1、疋语分为前置疋语和后置疋语难点状语的识别定语的识别宾语补足语考点P八、1.划分句子结构识别句子的主要成分能够准确的翻译句子技能提升通过本课的学习，使学生能够清楚的划分出句子的主要成分及次要成分，并能够清楚的理解句子结构教学效果自评及课后反思教学进程和教学内容（一） 句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分：主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定 语、状语、补足语和同位语。（二） 主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在 there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词
2、、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。一句话语法：主语由名词性的词来充当例如：During the 1990s, America n country music has become more and more popular 名词）The stude nts all love their En glish teacher.We ofte n speak En glish in class.（代词）They go to school by bus.One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the
3、 river is a great pleasure/不定式）To see is to believe.Smoki ng does harm to the health/动名词）Watch ing TV too much is bad for your eyes.It s no use regretting it.The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an En glish test has not bee n decided主 语从句）It is necessary to master a forei
4、gn Ianguage（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三） 谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。注意动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语，不能作谓语。谓语由动词充当。有很多同学在写作的时候容易犯的错误就是要么乱用be动词，要么句子没有谓语动词.1、可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词 （表动作）和连系动词（表状态），行为动词根据其 后是否可直接接宾语，又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。（1） 、及物动词作谓语We should help each other.They respect one ano ther.All of the stude nt
5、s like the no vel.Did you see many people there?（2） 、不及物动词作谓语He left here yesterday.You re driving too fast.The teacher came in, book in hand.He went abroad in the September of 1988.（3 ）连系动词表状态He is an excelle nt teacher.Her son is a frie nd of ours.Ours is a great coun try.The box itself is not so
6、heavy.2、谓语的构成如下：（1） 、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如： He practices running every morning.（2） 、复合谓语：（a）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。注意 ：这里面的动词原 形非常重要.女口： You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （b） 由系动 词加表语构成。 We are stude nts.（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get look, grow, turn, seem等
7、）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动 名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。一句话语法:表语使用形容词，不用副词！Our teacher of En glish is an America n.（名词）They are brother and sister.Joh n is capta in of the team.Is it yours?（代词）What I want to say is this.The poor boy was myself.The weather has tur ned cold.（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分词）Th
8、ree times seve n is twenty one?（数词）Her father is sixty-five.His job is to teach English.（不定式）All you n eed do is to take a taxi from the airport.His hobby （爱好）is playing football.（动名词）My favourite sport is swimmi ng.The mach ine must be out of order/介词短语）注意：副词可以做表语的只有几个，非常简单，考试不考，所以上面说：表语使用形容词，不用 副词
9、！我们所复习的语法直接针对高考，不是搞语法研究,这点请大家一定要记住。Time is up. The class is over.（副词）The truth is that he has n ever bee n abroad-表语从句）（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。充当宾语的可以是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或整个句子。宾语由名词性的词充当，宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语，分别构成动宾结构和 介词结构,这点非常重要，务必要牢记.例如：They we nt to see an exhibiti on （展览）yesterday.（名词）The heavy r
10、ain preve nted me form coming to school on time.（代词）How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）He prete nded not to see me.（不定式短语）I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）I think （that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语
11、+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please如果同 学搞不清楚什么是双宾语，记下下面这个句子：give me a book.一人一物做宾语就是双宾语.说 得白一点，双就是两个的意思.（2）复合宾语（宾语 + 宾补）,例如：They elected him their monitor.（六） 宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语， 才能使句子的意义完整，宾语补足语与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如 make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短
12、语和从句充当。宾语补足语使用形容词，不用副词.例如：His father named him Dongming.（名词）They pain ted their boat white.（形容词）You must keep it clea n.Tom found the climb quite easyLet the fresh air in.（畐寸词）You mustnforce him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）I have a lot of work to do.She has ple nty of clothes to wear.He made me
