1、 I I I I ; I有些词用复数形式表示祝愿、礼貌或客气等,如:congratulations(祝贺), regards(问候),respects儆意),thanks(谢谢),wishes(愿望)等。二可数名词与不可数名词:1.表示一类事物总称的名词,常作不可数名词看待而不能加“S”。如:furniture, equipment, technology, luggage, baggage, homework, evidence, information, message, progress, weather, wealth 等。(2016-全国乙卷)Banks, companies, an
2、d government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.银行、公司以及政府机构在进行商业活动时运用密码,尤其是用电脑发送信息时。2.抽象名词或物质名词可以转化为可数名词。comfort安慰一acomfort安慰者,令人安慰的事情 r1 difficulty 困难,难点fdifficulties 难题 I I I I ,failure失败一a failure失败的事/人pleasure 愉快,快乐f a pleasure 乐事regret遗憾
3、,悔恨,抱歉a regret令人悔恨的事情 丨1丨surprise惊奇一a surprise令人惊奇的事情worry烦恼,忧虑,苦恼一worries使人发愁的事necessity 必要 f necessities 必需品1 shock JT击一a shock 件令人受打击的事情 ill,1 shame羞耻,羞愧一a shame 个可耻的人,一件可耻的事 丨1honour/honor荣誉*an honour/honor 个令人感到荣耀的人,一件令人感到 荣耀的事 ill I I I I I Isuccess成功a success 一个成功的人,一件成功的事(2016-全国乙卷)Today all
4、 three generations regard the move as a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities现在,三代人都认为这次搬迁是一次成功,给予了他们在不同城市居住时 更紧密的关系。考点二冠词不定冠词()不定冠词的基本用法1.表示泛指某个人或事物。 ;(2016-全国甲卷)Are you interested in becoming a musician and getting a recording contract?你对成为一名音乐家并获得录
5、制合同感兴趣吗?2.用在第一次提到的单数可数名词前,表示泛指。My friend John is a handsome young man, a young man everyone likes to work with.我的朋友约翰是一个英俊的年轻人,每个年轻人都喜欢与他共事。83.表示某一个”,相当于a certain0I remember he came here on a Sunday and left soon.我记得他在某个星期天来过,并且很快就离开了。4.用在序数词前,表示“再一,又一” oHe missed the gold medal in the high jump, bu
6、t he will get a second chance in the long jumpI他在跳高比赛中没得到金牌,但是在跳远比赛中他还有机会。 5.用在形容词的比较级前,表示“一个更的”。I IIf we sit near the front of the bus, well have a better view.如果我们坐在公共汽车的前部,视野就会更好些。6.用于物质名词或抽象名词具体化时。物质名词或抽象名词仅表示概念时,是不可数名词,前面不加不定冠词。 但如果表示具体的人或事,特别是前面有形容词修饰时,就变成了可数名词, 前面可加不定冠词。 ;Tony is a famous pia
7、nistlm absolutely certain that his concert this Sunday will be a success.托尼是一位著名的钢琴家,我十分确信这个星期天他的音乐会一定会成功。(二)固定搭配中的不定冠词不定冠词常用于某些固定搭配中,常见的有:have a gift for 有 的天赋get a lift/ride 搭便车 lend sb. a hand帮助某人have a holiday 度假 pay a visit to 参观 as a result 因此as a rule通常,照例in a hurry匆忙地at a distance离一段距离a wast
8、e of 的浪费be/go on a diet 节食 a knowledge of 知道 make a living 谋生 for a while 暂时,一旳 a matter of 的问题有人口 I 占的面积What a pity!真遗憾!a collection of 一批 have a good time 玩得高兴 in a sense/way在某种意义上 all of a sudden 突然have a population ofcover an area of二定冠词(-)定冠词的基本用法 ;1.特指双方都知道的或上文提到过的人或物。I went to a university in
9、 New Zealand.The university was founded in the early twentieth century.我在新西兰的一所大学就读,这所大学建立于20世纪初。2.用于单数可数名词或形容词前,表示一类人或物。 As we all know, the brain is the centre of thought. 众所周知,大脑是思维的中心。 I I ;As a matter of fact, the rich arent always h叩py.事实上富人并非总是快乐的。名师点津the rich 富人the poor 穷人the old老人the young年
10、轻人“the+血厂表示一类人的常用短语:the dead 死者the aged 老人1 the living活着的人 】the injured/wounded 受伤的人3.用于库数词和形容词或副词最高级以及形容词only, very, same等之前。(2016-全国甲卷)Wete bringing you an exciting evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands.I我们带你去参加当地最好的摇滚和流行音乐之夜。 I I 4.用于被限制性修饰语加以限制的人或物前。(2014-陕西高考单选)The villag
