1、届高三英语精准培优专练十五完形填空之议论文解析版2019届高三英语精准培优专练十五：完形填空之议论文（解析版）（2015广东卷完型填空）How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is _1_ to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live if he or she is _2_ healt
2、hy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce _3_. They wear out, and as a result, we get old and _4_ die.Even though we cant live forever, we are living a _5_ life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span
3、 (寿命) was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years!When does old age begin then? Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the _6_ line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people dont begin to experience physical and mental _7_ until after age 75.People are living longer because more people
4、_8_ childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood _9_. Now that the chances of dying _10_ are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.On the whole, our population is getting older. The _11_ in o
5、ur population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see _12_, not disaster, many men and women in their “golden years” are healthy, still active, and young in _13_ if not in age.As the society grows ol
6、d, we need the _14_ of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to _15_ active and devoted.1. A. designed B. selected C. improved D. discovered【答案】A【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。句意：大多数研究年龄的科学家们认为人体被设计的不会活过120岁。designed 设计；selected 选择，挑选；improved 提高，改善；discovered发现。根据句意可知，科学家们认为人体的结构设计决定了人类最多不会活
7、过120岁，故应选A。2. A. completely B. generally C. apparently D. extremely【答案】D【解析】考查副词和语境的理解。句意：然而110岁可能是人们希望能活的最长的寿命-如果他非常的健康和幸运。根据句意可知，如果一个人非常的健康而且很幸运，人们希望能活到110岁。故选D。3. A. rapidly B. harmlessly C. endlessly D. separately【答案】C【解析】考查副词及语境的理解。句意：然而我们的细胞不会一直无止境的再生。rapidly 快速地；harmlessly 无害地；endlessly 无止境地；
8、separately 分离地，分开地。根据文意可知，因为人体的细胞不会无止境地再生，因此人的寿命是有限的。因此应选C。4. A. eventually B. hopelessly C. automatically D. desperately【答案】A【解析】考查副词及语境的理解。句意：他们（细胞）慢慢消耗尽，结果我们就会变老最终死亡。eventually 最终；hopelessly 没有希望地；automatically 自动地；desperately绝望地，自暴自弃地。根据句意可知选A。5. A. busier B. longer C. richer D. happier【答案】B【解析】
9、考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：尽管我们不能永久的活着，我们的寿命比以前是更长了。busier 更忙的；longer 更长的；richer 更富有的；happier更开心的。根据这一段的内容可知，现在人的寿命比以前更长了。故选B。6. A. finishing B. guiding C. waiting D. dividing【答案】D【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：作为中年和老年的分界线，65岁可能已经过时了。finishing 完成；guiding 指导，指引；waiting 等待；dividing划分。根据文意可知，把65岁当做中年和老年的分界线，这已经不适合现在的形势了。divid
10、ing line分界线，故选D。7. A. stress B. damage C. decline D. failure【答案】C【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。句意：毕竟，很多老年人直到75岁之后才开始经历身体和精神的衰落。stress 压力，压迫；damage 损坏；decline 衰落，衰弱；failure失败。根据句意可知，现在很多老年人是在75岁之后身体和精神才开始衰弱的，故选C。8. A. survive B. enjoy C. remember D. value【答案】A【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。句意：现在人们活得更长因为更多的人从童年中幸存下来。survive 幸存；enjo
11、y 喜欢，欣赏；remember 记得；value价值，估价。根据这一段的内容和the chances of living long are much higher due to a better diets and health care可知，现在的人平均寿命比以前更长的一个原因是人们从童年的疾病中幸存了下来，故选A。9. A. problems B. fears C. worries D. diseases【答案】D【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。句意：在现代医学改变了自然的法则之前，很多孩子死于常见的儿童疾病。problems 问题；fears 恐惧，害怕；worries 担心；disea
