1、高考英语 重难增分篇 第一讲 时态和语态讲与练 新人教版第一讲时态语态李仕才第一课时知识过关课1.运用“7看法”，熟记“4句型”速判动词的时态 (1)掌握独特的时间状语标志(7看法)1看到always, often, seldom, sometimes, usually等想到用一般现在时2看到yesterday, last night, a few days ago, the other day等想到用一般过去时态3看到tomorrow, next year, in a week等想到用将来时态4看到all the time, now, at present等想到用现在进行时态5看到at th
2、at time, then, at six oclock yesterday等想到用过去进行时6看到at this time tomorrow, from 1 oclock to 3 oclock tomorrow等想到用将来进行时7看到since, so far, up to now, by the time, in the last/past few years等想到用完成时态I usually get up at four oclock every morning when its still dark.我通常每天早晨四点起床，那时天还很黑。I will be talking with
3、the professor at this time tomorrow.明天这个时间我将在和教授谈话。By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.到你回家的时候，我将会已经把房子打扫得干干净净。(2)熟记固定句型中的时态(4句型)be doing.when.，主句常用过去进行时，从句常用一般过去时。no sooner.than或hardly.when.，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。It is/has been时间段since.表示“自从以来已经”。主句用现在完成时或一般现在时，从句用
4、一般过去时。This/It/That is the first/second.time that.表示“这/那是第一/二次”，后面的句子要用现在完成时。Hardly had the speaker finished his speech when the audience kept asking him questions.演讲者一结束他的讲话，观众就不停地向他提问。It is the third time that you have been late for work this week, isnt it?这已经是你本周第三次工作迟到了，不是吗？The boy was doing his
5、homework when his father came back from work.当那个男孩的父亲下班回来时，他正在做作业。2.被动语态的几点说明(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁，或者需要突出或强调动作的承受者时，就要用被动语态。(2)只有及物动词才有被动语态。但cost，have，own，lack，agree with，suffer from，belong to，consist of等及物动词或及物的短语动词没有被动语态。(3)happen，occur，come about，take place等不及物动词没有被动语态。(4)带有介词的动词短语的被动语态，不要漏掉介词。Th
6、e children will be looked after well here.这些孩子在这里将受到很好的照顾。(5)系动词feel，look，seem，appear，taste，sound，smell，prove，remain等用主动形式表示被动意义，主语通常是事物。The material feels very soft.这种料子摸起来很柔软。读语篇，悟语法。反复朗读下列短文，领悟画线黑体部分。注意时态语态的用法。I am Li Fan，chairman of the Students Union.I am_writing1 to draw your attention to some
7、 improper behaviour in our campus：littering and scribbling.It has_been_making2 our school dirty and unpleasant.I always feel_ashamed3 whenever I see this.It is clearly not appropriate for a student to litter and scribble about.Last week，the students Union held4 a meeting to seek some solutions to th
8、ese problems.We were_having5 a heated discussion when our headmaster came and joined us.After the meeting，the headmaster said that the school had_made6 efforts to improve this situation and more dustbins would_be_placed7 around.Recently，the Students Union has_set_up8 specific rules against such beha
9、viour.At the same time，all of us should develop good habits and better behave ourselves.We believe that，with the joint efforts of both teachers and students，our school will_become9 a more enjoyable place in the near future.1.现在进行时，表示现在正在发生的动作。2.现在完成进行时，表示从过去从开始一直延续到现在并有可能继续下去的动作。3.一般现在时，表示经常性或习惯性动作。
10、4.一般过去时，在过去某个时间里(last week上周)所发生的动作。5.过去进行时，在过去某一时间正在进行的动作。6.过去完成时，表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。7.过去将来时，表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态。另外，此处主语dustbins为动作的承受者，所以用被动语态。8.现在完成时，表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。9.一般将来时，表示在将来某一时刻要发生的动作或存在的状态。.单句填空(用所给动词的适当形式填空)1.The sun was setting when my car broke (break) down ne
11、ar a remote village.2.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their natural course.Being too anxious to help an event develop often results(result) in the contrary to our intention.3.People stepped on your feet or pushed (push) you with their elbows，hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.4.He
12、r mother was excited.“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking，”Jane was_informed(inform).5.I got on the bus and found a seat near the back and then I noticed a man sitting at the front.He was_pretending(pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.6.Ill go to the library as soon
13、as I finish what I am_doing(do).7.It is the most instructive lecture that I have_attended(attend) since I came to this school.8.In the last few years thousands of films have_been_produced(produce) all over the world.9.By the time Jack returned home from England，his son had_graduated(graduate) from c
14、ollege.10.Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who wears(wear) evening dress.单句改错(下列每句中有一处错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改，请指出并改正。)1.It is the first time that he talked with his father face to face.talkedhas_talked2.The vase isnt belong to him.isntdoesnt3.She insisted that she organ
15、ized the trip on her own.organizedorganize4.In the last twenty years，great changes have been taken place in our country.去掉have后的been5.As time go by，online shopping is becoming more and more popular.gogoes6.Ever since middle school，my sister Wang Wei and I dreamed about taking a great bike trip.在drea
16、med前加have7.Hardly I sat down when I heard the shocking news.在I前加had8.The book has translated into thirty languages since it came on the market in 1973.在translated前加been9.The old man is happy because he is well taken care.在care后加of10.The new teaching building was builded last year.buildedbuilt.语篇填空(用
17、括号中动词的正确形式填空)How have you managed not to take a drink for almost 20 years？It 1._(take) me almost 20 years to have the courage to even ask my father this very personal question.When Dad first quit drinking，the whole family was on pins and needles every time he got into a situation that，in the past，2.