11、e where I was born has grown into a town. 我岀生的村庄已变成了一个城镇。5.用于表示朝代 年代的名词前,或用于整十的数词复数前,表示某个年As is well known to alb the Second World War broke out in the 1930s. 众所周知,二战爆发于20世纪30年代。6.用于表示姓氏的复数名词前,表示一家人或夫妇俩。The Smiths lived in the apartment above ours.史密斯夫妇住在我们楼上的公寓里。7.用于世界上独一无二的事物前。No one knows exactly
12、 how the moon came into existence, as it h叩pened so long ago.I没有人确切知道月球是怎样形成的,因为这发生在很久之前。&用于被演奏的西洋乐器前。 Illi IAs far as I know, he likes playing the piano.据我所知,他喜欢弹钢琴。(二)固定结构及固定短语中的定冠词。1.固定结构中的定冠词(1)用于“by+the+表示计量单位的名词”结构中,表示“按”计算” o -Its said that John will be in a job paying over $60, 000 a year.Ri
13、ght, he will also get paid by the week.据说,约翰将获得一个年薪超过6万美元的工作。I I ; 是的,他的工资还将按周支付。(2)用于“动词+sb+介词+the+身体某一部分”结构中。His nose bled when the thief hit him in the face.那个贼打到了他的脸,他鼻子出血了。 I 用于 the more.the more.(越 越 )结构中。The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make. 你越小心,就会越少犯错误。2.固定短语中的定冠词 at t
14、he moment此刻;目前 in the end最后,最终 to tell the truth 说实话 to the point中肯;切题 at the same time 同时 on the contrary 相反on the whole总的来说in the distance 在远处by the way顺便说一下in the middle of 在 中间三零冠词(一)零冠词的基本用法 ;下列情况下不用冠词。 Illi;1.表示泛指的不可数名词或复数名词前。 I I :Keeping a diary is a good habit, by which youll make great pro
15、gress. 记日记是一个可以让你取得巨大进步的好习惯。Telephones are still playing an important role in peoples life.电话在人们的生活中仍然起着重要的作用。2.表示月份 季节 星期几 节假日、洲 三餐 球类 学科 棋类名词 前。A year can be divided into four seasons-spring, summer, autumn and winter. 一年可以分为四季春、夏、秋、冬。3.与by连用的表示交通工具 通讯工具的名词前。Are you going there by plane or by ship
16、?你是乘飞机还是乘船去那里?4.系动词tum后的单数名词作表语时。After years of hard work, Tom turned engineer while Mary good manager1多年的努力之后,汤姆成了工程师而玛丽成了一位好经理。I :1 5.表示头衔和职务的名词作表语、同位语或补足语时。 I Dr.Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, “A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge. ”,这所学校的校长彼得斯彭斯博士告诉我们说:
17、“这里五分之一的学生都会 到牛津大学或者剑桥大学继续学习。”(二)固定结构及固定短语中的零冠词1.固定结构中的零冠词“零冠词+单数名词+as/though+主语+谓语,主句”,意为“虽然但曰 ”疋 0Young man as he is, he has seen much of the world.尽管他很年轻,但他阅历很丰富。2.固定短语中的零冠词 on purpose故意地 catch fire 着火 face to face 面对面 make room for 让位 in shape 健康 in danger在危险中 from time to time 不时地 day after day
18、日复一日地by chance 碰巧at dawn在黎明 1 out of date过时的in debt负债on foot步行side by side 并排hand in hand 手拉手 heart and soul全心全意地(2014-江苏高考单项填空)Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups too to stay in shape.1汤姆总是在早上慢跑,他通常也做俯卧撑来保持健康。I I (2016天津高考)The dictionary is out of date: many words ha
19、ve been added to the language since it was published.这本字典过时了:自从它出版以来,这门语言已增添了许多单词。高效练跟踪检测I卿強勘跨越雅通关I 单句语法填空1.(2017-汕头二模)Without the proper treatment, minor (injury)orburns could lead to more suffering and even loss of lives.injuries 句意:如果得不到妥善治疗,轻伤或轻度烧伤可能会导致更大的 痛苦甚至死亡。形容词后需加名词作主语,injury为可数名词,minor前没有
