1、牛津上海版高一英语上册同步教案 第1讲 句子成分与句子结构分析授课日期时间A / B / C / D / E / F段主题句子成分与句子结构分析学习目标1.了解句子结构分析在高中英语学习中重要性；2.熟练掌握句子成分与句子结构分析。教学内容此环节设计时间在15分钟。教学建议：（1） 让学生讨论的形式，了解初高中考点差异（2） 了解学习句子成分及句子结构分析的意义。学习句子成分及句子结构分析不仅用在语法题目中，在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解长难句；在书面表达中，没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。（3） 提问我们学过那些句子成分，并举例说明。“当时的他是最好的
2、他，后来的我是最好的我。可是最好的我们之间，隔了一整个青春。怎么奔跑也跨不过的青春，只好伸出手道别。”过了这个暑假你们就像“最好的我们”这部剧里面的男主女主一样，都是高中生了，首先让我们了解一下初高中有哪些题型差异。2017年中考英语 (High School Entrance Examination)Listening 30%A 选图片: 1*6=6B 短对话: 1*8=8C 判断对错:1*6=8D 短文填空:1*10=10Phonetics, Grammar and Vocabulary 50%A 单选: 1*20=20B 五选四: 1*8=8C 词型转换:1*8=8D 句型转换:2*7=
3、14Reading 50%A 阅读单选: 2*6=12 B 完型填空: 2*6=12C 首字母填空:2*7=14D 回答问题: 2*6=12Writing 20%2017年高考英语(College Entrance Examination)Listening 25%A短对话:1*10=10B语篇题:1.5*6=9C长对话:1.5*4=6 Grammar & Vocabulary 20%A语法填空题:1*10=10 B十一选十:1*10=10Reading 45%A完形填空:1*15=15B阅读理解3篇:2*11=22C六选四:2*4=8 Translation 15%3+3+4+5=15Wri
4、ting 35%概要写作10指导写作25Spoken English 10%此环节教案建议时间为60分钟。教学建议：此部分记忆性的知识比较多，有部分是学生已经掌握的，建议老师采取提问的方式，或者采取先练习再讲解的方式，了解学生掌握情况，然后针对知识漏洞进行强调。知识点1：句子的成分构成句子的基本成分叫做句子成分。句子成分可分为主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，同位语。它们可以由单词来担任，也可以由词组，以及句子来担任。【知识梳理1】主语：指一个句子的主题，是句子所述说的主体。它一般位于句首。可用作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。1名词用作主语。如：A tree has fallen acr
5、oss the road. 一棵树倒下横在路上。2代词用作主语。如：Youre not far wrong. 你差不多对了。3数词用作主语。如：Three is enough. 三个就够了。Four from seven leaves three. 7减4余3。4名词化的形容词用作主语。如：The idle are forced to work. 懒汉被迫劳动。Old and young marched side by side. 老少并肩而行。5副词用作主语。如：Now is the time. 现在是时候了。Carefully does it. 小心就行。6名词化的介词用作主语。如：The
6、 ups and downs of life must be taken as they come. 我们必须承受人生之沉浮。7不定式用作主语。如：To find your way can be a problem.你能否找到路可能是一个问题。It would be nice to see him again. 如能见到他，那将是一件愉快的事。8动名词用作主语。如：Smoking is bad for you. 吸烟对你有害。Watching a film is pleasure, making one is hard work. 看电影是乐事，制作影片则是苦事。9名词化的过去分词用作主语。如
7、：The disabled are to receive more money. 残疾人将得到更多的救济金。The deceased died of old age. 死者死于年老。10. 介词短语用作主语。如：To Beijing is not very far. 到北京不很远。From Yanan to Nanniwan was a three-hour ride on horseback. 从延安到南泥湾要三个小时。11.从句用作主语。如: Whenever you are ready will be fine. 你无论什么时候准备好都行。Because Sally wants to l
8、eave doesnt mean that we have to. 12.句子用作主语。如：”How do you do?” is a greeting. “你好”是一句问候语。练习：指出下列句子中主语的中心词1.The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. 2.There is an old man coming here. 3.The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. 4.To do todays homework without
9、the teachers help is very difficult. 5. The officials sent to the remote area has made great contributions to the local development.Keys: 1.teacher 2.man 3.dictionary 4.To do 5. officials【知识梳理2】谓语(predicate) 或谓语动词(predicate verb) 的位置一般在主语之后。1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.2、