13、repeat the storyWe saw her en teri ng the room.（现在分词）I have the car wait ing.Why don t you have your hair cut?-ed 分词）We had the mach ine repaired.I had my watch stole n yesterdayWe found everyth ing in the lab in good order.（介词短语）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）（注意：后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词
14、有call, name, think, make, choose等；后跟形容词作宾语补足语的动词有 keep, find, get, thi nk, make等；动词不定式作宾语补足语时，当谓语动词为感官动词如 feel, see, hear, notice, watch, observe,listen to,look at等，使役动词如let, have, make等，动词不定式不带to。）（七） 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语，是句子中的次要成分。可 分为前置定语和后置定语。一般有形容词，形容词性物主代词、副词、数词、介词短语、动 词不定式、分词（短语）或句子充当。定语
15、使用形容词 例如：Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）Mr. Gree n has two sons.（数词）The man downstairs couldn t sleeplWChi na is a develop ing coun try; America is a developed coun try.（分词）A man going to die is always kin d-hearted.The suggesti on sent to the committee was adopted.There are thirty wome n teachers
16、is our school.（名词）Can you find out the answer to the question.His rapid progress in En glish made us surprised 代词）Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）Would you like someth ing to drink?The teach ing pla n for n ext term has bee n worked out.（动名词）A bark ing dog seldom bites.
17、He is read ing an article about how to lear n En glish.（介词短语）The girl un der the tree is Kate.Do you know the man who is sta nding n ext to Mr. Green从 句）（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。状语用副词，不用形容词，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可 由副词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词或状语从句来充当。Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）He has lived in the city
18、 for ten years.（介词短语）He is proud to have passed the n ati onal college entrance exam in ation 不定式短语）He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）Wait a minute.（名词）Once you beg in, you must continu e.（状语从句）状语种类如下：How about meeti ng aga in at six?（时间状语）Hearing the news, they felt very excited.Go along
19、 this street un til you reach the end.Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）Pan das on ly live in Chi na.You should put the book where it was.Last ni ght she did n t go to the dance party because of the rain（原因状语） I m glad to meet you.Being ill, he didn t go to school.I have quite a lot of work to
20、 do.（程度状语）I shall go there if it doesntrain.（条件状语）If you don t work hard, you ll fall behind the others.Give n more atte nti on, the flowers would have grow n better.She put the eggs into the basket with great car（方式状语）We usually go to school on foot.Please do it as I told you.She came in with a dic
21、tionary in her hand.（伴随状语）The doctor hurried off, with a medic ine box un der his arm.The teacher came into the classroom, followed by a group of his stude nts.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）We ll go to the beach for a pic nic this Sun day.He took some cha nge from hi
22、s pocket to buy a n ewspaper.She got up early so that she could catch the first bus.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）The wi nd was so stro ng that we could hardly move forward.He left early, so that he caught the train.She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）Though she has a
23、 lot of mon ey, she is un happy.No matter what happens, I will never lose heart.I am taller than he is.（比较状语）Your watch is not the same as mine.Mike is not as （so） tall as Jack.课堂金思维训练题指出下列句中主语的中心词1the teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.2there is an old man coming here.3t
24、he useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.选出句中谓语的中心词（10分，10分钟）1i dont like the picture on the wall.a. dont b. like c. picture d. wall2the days get l on ger and Ion ger whe n summer comes.a. get b. l on ger c. days d. summer3do you usually go to school by bus?a. do b. usually c. go d. bus
25、4there will be a meeti ng at the library this after noon.a. will be b. meeti ng c. the library d. after noon5did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?a. did b. twi ns c. have d. Breakfast挑出下列句中的宾语.a b c d2people all over the world speak english.3you must pay good attention to your pronunciati
26、on.4how many new words did you learn last class?5some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?课后学生感悟课后强化训练题挑出下列句中的表语1、 the leaves have turned yellow.a bed2、 soon they all became interested in the subject.挑出下列句中的定语1they use mr. mrs. with the family name.2what is your given name?3on the third lap are class 1 and class 3.
