1、adv. tacitlytaciturn寡言少语的;沉默寡言的;不苟言笑的Ataciturnperson does not say very much and can seem unfriendly.Aman, he replied to my questions in monosyllables.他寡言少语，回答我的问题时只是往外蹦单字。underlyingndrla潜在的；隐藏的；深层的；根本的Thefeatures of an object, event, or situation are not obvious, and it may be difficult to discover
2、or reveal them.To stop a problem you have to understand itscauses.要想杜绝问题的发生，必须弄清它的深层原因。I think that theproblem is education, unemployment and bad housing.我认为深层的问题在于教育、失业和糟糕的住房条件。2.表面下的；下层的You describe something aswhen it is below the surface of something else.hills with the hardrock poking through t
3、he turf.坚硬的下层岩石穿过草皮凸出来的山丘Cars were covered with clear-coat finish at the factory to protect theunderlyingpaint from fading工厂给汽车上了透明罩漆，以防底漆褪色underlieVERB为的起因；构成的基础If somethingunderliesa feeling or situation, it is the cause or basis of it.Try to figure out what feelingunderlies your anger.努力找出你的愤怒之下潜
4、藏的情感。.the energy which seems tounderlieall human success.人类一切成功背后似乎都不可缺少的干劲formidablef:rmdbl可怕的;令人惊叹的;艰巨的If you describe something or someone asformidable, you mean that you feel slightly frightened by them because they are very great or impressive.We have aformidabletask ahead of us.我们面临着一项艰巨的任务。Ma
5、rsalis has areputation in both jazz and classical music.马萨利斯在爵士乐和古典音乐领域都有极高的声望。She looked every bit asas her mother.她看上去和她母亲一样，令人望而生畏。formidably advdemonstrabledm:nstrbl可证明的;可论证的;可表明的;明显的fact or quality can be shown to be true or to exist.The road safety programme is having aeffect on road users.道路安
6、全方案在道路使用者身上逐渐显现出明显的效果。Despite itsspeed and safety, the boat failed to become popular.虽然其速度和安全性都可得到证明，但这种船还是不受欢迎。 v. demonstrate n. demonstration n. demonstrator 游行示威者;证明者，示范者;实物说明者; adj. demonstrative 公开表露感情的，感情外露的stigmastmN-VAR耻辱;污名If something has aattached to it, people think it is something to b
7、e ashamed of.There is a strong argument for remaining an unmarried mother. Theres nostigmaattached any more.有强有力的理由来支持未婚妈妈。这再也不是什么丢脸的事了。There is very littleattached to crime and criminals.人们几乎都不把犯罪和罪犯视为一种耻辱stigmatizestmtaz侮辱;污蔑;使蒙羞If someone or somethingis stigmatized, they are unfairly regarded by
8、many people as being bad or having something to be ashamed of.Children in single-parent families must not be stigmatised.单亲家庭的孩子们不应该受到歧视。The AIDS epidemic further stigmatised gays.艾滋病的流行让人们更加瞧不起男同性恋者。They are oftenstigmatized by the rest of society as lazy and dirty.他们经常被社会中的其他人污蔑为懒惰、肮脏。illuminatelu
9、mnet照亮;照明;照射Tosomething means to shine light on it and to make it brighter and more visible.No streetlightsilluminated the street.这条街上没有照明的路灯。The black sky wasilluminated by forked lightning.叉状的闪电照亮了黑沉沉的天空。阐释;说明If yousomething that is unclear or difficult to understand, you make it clearer by explai
10、ning it carefully or giving information about it.They use games and drawings totheir subject.他们用游戏和图画来阐明他们的主题n. illuminator n. illumination adj. illuminating 富于启发的consternationk:nstrnenN-UNCOUNT不安;忧虑;害怕Consternationis a feeling of anxiety or fear.His decision causedin the art photography community.他
11、的决定在艺术摄影圈内引起了恐慌。Sam stared at him inconsternation.萨姆惊恐不安地注视着他。v：consternateamalgamate mlmetV-RECIP-ERG（使）合并When two or more things, especially organizations,amalgamateorare amalgamated, they become one large thing.The firm has amalgamated with an American company.该公司和一家美国公司合并了。The chemical companies
12、 had amalgamated into a vast conglomerate.那些化学品公司已经合并成一个庞大的企业集团。The Visitors Centre amalgamates the traditions of the Old World with the technology of the New.来宾中心将欧洲的传统与美洲的技术结合在一起。n：amalgamation N：amalgamator 合并者，汞合金搅拌机;forefrontf:rfrntN-SING显著地位;重要位置;最前沿If you are atthe forefrontof a campaign or o
