1、高考英语大一轮复习层级化晋级写作层级二词靓句高赢高分四吸引眼球的定语从句讲义2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习层级化晋级写作层级二词靓句高赢高分四吸引眼球的定语从句讲义定语从句的正确使用能够比较明显地反映出考生对于语言具有较高的掌握能力，所以建议考生一定要在写作中至少使用一个恰到好处的定语从句。一、定语从句的类型1关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which, as引导的定语从句是写作的一大重点，尤其是which和as引导的非限制性定语从句在高考范文中更是屡见不鲜。Secondly, you will make some good friends
2、 who are also interested in playing table tennis.(xx全国卷书面表达)第二，你会交到一些好朋友，他们也很喜欢打乒乓球。What I want to stress is that I have already been a volunteer for the 13th National Games which will be held at the end of August in Tianjin.(xx天津高考书面表达)我想强调的是我已成为八月底将在天津举办的第十三届全运会的志愿者。As the old saying goes, “Practi
3、ce makes perfect.”常言道：“熟能生巧。”2关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句是指when, where, why引导的定语从句。We are to meet on Sunday morning in the Peoples Park, where the air is fresh and the scenery is beautiful.我们将于星期天上午在人民公园见面，那里空气新鲜，风景美丽。I think the reason why you are always angry may be the high pressure of study.(xx安徽高考满分
4、作文)我认为你总是发脾气的原因可能是学习上的巨大压力。3“介词which/whom”引导的定语从句Material collecting took us a whole week, during which we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life.(xx北京高考书面表达)搜集材料花了我们整整一周的时间，在此期间我们采访了老师并拍摄了学校生活的各个方面。即时演练用适当的关系词填空1(xx浙江高考应用文写作)Our science teacher will serve as our g
5、uide, who is expected to tell us something interesting about the Tiantai Shan.2(xx天津高考单选)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.3(xx福建高考满分作文)Only those who spare no effort to confront problems can achieve what they long for.4During holiday seasons, I w
6、ill live in the countryside, where air is fresh and people are friendly.5English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of which uses it differently.二、定语从句的写法定语从句是比较难掌握而又是考生在写作中喜欢尝试的复杂句，在写作时可采用“三步法”：示例第一步：写出两个简单句。The foreigner is from Canada.He visited our class yesterday.第二步：在句中找出一处
7、要修饰的词汇：the foreigner。第三步：用句充当定语从句，the foreigner为先行词指人，句中的代词he指代the foreigner且在句子中作主语，故用who或that作关系词。The foreigner who/that visited our class yesterday is from Canada. 即时演练用定语从句将下列每组简单句合并为一个复合句1This is the best method. It can be used against pollution.This_is_the_best_method_that_can_be_used_against_
8、pollution.2Ive always longed for the days. I will be able to be independent then.Ive_always_longed_for_the_days_when_I_will_be_able_to_be_independent.3I will go on a trip to Sichuan. There are a great number of places of interest in Sichuan.I will go on a trip to Sichuan, where there are a great num
9、ber of places of interest.4I have a friend. Her father is an engineer.I_have_a_friend_whose_father_is_an_engineer.5Through the course of my schooling, I met many teachers. Two of them influenced me greatly.Through_the_course_of_my_schooling,_I_met_many_teachers,_two_of_whom_influenced_me_greatly.三、定
10、语从句的常用句型1As we all know ./As is known to all . “众所周知”As we all know/As is known to all, the moon travels round the earth once every month.众所周知，月球每月绕地球转一圈。2As sb. puts it . “按照某人所说的”As he often puts it, university education determines ones future.按照他常说的，大学教育决定一个人的命运。3such . as . “像这样的；诸如此类的”We have f
11、ound such materials as are used in their factory.我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。4the same . as ./the same as . “像一样的”Her manner and attitudes towards him were quite the same as she had always been.她对他的方式和态度与以前完全一样。5one of the复数名词定语从句“中的一个”As far as I know, your sister is one of the students who have passed the
12、 exam.据我所知，你妹妹是通过考试的学生之一。6the only one of the复数名词定语从句“中唯一的一个”Mr. Green was the only one of the workers that was invited to Beijing.格林先生是这些工人中唯一一个被邀请去北京的人。即时演练补全句子1(xx福建高考满分作文)我们大家都知道，这幅画讲述的是古代中国的一个故事。As_we_all_know,_the picture tells a story of ancient China.2那些对世界做出重大贡献的人应受到极大的尊重。Such people as_hav
13、e_made_great_contributions_to_the_world should be greatly respected.3长城是吸引大批游客的世界著名建筑之一。The Great Wall is one_of_the_worldfamous_buildings_that_attract lots of visitors.四、定语从句写作时需避免的几种情况1误用关系词误：I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China.正：I live in Beijing, which is the capital of China.误：I ha
14、ve a friend, whos name is Liu Mei.正：I have a friend, whose name is Liu Mei.2句子成分残缺误：There were many students took part in the English petition.正：There were many students who took part in the English petition.误：The last one leaves the classroom please close the windows.正：The last one who leaves the c
15、lassroom please close the windows.3有多余的代词或副词误：As can be seen from the picture, that a sad boy stands between his angry parents.正：As can be seen from the picture, a sad boy stands between his angry parents.误：Last week, I returned to the village where I grew up there in my childhood.正：Last week, I ret
