1、浅析英汉语言对比分析Contrastive Study Between English and ChineseAbstractThe languages in different countries and nations have their own cultural background and thinking mode. For Chinese students, contrastive study can help them know the differences between English and Chinese, thus having a deep recognition
2、 of the importance of contrastive study.In translation, the differences in the cultural background and thinking mode lead to the translation differences between English and Chinese, especially in the language order aspect which makes it difficult to communicate with each language. Language order is
3、the word and phrase arrangement which is related with the unit of words. English and Chinese differ from the origin, and due to the differences in the thinking ways, they seem to express the same thing in the different way. So it is meaningful to have a research on the subject of language order in E
4、nglish and Chinese translation.Key Words: Comparison； Culture and custom；Cultural background；Thinking model浅析英汉语言对比分析摘 要不同的国家和民族的语言表现出的文化背景和思维模式都有所不同。对学习英语的中国学生来说，通过英汉语言的对比，可以使其认识到英语和汉语的差别，从而对英语学习能够有更深刻的认识。在英汉语言的翻译工作中，正是由于不同国家和民族语言的文化背景和思维方式的不同才导致了翻译上的种种差别，尤其在语言组织的顺序中体现得淋漓尽致。这种差异给语言之间的沟通与交流带来了巨大的障碍，
5、所以英汉翻译中的语序问题研究就显得意义重大。语序是指句子成分的排列次序,它体现了词语之间的关系。英汉两种语言源自不同的语系,由于汉族和英语的民族思维方式不同,对同一客观事实就有着不同的语言表达顺序,因而有必要对英语和汉语的词序及其各种变化方式进行分析与研究。关键词： 英汉对比; 文化风俗; 文化背景; 思维方式CONTENTSCHEPTER INTRODUCTION 1CHEPTER LITERATURE REVIEW 22.1 The Definition Of Contrastive Study 22.2 The Process of the Development of Contrast
6、ive Study in China 3CHEPTER THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CONTRASTIVE STUDY 73.1 Helping Learners Find the Focus of Study 73.1.1 Focus on Differences in Linguistic Aspect 83.1.2 Focus on Differences in Cultural Aspect 93.2 Helping Learners Avoid Chinglish 103.2.1 Avoiding Linguistic Chinglish 113.2.1.1 Avoidi
7、ng Wrong Word Formation 113.2.1.2 Avoiding Wrong Matching of Words 133.2.1.3 Avoiding Wrong Use of Idiom 143.2.2 Avoiding Cultural Chinglish 163.3 Helping Learners Improve Their Translation Skills 173.3.1 Linguistic Skills 173.3.1.1 Differences in Word Order 183.3.1.2 Differences in Sentence Structu
8、re 193.3.1.3 Differences in Paragraph Structure 203.3.2 Cultural Skills 21CHEPTER CONCLUSION 22REFERENCES 23ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 24CHEPTER INTRODUCTIONSome American scholars developed an idea that most of the difficulties in foreign language study spring from disturbance of the mother language. If the m
9、other language and a foreign language are different, the former will disturb the learning of the later. However, when they are the same, the former will help the learning of the later. It is called “language transfer”. Language transfer is positive when the two languages have much in common, and wil
10、l be negative when they are different, which are called positive transfer and negative transfer. In their opinion language learners should pay attention to the differences caused by negative transfer. The purpose of contrastive study is to promoting positive transfer by contrasting the characteristi
11、cs of the two languages. In the process of language study we often find that if the foreign language is familiar with the mother language, it will be easy to study. Take Korean and Chinese for example, there are a lot of words having the same pronunciation, so Chinese people will find it easy to stu
12、dy Korean. On the contrary, if the two languages are different, the study will be difficult. For English learners, its a good way to do contrastive analysis between English and Chinese to help learn English well.Contrastive study will make English learners know the characteristics of the two languag
13、es. The contrast will tell us what should be focused on and in what way the negative transfer could be avoided. Chinese learners of English need to know how to avoid Chinglish and how to improve their skills, especially translation skills. They should make contrastive analysis on words formation, wo
14、rds matching, word order, sentence structure, paragraph structure and culture. Thus we can see the significance of contrastive English on English study.CHEPTER LITERATURE REVIEW ON CONTRASTIVE STUDY Contrastive study between English and Chinese has developed for many years, but there are still so ma
15、ny people who dont realize the significance of contrastive study, even they dont know what contrastive study is. As a English major, I want to improve English level, for 10 years of English study, Ive found English is not as difficult as I imagined, maybe the reason is that I like both English and C
16、hinese. Engels said, “You could know your own language only if you compared it with other languages.”1 So, when we learn a language, we should compare it with our own languages, thus having deep recognition of the characteristics of the tow languages. If we do so, we can improve our study efficiency