13、ther activity, you have a leading and influential position in it.They have been at theof the campaign for political change.他们一直处于政治变革运动的风口浪尖上。（思考或关注的）重心,焦点If something isatofpeoples minds or attention, they think about it a lot because it is particularly important to them.The pension issue was not a
14、t theof his mind in the spring of 1985.在 1985 年春，养老金问题并非他关注的重点。desegregatedi:seret废除（地区、机构或服务等）的种族隔离something such as a place, institution, or service means to officially stop keeping the people who use it in separate groups, especially groups that are defined by race.efforts tosport.为废除体育领域的种族隔离所作的
15、努力The school system itself is not totallydesegregated.教育体系本身并没有完全废除种族隔离。n ：desegregationsubsequentsbskwnt, -kwnt随后的;后来的You useto describe something that happened or existed after the time or event that has just been referred to.the increase of population inyears.随后几年人口的增长Those concerns were overshad
16、owed byevents.随后发生的事使之前所关注的那些问题显得无足轻重。PHRASE在之后;继之后If something happenedsubsequent tosomething else, it happened after that thing.They won only one more gameto their Cup semi-final win last year.继去年在杯赛半决赛中获胜后，他们仅又赢过一场比赛。subsequence 后继，随后，顺序* According to the logicalsubsequence, it includes three par
17、ts: value orientation, aim orientation and method orientation.邓小平决策思想按其内在的逻辑顺序, 可分为价值取向, 目标取向和方法取向.Adv：subsequentlybigotedbtd固执的；执拗的；顽固不化的Someone who ishas strong, unreasonable prejudices or opinions and will not change them, even when they are proved to be wrong.He wasand racist.他非常偏执，而且具有种族歧视思想。bi
18、gotbtN-COUNT固执的人；执拗的人；顽固不化的人If you describe someone as abigot, you mean that they are bigoted.bigotrybtri偏执；顽固Bigotryis the possession or expression of strong, unreasonable prejudices or opinions.He deplored religiousbigotry.他强烈谴责了宗教偏执。invidiousnvdis（任务、工作）招致不满的，引起反感的If you describe a task or job as
19、invidious, you mean that it is unpleasant because it is likely to make you unpopular.The local authority could find itself in theposition of having to refuse.当局可能会发现自己处于必须要拒绝但又会因此而不得人心的境地。（比较、选择）不公平的，难以决定的Ancomparison or choice between two things is an unfair one because the two things are very diff
20、erent or are equally good or bad.Police officers fearcomparisons.警官担心会进行不公正的比较。It isto make a selection.不相上下，很难选择。invidiousness Adv：invidiouslyposterityp:sterti后裔；子孙；后代You can refer to everyone who will be alive in the future as.A photographer recorded the scene on video forposterity.摄影师用摄像机为后代记录下了这
21、个场景。Was he making these notes for the benefit ofposterity?他写下这些笔记是为让后人受益吗？posteriorp:stri臀部；屁股Some-ones bottom can be referred to as theirposterior背部的；后部的Posteriordescribes something that is situated at the back of something else.leg muscles.腿部后侧的肌肉adv：posteriorly其次地，后来地searingsr灼热的;强烈的Searingis use
22、d to indicate that something such as pain or heat is very intense.She woke to feel apain in her feet.她醒来感到脚上火辣辣地痛。heat of the Saudi Arabian desert.沙特阿拉伯沙漠的灼热（言谈、文章）吹毛求疵的，尖刻的,苛责的speech or piece of writing is very critical.searingcriticism.尖刻的批评searinglysear烧掉的表面;烧焦searsomething means to burn its surf
23、ace with a sudden intense heat.Grass fires haveseared the land near the farming village of Basekhai.草地野火烧焦了巴斯克亥农庄附近的土地。烧灼;灼伤;灼痛searsa part of your body, it causes a painful burning feeling there.I distinctly felt the heat start tomy throat.我分明感觉到嗓子开始烧得难受。depravitydprvti堕落;腐化;道德败坏;邪恶Depravityis very
24、dishonest or immoral behaviour.the righteous struggle between decency anddepravity.在高尚和堕落之间的道德挣扎depravationChildhood was nothing butdepravationand humiliation.堕落与羞辱充塞著他的童年.deprave使堕落;使腐化;使败坏;使邪恶Something thatdepravessomeone makes them morally bad or evil.material likely todepraveor corrupt those who see it.看了可能会使人腐化堕落的东西allegation指控;指责allegationis a statement saying that someone has done something wrong.The company has denied theallegations.公司否认了这些指控。Allegations of brutality and theft have been levelled at the army.有人指责军队中存在着