16、urned to the village where I grew up in my childhood.4混淆定语从句与并列句误：In fact, smoking is a bad habit, it does great harm to peoples health.正：In fact, smoking is a bad habit, which/and it does great harm to peoples health.误：His parents told him many times not to play beside the river, it didnt help.正：Hi
17、s parents told him many times not to play beside the river, which/but it didnt help.即时演练单句改错1There are three people in my family and Im the only one child, who is very mon in Chinese families.whowhich2Travelling abroad, you should follow the customs of the country where you are visiting.去掉where或wher
18、ewhich/that3Remember, you can take the contest in China Daily newspaper, that is very popular among high school students.thatwhich4I will never forget the day on that we went to buy guitars in the guitar store.thatwhich5When you read the book, youd better make a mark that you have a question.thatwhe
19、re6On the third floor there are two rooms, one of them is used as a meeting room.themwhich7The couple will fly to France for their honeymoon on their first stop, which they plan to stay for three days.whichwhere或在which前加in8I gave that boy so difficult a math problem which he couldnt work out.whichas
20、2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习步骤化写作增分第一步过词汇关第一讲词汇如何写对讲义编写说明创设4步增分方案：过词汇关过句子关过段落关过篇章关，每关又按“先写对再写美”两层级设置课时。由词组句、连句成段、由段成篇，循序渐进，步步为营步步赢；先写对，再写美，符合一般考生的学习实际，保住基本分，才能得高分。第一步 过 词 汇 关第一讲_词汇如何写对词汇是语言的建筑材料，我们说话、写文章都离不开词汇。只有准确选词，文章才能优美。所以，要想写好文章，首先应从词汇着手。一、准确选词的两个原则1规范所谓规范是指所选的词语应是合乎习惯的、现代的、通用的。语言是交流的工具，我们只有选用那些合乎习惯的、现代
21、的、通用的词语，人们才会觉得顺耳，否则就会显得生硬、难懂。如：We rise early every day.我们每天很早起床。这里的rise虽也有“起床”的含义，但很正式，生活中不常用。不如改为get up更为通俗易懂。又如，汉语中表示“看书”“看电视”“看黑板”等都用到一个“看”字，因为这个字在汉语中通用。如果英语中我们都用read或see或watch或look at等来表达这些“看”，则不符合英语的表达习惯，因此就是错误的。例如：Lets go to see the movies.我们去看电影吧。Look at the blackboard, please.请看黑板。Dont read
22、in the sun.不要在阳光下看书。How many children like watching TV?有多少孩子喜欢看电视？2贴切所谓贴切是指词义所表示的内容能准确表达思想，这就要求写作者应透彻地掌握每个词语的确切含义。在学习英语时，我们尤其要注意那些同义词和多义词，使用不当就会出错。例如：“他长得很高。”英语是He is very tall.如果将tall误译为high则会使人理解为“他离地面很高”。当然这里只列举了词义间的差别。在行文中用词贴切，还应注意语境和通篇的语体，使每个词在上下文中都自然和谐。二、用词不当常见的九种错误1词性混用例1误She enjoys study Eng
23、lish.正She enjoys English study. She enjoys studying English.例2误Can you understand my speak？正Can you understand my speaking/words？Can you understand me？例3误When you through the valley, you may see a big pine tree.正When you go through the valley, you may see a big pine tree.2代词指代不明例误She told my sister
24、that she had passed the exam.正She told my sister that my sister had passed the exam. She had passed the exam and told this to my sister.3介词误用例1误In my surprise, he got the first prize.正To my surprise, he got the first prize.例2误He came here to attend the meeting in car.正He came here to attend the meet
25、ing by car.例3误He was hurt on his right foot.正He was hurt in his right foot.4冠词误用例1误We elected Li Hua the monitor of our class.正We elected Li Hua monitor of our class.例2误Once upon a time, there was an oneeyed king.正Once upon a time, there was a oneeyed king.5动词误用例1误I forgot my keys in the car.正I left
26、 my keys in the car.例2误Its going to rain. Bring a raincoat with you.正Its going to rain. Take a raincoat with you.6误把不可数名词用作可数名词例1误Workers have many interests in the new machine.正Workers have much interest in the new machine.例2误It is such a nice weather.正It is such nice weather.7误把可数名词用作不可数名词例1误There
27、 is always traffic jam.正There is always a traffic jam.例2误Lets go out for walk.正Lets go out for a walk.8数词用法错误例1误There are several hundreds people in the hall.正There are several hundred people in the hall.例2误Thousand of students are planting trees in the hill.正Thousands of students are planting trees
28、 in the hill.例3误More than five hundreds of taxi drivers are on strike.正More than five hundred taxi drivers are on strike.9习惯用法错误例1误The actor in this movie is very beautiful.正The actor in this movie is very handsome.例2误I and my parents are working in the field.正My parents and I are working in the fie
29、ld.例3误The reason is because he does not know what to do next.正The reason is that he does not know what to do next.三、用词的四大注意事项1避免用汉语思维生造中国式英语(1)中英词汇意义差别许多学生由于不知道或不熟悉或一时想不起书面表达中所需要的词汇，便用他们自己所熟悉的英语单词，借助汉语思维生造出令人啼笑皆非、五花八门、中国式的英语。例如：将“今天早上”(this morning)说成是today morning；将“一天早上”(one morning)说成one day morn
30、ing；将“跳水”(dive)说成jump water；将“学费”(fee)说成study money。(2)选词的误区当学生们要表达“我的家乡发生了巨大的变化”时，大部分学生写成：My hometown has a large change.My hometown has a great change.很显然，以上例句中的large和great是受汉语思维影响而产生的错误，应该改为：My hometown has changed a lot.Great changes have taken place in my hometown.有些学生将“我的家乡变得更加美丽”写成：My hometown has changed more beautiful.殊不知change一词并非系动词，其后不能跟表语，应改为：My hometown has bee/turned more beautiful.2避免不理解而盲目选词由于对英语词汇理解不透，往往造成词汇上的用法错误，主要表现为：(1)画蛇添足运动会上，当他飞速冲刺时，我们都为他加油。At the sports meet, we cheered him on when he dashed quickly.本句中动词dash本身