10、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.1由简单的动词构成。(1). What happened? 发生了什么事？(2). He worked hard all day today. 他今天苦干了一天。(3). The plane took off at ten oclock. 飞机是十点起飞的。2由动词短语构成的谓语。(1). I am reading. 我在看书。(2). Whats b
11、een keeping you all this time? 这半天你在干什么来着？(3). You can do it if you try hard. 你努力就可以做到。3英语常用某些动作名词代替表动态的谓语动词，表生动。这种动作名词之前常用没有多大意义的动词have, get, take, give 等。如：(1). I had a swim yesterday. 我昨天游了一次水（had a swim 代替了swam）(2). Take a look at that! 你看看那个！（take a look 代替了 look）(3). He gave a sigh. 他叹了口气。（gav
12、e a sigh 代替了sighed）(4). I got a good shake-up.我受到了很大的震动。（a good shake-up 代替了was shaken up thoroughly(充分，彻底的)）练习：选出句中谓语的中心词1.I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall 2.The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer 3.Do you usually
13、go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus 4. There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon 5. Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast 6. Tom didnt do his homework yesterday. A. Tom B. di
14、dnt C. do D. his homework7. What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is 8.We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor 9. He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. in D. music 10. Whom did you give my book to? A. give B. did C. whom D. book keys：1.B2.A
15、 3.C 4.A5.C 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.A 10.A【知识梳理3】宾语（object）在句中主要充当动作的承受者，因此一般皆置于及物动词之后。如： Our team beat all the others. 我们的球队打败了所有其他球队。可以用作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、名词化的分词、从句等。1Do you fancy a drink? 你想喝一杯吗？（名词）2They wont hurt us. 他们不会伤害我们。（代词）3If you add 5 to 5, you get 10. 5加5等于10。（数词）。4I shall do my
16、possible. 我将尽力而为。（名词化形容词）5He left there last week. 他上个星期离开了那里。（副词）6Does she really mean to leave home? 她真的要离开家吗？（不定式）7He never did the unexpected. 他从不做使人感到意外的事。（名词化的分词）8Do you understand what I mean? 你明白我的意思吗？（从句）注意：宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），具有这种双宾语的及物动词常用的有：answer, bring, buy, do, find, get, give, han
17、d, keep, leave, lend, make, offer, owe, pass, pay, play, promise, read, save, sell, send, show, sing, take 等；例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），常见动词有make、find、see等；例如：They elected him their monitor.练习1：挑出下列句子中的宾语1.My brotherhasntdonehis homework. A B C D 2.Peopleall over the world spe
18、ak English. A B CD 3.You must pay goodattention to yourpronunciation. A B C D 4.How many new wordsdidyoulearn last class? A BC D 5.Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? A B C D 6.The old man sitting at the gatesaidhe was ill. A BC D 7.Theymadehimmonitor of the class.