12、ses 疾病。根据句意可知，以前的人们因为很多普遍的儿童疾病而死，所以导致平均寿命比较低。故选D。10. A. poor B. young C. sick D. quiet【答案】B【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：既然年少夭折的可能性更低了，那么活得更长的机会就更高了，因为有了更好的饮食和医学护理。poor 穷的；young 年轻的；sick 病的；quiet 安静的。根据这一段的意思可知，以前人们在小的时候就因为生病死去了，dying young就是年少死去。故选B。11. A. changes B. recovery C. safety D. increases【答案】A【解析】考查
13、名词及语境的理解。句意：人口结构的改变会对我们社会的发展和我们的生活方式有持续的影响。changes 改变；recovery 恢复；safety 安全；increases 增长，增加。根据下文中Some people fear such changes will可知，我们现在的人口结构改变了，故选A。12. A. dreams B. chances C. strengths D. choices【答案】B【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。句意：一些人担心这个改变将会带来一些坏处，然而还有一些人看到的是机会，而不是灾难。dreams 梦想；chances 机会；strengths 力量；choice
14、s 选择。根据句意可知，这句话中的while 表示对比，即跟前一种人不一样的看法，故选B。13. A. mind B. appearance C. voice D. movement【答案】A【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。句意：现在，很多处在“黄金年龄”的男士和女士，身体都非常健康，仍然积极，心态也很年轻。mind 心态；appearance 外表；voice 声音；movement移动。根据句意可知，这里应该是说虽然年龄老了，但是心态依然年轻，故选A。14. A. protection B. suggestions C. contributions D. permission【答案】C【解析
15、】考查名词及语境的理解。句意：随着我们的社会老龄化，我们需要这些老年公民们的贡献。protection 保护；suggestions 建议；contributions 贡献；permission允许。根据文意可知，现在的社会逐渐老龄化，因此老年人也要继续给我们的社会做贡献，故选C。15. A. sound B. appear C. turn D. stay【答案】D【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。句意：前面还有很长的寿命，他们需要保持积极的心态和奉献的精神。sound 听起来；appear 好像；出现；turn 转，变成；stay保持。根据文意可知，现在人们的寿命更长了，因此老年人也要继续保持积
16、极心态，为我们的社会做贡献。故应选D。Passage 1I live in a rural community in the United States. A rural area is different from a city because there are_1_people. My home is deep in a valley_2_by mountains that are rocky and covered in trees._3_ many farms are located in rural areas because they require large plots of
17、 land to grow food or_4_farm animals, in my community the mountains and_5_soil make it difficult to farm. This is one _6_ why few people live in my area.Whats it like to live in the mountains? Since we have a lot of_7_, we get to have horses and chickens. My family_8_eggs from the chickens for break
18、fast. We also lose electricity a lot because the trees fall on power lines whenever theres a _9_. In my community, people keep battery- powered flashlights and oil lamps stored in case the lights _10_. Some people also use a generator- a machine that generates electricity from gasolinewhenever there
19、 are _11_.Going to school in a rural area means having fewer classmates and_12_longer distances. To get to my high school, I must drive forty miles to the_13_city. This means I must get up much earlier than my_14_classmates in order to be on time. The roads in my community arent paved with asphalt(沥
20、青) either, so during storms they_15_become too muddy or snowy to pass. In cities a snowplow(扫雪机) _16_quickly, but areas where fewer people live arent the priority(优先), so days can pass before a snowplow_17_the road. Sometimes I must miss school because storms make it _18_to drive.I am not sure_19_if
21、 I want to live in the country or in the city when I grow up. I like being in nature, hearing the creek and the birds, and having a big yard. I also like being in the city, though, where I can go howling or skating, or see my friends. It can get_20_in the country, although I do love being around our