17、. In China, so many linguists do lots of study on contrastive study, and base it on their study, I do a literature review on contrastive study between English and Chinese before I write my paper, this literature review includes:1) The definition of contrastive study 2) The process of the development
18、 of contrastive study in China I want to use this literature review to show the development of contrastive study, I hope more and more English learners would realize the significance of Contrastive study2.1 The Definition Of Contrastive StudyThe famous linguist Lv Shuxiang said, “Contrastive study m
19、eans paying attention to the differences between English and Chinese”Mr Xu Yulong made a definition of Contrastive study like this: Contrastive study is a branch of Contrastive linguistics, the purpose is to analyze and compare the two languages, to describe the differences and the common ground, es
20、pecially their differences, and use this series of theory to solve problems in other fields. Contrastive study is a branch of linguistics, it has the characteristics of theoretical linguistics and applied linguistics, the main task is to do comparative study, to describe and explain the differences
21、between English and Chinese, and to use this series of theory to solve problems in other fields.2.2 The Process of the Development of Contrastive Study in ChinaThe theory of Contrastive study was established in China after 1990s. Before the contrastive English, there was another theory Chinese Cultu
22、ral Linguistics, the researchers were advocated to put the analysis of vocabulary into the cultural background to analyze the vocabularys cultural function. Analysis of Chinese Cultural Linguistics was a foundation to the contrastive English in China. The famous linguists, Lu Shuxiang, Xu Yulong, Ya
23、ng Zijian and Pan Wenguo etc, have always been called on to do some research on contrastive English from a macro view.Although the famous linguists, Zhao Yuanren, Wang Li and Lu Shuxiang and Gao Mingkai etc, has always called on English learners to use the contrastive study method, but the term cont
24、rast analysis, in china, has been regarded as a academic term since 1970s. Mr. Lu Shuxiangs the balance to actively advocates research and practitioner. Mr Lu Shuxiang S view on the research of contrastive study: 1) Contrastive study is an analysis of errors and explain errors; 2) We should do the r
25、esearch of contrastive study from the concept (or category ) set out in a language; 3) By contrast, the ultimate aim is to explain the differences of the two languages. Mr Lu Shuxiangs view on contrastive study is a significant direction for our words semantic research : Firstly, the contrast of voc
26、abulary we should pay attention to the culture of semantic and realism, thus reach the purpose of second language acquisition, and also should pay attention to the explanation which is associated with the collision and vacancy phenomenon; Secondly, we should do the contrast of word cultural semantic
27、 from the concept of (or category ) set out in a language; thirdly We must focus the ultimate aim of contrastive study is research their national culture and philosophic thinking. More and more Chinese people concern contrastive study in 1990s. In 1992, professor Xu Yulongs book Contrast Linguistics
28、 Overview was published. Contrastive study became an independent subject in China. Mr Xu defines contrastive study like this: Contrastive study is a branch of Contrastive linguistics, the purpose is to analyze and compare the two languages, to describe the differences and the common ground, especial
29、ly their differences, and use this series of theory to solve problems in other fields. If we compare Xus definition with the western linguists James and Fisiaks definition, we can find out Mr Xus definition has the following progressive significance:1) It is clear that the properties of contrastive
30、linguistics is a branch of linguistics, it no longer belongs to applied linguistics , Mr Xu thinks contrastive linguistics includes theory of contrastive linguistics and applied linguistics, thus adding theoretical color to contrastive English; 2) On the analysis of contrastive study, Xus definition
31、 emphasizes the common ground of the two languages, the importance of the contrast is their differences;3) The researching method is focus on the description of their differences; 4) To use the results to solve the problems in other fields. In 1994, Professor Yang Zijian Professor revised Professor
32、Xu YuLongs definition of contrastive linguistics. He said, the contrastive linguistics is a branch of linguistics, it has the characteristics of theoretical linguistics and applied linguistics, the main task is to do comparative study, to describe and explain the differences between English and Chinese, and use this series of theory to solve problems in other fields. The definition determines the nature of contrastive linguistics and target, thus it has promoted the development of contrastive study in China. In 1990s, the lingui