20、不 定冠词,故需用injury的复数形式injuries表示泛指。2.(2017* 青岛一模)They were the kind that I did not have in my (collect) so I placed them carefully in my bag.collection 句意:因为它们是我收藏中没有的那种,因此我把它们小心地 放在了我的包里。形容词性物主代词后需用名词形式,故答案为collectiono 【导学号:603122473.(2017烟台 3 月诊断)Three months later, Zejd was able to communicatehappi
21、ly with all his classmates about regular things like homework and (game).1 games 句意:三个月后,Zejd能够和他的同班同学很愉快地对诸如家庭 作业、游戏等常规事情进行交流了。介词like后需用名词形式,game为可数名 词,在本句中表示泛指,故用其复数形式。4.(2017-泰兴质量检测)For sustainable development, the government has decided to give (prefer)to those energy-conserving and environment-
22、friendlybusinesses in many aspects.preference 句意:为了可持续发展,政府已经决定在很多方面给那些节能环保企业优惠。give preference to.iq 以优惠。5.(2017-江西红色七校一联)As he approached the bridge, the sound got louder and then he saw pitiful sight.a 句意:他快到那座桥时,声音变得更大了。然后他看到了一幕凄惨的景 象。设空处后的名词sight作“景象,情景”讲时,为可数名词,在本句中表泛 指,故与不定冠词连用。6.(2017山东下学期综合
23、测试II)Recently when he took look at hiscollection of books, he discovered the old book borrowed 61 years ago.句意:最近,当他查看他的藏书时,他发现了那本61年前借的旧书伫亦。alook(at.f为固定短语,意为“看一看”。7.(2017-烟台 3 月诊断)But a parent of another child came 叩 with evenbetter ideagetting the whole class to learn sign language along with Zej
24、d.an 句意:但是,另外一位孩子的家长想岀了一个甚至更好的主意让 全班的学生和Zejd 起学习手语。设空处后的idea为可数名词,在本句中表泛 指,故设空处用不定冠词;设空处后的even以元音音素开头,故答案为血。8.(2017芜湖、马鞍山第一次质检)Most seriously, relying on smartphones to make friends does not give us same advantage as making new friends inthe real world.the 句意:最严重的是,依赖智能手机交友并不能给我们带来与在现实世一样的界交友同样的益处。t
25、he same.as.意为“与和9.(2017*江西师大附中、鹰潭一中 4 月联考)For your generation to live in better world, there is so much more our generation can do.为了让你们这一代生活在更好的世界里,我们这一代有很多事情 可以做。“+比较级+名词”意为更的”。10.(2017*漳州质检)Zhangzhou City has gained a good (repute)forhaving successfully hosted the Flower Expo.reputation 句意:漳州市因成功
26、举办了花卉博览会而赢得美誉。由空前的 冠词a及形容词good,可断定此处应用名词单数形式。repute为不可数名词,故 填 reputation o gain a good reputation 获得好名声。II 单句改错1.(2017-南平 3 月质检)Often she buys some toy for him to play with, especiallyon his birthday.toy-toys 句意:她经常为他买一些玩具来玩,尤其是在他生日那天。some 意为“一些”,故需将后面的名词toy改为复数形式。2.(2017-邯郸一模)During the next few da
27、ys, we visited the world-famous sight, such as the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, and the Forbidden City, which contain a large number of precious treasures.sight-sights 句意:在以后的几天中,我们参观了诸如长城、颐和园、紫 禁城等世界级景点,这些地方有大量的稀有珍宝。根据Muchas the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, and the Forbidden City” 可知需将 sight 改为
28、 sights0 3.(2017-邯郸一模)In the Spring Festival, my family and I went to Beijing and had different holiday.different holiday前加a 句意:春节时,我和我的家人去了北京,度过了一个不寻常的假期。have a holiday为固定短语,意为“度假”。4.(2017-黄冈 3 月质检)1 was walking to school this morning when I caught asight of an old woman with a walking stick lying on the ground.去掉sight前的a 句意:今天上午我正在步行去上学,这时我看到了一位 手拿拐杖的老妇人躺在地上。catch sight of为固定短语,意为“看见”。故将sight 前的。去掉。5.(2017温州联考)0皿 Monday afternoon, we were playing the basketball in the playground when I suddenly slipped and fell over.