22、 animals.1. A. few B. many C. fewer D. more【答案】C【解析】此处指农村地区和城市地区不同，因为人比较少。根据常识可知农村不像城市人口密集，故选C。 few很少的； many许多的； fewer较少的； more更多的。2. A. surrounded B. hidden C. shadowed D. enriched【答案】A【解析】根据deep in a valley和by mountains可知作者的家在被山包围的山谷深处，故选A。 surround包围； hide隐藏； shadowed遮蔽； enrich丰富。3. A. When B. Wh
23、ile C. Because D. If【答案】B【解析】上句说农村人少偏僻，下文说许多农场都在农村地区，前后句是转折关系，故选B。 When当时候； While然而； Because因为； If如果。4. A. feed B. grow C. train D. house【答案】D【解析】此处指农场需要大块的土地来种粮食和给家畜提供住处，故选D。feed喂养； grow种植； train培养； house给房子住。5. A. rich B. muddy C. rocky D. snowy【答案】C【解析】此处指在作者的家乡，山脉和岩石土壤使农场难以耕种。上文by mountains that
24、 are rocky给了提示，故选C。rich富有的； muddy泥泞的； rocky岩石的； snowy下雪的。6. A. explanation B. cause C. excuse D. reason【答案】D【解析】家乡的土壤不适合耕种，这是家乡人少的原因。reason通常指产生某种行为或想法的推理上的理由，而cause通常指导致某一事件发生的起因。故选D。explanation解释； cause原因，起因； excuse借口； reason原因。7. A. space B. room C. place D. land【答案】A【解析】此处指住在农村的好处，有大空间，有马和鸡。故选A。
25、 space空间； room房间； place地方； land陆地。8. A. lays B. harvests C. buys D. picks【答案】B【解析】我们家养着鸡，所以收获鸡蛋作为早餐，故选B。 lay放置； harvest收获； buys购买； pick选择。9. A. storm B. thunder C. lighting D. shower【答案】A【解析】我们也经常停电，因为每当有暴风雨的时候，树就会掉到电线上。暴风雨会把树刮到电线上造成停电，故选A。10. A. put out B. wear out C. run out D. go out【答案】D【解析】此处指因
26、为停电灯熄灭了，put out扑灭，熄灭，指某人将某物熄灭，强调动作；wear out磨损，穿破；run out耗尽；go out熄灭，经常指自己熄灭。11. A. dangers B. risks C. emergencies D. incidents【答案】C【解析】此处指无论什么时候有紧急事件时，一些人也使用一种通过烧汽油发电的发电机。故选C。danger危险；risk冒险；emergency紧急事件； incident事件。12. A. walking B. running C. driving D. traveling【答案】D【解析】在农村上学意味着有较少的同学和走较远的距离，因为
27、人烟稀少，学校少，所以上学很远。此处并没有说上学的具体交通方式。故选D。 walk步行； run跑； drive驾驶； travel走步。13. A. nearby B. distant C. nearest D. farthest【答案】C【解析】上高中时作者要开车四十英里到达最近的城市，这是为了说明上学路途远，故选C。nearby附近的；distant遥远的； nearest最近的； farthest最远的。14. A. rural B. city C. old D. new【答案】B【解析】为了按时上学，必须比城市里的同学更早起床。表示对比，故选B。 rural农村的； city城市的；
28、old古老的；new新的。15. A. can B. may C. must D. should【答案】A【解析】农村的道路不是沥青路，所以雨雪天会变得非常泥泞。根据句意，选A。 can能，会； may可以； must必须； should应该。16. A. comes by B. comes about C. comes to D. comes out【答案】A【解析】在城市里，下雪后扫雪机会很快经过，把雪扫干净。故选A。come by经过；come about发生； come to谈到；come out出现。17. A. cleans B. digs C. clears D. covers【
29、答案】C【解析】此处指扫雪机清除积雪，使路面干净。故选C。clean打扫；dig挖；clear清除；cover覆盖。18. A. likely B. necessary C. improper D. impossible【答案】D【解析】因为农村道路雨雪后泥泞，雨雪使道路不能开车，作者不能去上学。故选D。likely很可能的； necessary必要的； improper错误的；impossible不可能的。19. A. still B. yet C. even D. as【答案】B【解析】still常用于肯定句中，表示“某事正在进行中”，一般与现在时态或进行时态连用。也可用在疑问句或否定句中
30、，在否定句中须放在否定词not之前。 yet表示“某事尚未发生”，多用于否定句或带否定词的陈述句中。此处用于否定句，表示我现在仍然不确定，故选B。 still仍然；yet仍然；even甚至；as因为，随着。20. A. quiet B. lonely C. alone D. busy【答案】B【解析】因为农村人少，所以尽管我喜欢和动物在一起，但农村会让人寂寞。故选B. quiet安静的； lonely寂寞的；alone独自的； busy忙碌的。Passage 2Its true that “A small change can make a big difference” in our life. A better technical term that can well1this idea is the “Butterfly Effect”. A butterflys2wings can make changes in the path of a tornado; it may3create or prevent a tornado at a certain location.The “Butterfly Effect” plays a role in our4to a great extent. Small5could make a huge difference in
