1、工商管理专业英语答案工商管理专业英语答案【篇一：工商管理专业英语(郑琦,华东师范大学出版社) 课后习题及翻译】翻译 contingent dynamic conflict compromise interdependent reliancepopularitysufficientinsightsgeneralizememoirsclassicmanagement sciencebehavioralintegrate sole 1、the managers described their own experiences and tried to (generalize) the principl
2、es they believed could be applied in similar situations. 管理人员描述了自己的经历和试图推广的原则，他们认为可以应用在类似的情况下。 2、even today ,a great deal of what we know about management comes from the autobiographies and （memoirs） of men and women who are or have been practicing managers. 甚至在今天, 我们所了解的管理学也都出自于那些管理人员的自传和论文集。 3、acc
3、ording to the text ,the three well-established approaches to management thought are the (classical) approach ,which focuses on the task of managing work and organizations ;the (behavioral) approach ,which focuses on the task of managing people;and the (management science)approach,which focus on the
4、task of production and operations. 根据本文，管理思想中有三个行之有效的方法，分别是古典方法、行为方法和管理学科学方法，其中古典方法专注于管理工作和组织的任务,行为方法专注于管理人的任务，管理学科学方法专注于生产和运营的任务。 4、during the last 30 years or so ,there have been attempts to (integrate) the three approaches to management classical ,behavioral ,and management science . 在过去的30年中,人们试
5、图将古典的、行为的和科学的管理方法融合为一个整体。 5、the contingency approach ,stresses that the correctness of a managerial practice is (contingent) on how it fits the particular situation in which it is applied . 权变方法，强调管理实践的正确性取决于它是否适合特定的应用情况。 6、in solving problems ,managers using the systems approach must view the organ
6、ization as a (dynamic) whole and must try to anticipate the intended as well as unintended impacts of their decisions . 在使用系统方法解决问题时,管理者必须把组织作为一个动态的整体,必须设法预测影响他们决定的预期因素和意外因素。 7、the age-old confrontation between the production objective of low costs and the marketing objective of a broad product line
7、 is a good example of the interrelated nature of management problems .each objectives (conflicts) with the other . 在低成本的生产目标与拓宽生产线的营销目标之间由来已久的冲突是一个管理学问题内在联系的好例子。每个目标之间都存在冲突。 8、the objectives of individual parts must be (compromised) to meet the objectives of the entirefirm . 各个部分的目标必须让步于整个公司的目标。 9、t
8、he systems approach forces managers to recognize that organizations are systems made up of (interdependent) parts and that a change in one part affects other parts . 系统方法将迫使管理者认识到组织由相互依存的部分组成,一个部分的变化会影响其他部分。 10、the contingency approach has grown in (popularity) over the last two decades because rese
9、arch has found that ,given certain characteristics of a job and certain characteristics of people doing the job ,specific management practices tend to work better than others . 在过去的二十年中，权变方法变得越来越普及,因为研究发现,了解一个工作的某些特点和做这项工作的人的某些特征,具体管理实践往往比其他人工作地更好。 11、managers around the globe use more of a continge
10、ncy approach to survive .sole (reliance) on a classical or behavioral or a management science approach is not (sufficient) for organizations. 经理在全球范围内使用的应急方法才能生存。仅仅依赖古典的、行为的或者科学的管理方法对于一个组织来说是不够的。 12、both the systems approach and the contingency approach can provide valuable insights and complement t
11、he classical ,behavioral ,and management science approaches . 系统方法和权变方法可以为古典的、行为的和科学的管理方法提供宝贵的见解和补充。【篇二：工商管理专业英语翻译汇总】agement began early in the 20th century when classical theorists,economists,and industrial engineers offered a classical approach to increase the productivity of individuals and organ
12、izations. 2. 例如一种管理理论for example ,a management theory that emphasizes employee satisfaction may be more helpful in dealing with a high employee turnover than with delays in production. 3. 甚至在今天even today ,a great deal of what we know about management comes from the autobiographies and memoirs of men
13、 and women who are or have been practicing managers. 4. 尽管这些办法although these approaches evolved in historical sequence ,later ideas have always replaced early ones. 5. 在过去的30年during the last 30 years or so ,there have been attempts to integrate the three approaches to managementclassical,behavioral,
14、and management science. 6. 在这种情况下in this situation ,a compromise is necessary for the overall syetem to achieve its objective. 7. 例如严格的计划for example ,rigid plans,clearly defined jobs,antocratic leadership ,and tight controls have at times resulted in high productivity and satisfied workers. 8. 换言之in
15、 other words,the contingency approach seeks match different situations with different management methods. 9. 当然富有远见of cause ,having a vision is no guarantee of success. 10. 通常一份任务a mission statement often focus on the market and customers that the company serves. 11. 这些管理人员these managers are the str
16、ategists who develop the plans that guide the organization toward its goals. 12. 与其他人的沟通all the skills required to communicate with other people ,work effectively with them , motive them ,and lead them are interpersonal skills. 13. 为了把梦想变成in order to transform vision to reality ,managers must define specific goals and objectives. 14. 最好的企业目标the best organizational ,measurable ,re
