she says”奥基夫说，如果蝙蝠来得太早，无法从夏季降雨和由此产生的大量昆虫中获益，它们可能难以喂养幼崽，或者完全跳过繁殖。她担心这种转变可能会导致中西部蝙蝠走向灭绝，这对人类来说是个坏消息。“蝙蝠数量的减少可能对作物的成功产生严重影响，”她说，可知，蝙蝠过早地迁徙会因为缺少食物，导致喂养幼仔的困难，或者跳过繁殖期，这将导致蝙蝠数量减少，害虫增加，从而对农作物产生影响。由此可知，乔伊奥基夫发现，蝙蝠过早的迁徙可能会危害农业。故选B。 （3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“However, scientists are not certain t
15、hat climate change alone is causing the Bracken Cave bat colony to migrate earlier.”然而，科学家们还不能确定仅仅是气候变化就导致了蕨类洞穴蝙蝠群落更早的迁徙；及“Bats are mysterious little animals that move mostly at night and are difficult to observe and track,” Stepanian says. “We have this conceptual picture of what might be happening
16、, but really tying it to the cause is the next step.”斯捷潘尼安说：“蝙蝠是神秘的小动物，大多在夜间活动，很难观察和追踪。”。“我们对可能发生的事情有一个概念性的描述，但真正将其与原因联系起来还需要进一步的研究。”可推知，对蝙蝠迁徙提前的原因还需要进一步的研究。故选D。 （4）考查主旨大意。作者通过第一段中的“But the bats have been showing up far earlier than they did two decades ago.”但是蝙蝠出现的时间比20年前要早得多）提出蝙蝠迁徙提前的这种现象，然后分析了这种现
17、象可能导致的后果，最后分析了可能导致蝙蝠迁徙提前的原因。由此可知，本文主要围绕蝙蝠的迁徙时间变化展开介绍分析。由此可知选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解 The negative (负面的) health effects of sleep shortages during the week cant be changed by marathon weekend sleep sessions, according to a n
18、ew study. Researchers have long known that routine sleep deprivation (缺乏) can cause weight gain and increase other health risks, including diabetes. But there are still some people who hope that shutting off the alarm on Saturday and Sunday will repay the weekly sleep debt and remove any ill effects
19、. The research, published in Current Biology, ruins those hopes. Despite complete freedom to sleep in and nap during a weekend recovery period, participants in a sleep laboratory who were limited to five hours of sleep on weekdays gained nearly three pounds over two weeks and experienced metabolic d
20、isruption (代谢紊乱) that would increase their risk for diabetes over the long term. While weekend recovery sleep had some benefits after a single week of inadequate sleep, those gains were wiped out when people returned right to their same sleep schedule the next Monday. If there are benefits of catch-
21、up sleep, theyre gone when you go back to your routine. Its very short-lived, said Kenneth Wright, who led the research. These health effects are long-term. Its kind of like smoking once was people would smoke and wouldnt see an immediate effect on their health, but people will say now that smoking
22、is not a healthy lifestyle choice. I think sleep is in the early stage of where smoking used to be. Wright said that the study suggests people should prioritize sleep cutting out the optional sleep stealers such as watching television shows or spending time on electronic equipment. Even when people
23、dont have a choice about losing sleep due to child-care responsibilities or job schedules, they should think about prioritizing sleep in the same way they would think about a healthy diet or exercise.（1）What had the researchers already known before doing the new research? A.The actual benefits of we
24、ekend recovery sleep.B.Harm to health caused by the lack of routine sleep.C.Peoples habit of shutting off the alarm during holidays.D.The relationship between body weight and sleep amount.（2）Kenneth Wright mentioned smoking to _. A.call on smokers to completely abandon smokingB.advise people to go t
25、o sleep when they want to smokeC.show people have known the harm brought by smokingD.show people will someday notice the bad effects of sleep deprivation（3）What does the underlined word prioritize probably mean? A.Have a low opinion of something.B.Increase the amount of something.C.Cut down somethin
26、g that isnt necessary any more.D.Treat something as being more important than others.（4）What can be the best title for the text? A.Weekend Catch-up Sleep Is a LieB.Bad Sleep Habits Are Harmful to HealthC.A New Study Has an Unexpected DiscoveryD.Advantages and Disadvantages of Catch-up Sleep【答案】 （1）B
27、（2）D（3）D（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者通过一项研究与对比举例的方法让大家明白周末马拉松式的“补觉”并不能扭转工作日睡眠不足对健康的负面影响。人们应该把睡眠放在优先地位。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Researchers have long known that routine sleep deprivation (缺乏) can cause weight gain and increase other health risks, including diabetes”研究人员很早就知道长期的睡眠缺乏会导致体重增加和像糖尿病这样的健康风险，可知，人们很早就知道
28、长期睡眠不足会给身体带来的危害。故选B。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中Kenneth Wright说的最后两句话可知：长期睡眠不足给健康造成的危害是长期的，就像曾经的抽烟习惯一样人们抽烟，没有看到立即的效应，但是现在人们会说抽烟是不健康的生活方式。睡眠不足就像是早期的抽烟一样。也就是说作者用这个比喻是想让大家知道终究会有一天人们会注意到睡眠不足带来的坏处。故选D。 （3）考查词义猜测。划线单词后有一个破折后，起解释说明的作用。由破折后的句意：减少不必要的“睡眠小偷”式行为，比如看电视节目或者花时间在电子设备上。可知，我们需要把睡眠放在优先的地位。也就是说要把睡眠看的比看电视节目、看电子设备
29、等等这些行为更重要。故选D。 （4）考查主旨大意。第一段就说明了文章中心。第一段段意为：一项发人深省的新研究表明，周末马拉松式的“补觉”并不能扭转工作日睡眠不足对健康的负面影响。也就是说周末的补觉是一个谎言。故选A。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解 Mars(火星) appears to be flowing with small streams of salty water, at least in the summ
30、er, scientists reported Monday. It suggests that it would be possible for there to be life today on Mars, NASAs science mission chief, John Grunsfeld, said at a news conference on September 28, 2015. The streams are about 12 to 15 feet wide and 300 feet or more long, scientists said. What were deali
31、ng with is wet soil, thin layers of wet soil, not standing water, said Aifred McEwen of the University of Arizona at Tueson, the principal scientist for the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiters high-resolution imaging experiment. Because liquid water is essential to life, the findings could have major impli
32、cations for the possibility of Martian life. The researchers said further exploration is needed to determine whether microscopic life exists on the planet. The presence of liquid water could also make life easier for astronauts visiting or living on Mars. Water could be used for drinking and for creating oxyg