19、 AB C D 8.Go across the bridge and you will findthe museum on the left. A B C D9.You will find ituseful after youleave school. ABCD 10. Theydidnt knowwho Father Christmas really is. A B C Dkeys：1.D 2.D 3.B4.A 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.D练习2：划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语1.Please tell usa story.2.My father bought a new
20、bike for me last week. 3.Mr. Li is going to teach ushistory next term. 4.Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.5.Did he leave any message for me? keys：1.us 间接宾语,a story直接宾语2.me 间接宾语, a new bike直接宾语3.us 间接宾语, history直接宾语4.Tom 间接宾语, it直接宾语5.me 间接宾语,message, 直接宾语【知识梳理:4】表语的功能是表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。它也可以说是一种主语补语。它位于联系动
21、词之后，与之构成所谓的系表结构。在系表结构钟，联系动词只是形式上的谓语，而真正起谓语作用的则是表语。可以作表语的词有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句等。1The wedding was that Sunday. 婚礼是在那个星期天举行的。（名词）2So thats that. 就是这样。（代词）3We are seven. 我们一共7人。（数词）4Are you busy? 你有空吗？（形容词）5Are you there? 你在听吗？（电话用语）（副词） Is anybody in? 里面有人吗？（副词）6All I could do was to wa
22、it. 我只能等待。（不定式） My answer to his threat was to hit him on the nose. 我对他的威胁的回答是照他的鼻子打去。（不定式）7Complimenting is lying. 恭维就是说谎。（动名词） Is that asking so much? 这是要的高了吗？（动名词）8I was so much surprised at it. 我对此事感到很惊讶。（过分） Im very pleased with what he has done. 我对他所做的很满意。（过分）9She is in good health. 她很健康。（介词短语
23、） The show is from seven till ten. 演出时间为7点至10点。（介词短语）10Is that why you were angry? 这就是你发怒的原因吗？（从句）11This is where I first met her. 这就是我初次与她会面的地方。（从句）注意：能做系动词的实义动词：come , go , run, turn ,get , become , keep , stay , make (表变化的动词) feel，sound ,smell , look , taste （感观动词）seem, appear (似乎，好像) 例如：1.Our dr
24、eam has come true. 我的梦想实现了。2. He fell sick. 他病了。 Keep fit.保重。 Keep作为系动词还常接quiet ，calm ，cool， well， warm ，silent，clean，dry 3.The well ran dry. 这口井干枯了。4.A thin person always seems to be taller than he really is. 一个瘦个子似乎比他的实际高度要高些。练习：找出下列句子中的表语1. The old manwasfeeling very tired. A BC D 2. Why is hewor
25、riedaboutJim? AB CD 3. The leaveshaveturnedyellow. A BC D 4. Soon They all becameinterestedin the subject.A B CD 5. She wasthe firstto learnabout it.AB C D keys：1.D 2.B3.D 4.C5.B【知识梳理5】定语是用来说明名词（代词）的品质与特征的词或一组词。可用作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句和句子等。1形容词用作定语是大量的。(1). She is a natural musicia
26、n. 她是一位天生的音乐家。(2). He must be the best violinist alive.他一定是最好的在世的小提琴手了。（后置定语）2. 名词用作定语。如(1). A baby girl 女婴(2). well water 井水3代词作定语。(1). Your hair needs cutting. 你该理发了。（物主代词用作定语）(2). Everybodys business is nobodys business. 人人负责就是无人负责。（不定代词所有格作定语）4数词作定语(1). Theres only one way to do it. 做此事只有一法。(2).
27、 Do it now, you may not get a second chance. 现在就干吧，你可能再没有机会了。基数词用作后置定语： Page 24， Room 201， the year 1949 5. 副词充当定语时常后置，如： the room above 楼上的房间 the world today 今日世界 the way out 出路 a day off 休息日6不定式用作定语 Her promise to write was forgotten.她忘记了答应写信的事。 Thats the way to do it.那正是做此事的方法。7动名词用作定语 A walking
28、stick 拐杖 sleeping pills 安眠药 eating implements 吃饭用具 learning method 学习方法8分词充当定语 a sleeping child 正在睡中的小孩 a drinking man 嗜酒者 a retired worker 一个退休工人 a faded flower 一朵谢了的花9介词短语用作定语。 This is a map of China. 这是一幅中国地图。 The wild look in his eyes spoke plainer than words. 他那凶暴的目光说明得再清楚不过了。10从句用作定语，即定语从句 The car thats parked outside is mine. 停在外面的车是我的。 Your car, which I noticed outside, has been hit by another one. 我在外面看见你的汽车了，它给另一辆车撞了。练习：找出下列句子中
