1、学年人教版高二英语暑假作业182017-2018学年人教版高二英语暑假作业（18）一、阅读理解1. Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress. This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress-re
2、lated disorders. Until now, psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same “fight-or-flight” reaction to stress. In other words, individuals either react with aggressive behavior, such as verbal or physical conflict (“fight”), or they react by withdrawing from the stress
3、ful situation (“flight”). However, the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress. While men often react to stress in the fight-or-flight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called “tend and befriend”.
4、 That is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young (“tend”), and by looking for social contact and support from others-especially other females (“befriend”). Scientists have long known that in the fight-or-flight reaction to stress, an important role is played
5、 by certain hormones released by the body. The UCLA research team suggests that the female tend-or-befriend response is also based on a hormone. This hormone, called oxytocin, has been studied in the context of childbirth, but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and wome
6、n to stress. The principal investigator, Dr. Shelley E. Taylor, explained that “animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more social, and less anxious.” While men also secrete(分泌) oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones. In terms of everyday behavior, the
7、UCLA study found that women are far more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed. They may phone relatives or friends, or ask directions if they are lost. The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a str
8、essful day at work. The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs. The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency
9、 of stress-related disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior. The tend-and-befriend regulatory(调节的) system may protect women against stress, and this may explain why women on average live longer than men.1.The UCLA study shows that in response to stress, men are more likely than w
10、omen to_.A.turn to friends for helpB.solve a conflict calmlyC.find an escape from realityD.seek comfort from children2.Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage?A.Men have a higher level of oxytocin than women.B.People with low levels of oxytocin are more relaxed.C.Both
11、animals and people have high levels of oxytocin.D.Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men.3.What can be learned from the passage?A.Male hormones help build up the bodys resistance to stress.B.In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does.C.Biological differences lead
12、to different behavioral responses to stress.D.The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings.4.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.How men and women get over stress.B.How men and women suffer from stress.C.How researchers overcome stress problems.D.How
13、researchers handle stress-related disorders.2 Manners nowadays in big cities like London are particularly non-existent.Its nothing for a big,strong schoolboy to push an elderly woman aside in the dash for the last remaining seat on a bus,much less stand up and offer his seat to her,as he ought to.In
14、 fact,it is saddening to note that if a man does offer his seat to an older woman,it is nearly always one from the older generation. This question of giving up seats in public transport is much argued by young men,who say that,since women have claimed equality,they no longer deserve to be treated wi
15、th courtesy and that those who go out to work should take their tum in the rat race like anyone else.Women have never claimed to be physically as strong as men.Even if its not agreed,however,that young men should stand up for older women,the fact remains that courtesy should be shown to the old,the
16、sick and the burdened. Are we really so lost to all ideals of unselfishness that we can sit there indifferently reading the paper or a book,saying to ourselves First come,first served,while a gray-haired woman,a mother with a young child or a cripple stands?Yet this is too often seen. Older people,tired and easy annoyed from a days work,arent angels,either-far from it.Many an argument or an ins