18、_(start) him drinking again.For a few years we were afraid to bring it up for fear the drinking 3._(begin) again.“I had this little poem that I would recite to myself at least four to five times a day，”was Dads reply to my 18yearold unasked question.And then he 4._(share) the poem with me.About a mo
19、nth after this talk with my father，when I 5._(have) a rest，I received a gift in the mail from a friend of mine.It was a book of daily affirmations with one affirmation listed for each day of the year.It 6._(be) my experience that when you 7._(get) something with days of the year on it，you 8._(turn)
20、to the page that lists your own birthday.I hurriedly opened the book to November 10 to see what words of wisdom this book had in store for me.There，on my birthday，was the exact same poem that 9._(help) my father for all these years！It 10._(call) the Serenity Prayer.【语篇导读】一位十八岁的儿子鼓起勇气问出了怀揣了将近二十年的问题：父
21、亲是如何成功戒酒近二十年的。最后在朋友送的一本书上，正好在自己生日对应的那一页看到了父亲戒酒期间鼓励自己的祷告，体现了父亲为了儿子而戒酒的浓浓的父爱。1.took从下文“For a few years we were afraid to.”的“were”可知，此处应该用一般过去时。2.would have started句意：“父亲最初戒酒时，一旦他陷入过去再次喝酒的情景时，整个家庭就会坐立不安。”从上文“every time he got into a.”的谓语动词的过去式可知，此处表达的是过去肯定会发生的事情。3.would begin从句无谓语动词，且从上文“we were afraid
22、 to bring it up for fear”谓语动词were可知，此处缺少一个表示过去将来的谓语动词。4.shared本句无谓语动词，从该句时间副词“then”可知，此处应为一般过去时。5.was having由when引起的时间状语从句中从句部分无谓语动词，故have在本句应作谓语动词，又从主句的谓语动词received可知，当时作者应该是正在休息，收到礼物，故此处应该填动词的过去进行时，表示过去正在进行的动作。6.has been此句为it引导的形式主语从句，be在主句中作谓语动词；由下文的“my experience”可知这样的事情已经发生多次，已成经验，故用完成时态。7.get由
23、when引起的从句缺少谓语动词，再由原文可知，这里表达的是一件经常发生的事情，故用动词的一般现在时。8.will turn由when引起的时间状语从句中，从句的谓语动词get用一般现在时，主句就会用一般将来时，表示将要发生的动作。9.had helped由于主句therebe句式的谓语动词be用过去时，而以the poem为先行词的定语从句中无谓语动词，需要一个表示发生在主句谓语动作之前的动作，故用过去完成时。10.is called句子无谓语动词，故call应作句子的谓语；而it与call之间是被动关系；文中讲的是书名，应为客观存在的事实，故用一般现在时的被动语态。第二课时高考研究课动词的时
24、态和语态在语法填空中的考查点规律方法“4步法”确定动词的时态和语态第一步，确定句子是否缺少谓语：如果括号中给出的提示词是动词，首先要分析句子成分。如果句子缺少谓语，那么空格处应填谓语动词，就要考虑使用合适的时态和语态。第二步，确定时态：要根据具体的语境、时间状语或另一动词的时态来判断用哪种时态。第三步，确定语态：语态要根据主语和谓语动词之间的逻辑关系确定。主语和谓语动词之间是主动关系时动词就应用主动语态，是被动关系时就应用被动语态。第四步，确定主谓一致：要注意谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。真题验证11.Steam engines _(use) to pull the carriages
25、and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.(2017全国卷)答案were used此处讲的是过去的事情，主语Steam engines和use之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。2.Later, engineers _(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道)，which became known as the Tube.(2017全国卷)答案managed此处讲的是过去
26、的事情，所以用一般过去时，主语engineers和manage之间是主动关系，故填managed。3.When fat and salt _(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.(2017全国卷)答案are removed填空处在句中作谓语。本文讲述的是现状，用一般现在时。主语是fat and salt，与remove之间是被动关系，故填are removed。4.Sarah _(tell)that she could be Britains new supermodel, earning a mil
27、lion dollars in the next year.(2017全国卷)答案has been told/was told句意应为“有人告诉过Sarah，她可能是英国的一名新超模，下一年能挣一百万美元”，故句子谓语应该使用现在完成时的被动语态。由于从句中的谓语动词could be此处也可以使用一般过去时的被动语态。5.Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment, school _(come) first.I dont want to get too absorbed in modeling
28、.”(2017全国卷)答案comes此句是直接引语，根据前后句子的谓语可知，动词come应该使用一般现在时。6.Pahlsson and her husband _(search)the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing.(2017浙江卷)答案searched根据后面的but turned up nothing可知，此处描述的是过去发生的行为，故要用一般过去时。7.Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got _(sweep)into a pile of
29、 kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, where it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted(生长)through it.(2017浙江卷)答案swept戒指被扫进垃圾堆里。主语the ring与动词sweep之间为被动关系，故此处要用动词的过去分词形式。8.Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and _ (be) too violent for use at the tabl
30、e.(2016全国卷)答案were由前面谓语动词believed, would remind等使用过去时，可知此处be动词应使用过去时。9.It was raining lightly when I _(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.(2015全国卷)答案arrived在句型“be doing.when.”中，前半分句中使用了过去进行时，后半分句中arrive应该使用过去时。10.This cycle _(go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during t
31、he night and are thus always a timely offset (抵消) for the outside temperatures.(2015全国卷)答案goes此处谓语动词陈述了一种客观真理。动词的时态和语态在短文改错中的考查点规律方法3“从”原则1.从语篇和上下文整体把握时态；从时间状语上判断时态。2.从连词前后看平行谓语动词的差异。3.从主谓关系上判断主动或被动关系。真题验证21.When summer came, they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables！(2017全国卷)_答案camecomes本文整体用一般现在时，描述现状。此处主句是一般将来时，when引
