1、s ArianeGroup.Guglielmo Aglietti, the director of Surrey Space Center, said that an operational version of the RemoveDEBRlS technology would cast a net that remains fastened to the main satellite so the debris can be dragged out of orbit. It could target large pieces of junk, including dead satellit
2、es up to 10 meters long.The RemoveDEBRIS satellite will conduct a few more experiments in the coming months, including testing navigation features that could help guide the satellite to a specific piece of debris.Jonathan McDowell, an astrophysicist at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
3、, said the success of this weeks experiment was exciting, but he cautioned against over- publicizing it.There are still enormous barriers to clear before operational cleanup tasks are underway, he said, and the most discouraging is figuring out how to fund such projects.Aglietti, the Surrey professo
4、r who helped lead the RemoveDEBRIS project, said The challenge will lie in persuading the relevant authorities to sponsor these tasks. Aglietti said he hopes RemoveDEBRIS will conduct a few cleanup tasks per year, targeting the largest pieces of junk in the most crowded orbits.（1）What is the use of
5、the RemoveDEBRIS satellite? A.Demonstrating space technology.B.Imitating a developing technique.C.Collecting wastes existing in space.D.Symbolizing great progress in space.（2）How does the RemoveDEBRlS satellite work?By throwing a net to take the junk from orbit.By fastening it to the main satellite
6、tightly.By dragging satellites up to 10 meters long.By targeting large pieces of junk carefully.（3）What does the underlined word sponsor in the last paragraph probably mean?Accomplish.Support.Oppose.Provide.（4）Whats the best title for the text?The RemoveDEBRIS Project Is PerfectHow RemoveDEBRIS Is I
7、nvented in the LabWhy the RemoveDEBRIS Satellite Is InventedSatellite Collects Space Junk for the First Time【答案】 （1）C（2）A（3）B（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“卫星首次收集太空垃圾。”一种名为“清除碎片”的实验清理设备成功地在一颗虚拟卫星周围撒网，模仿一种有朝一日可能收集太空垃圾的技术。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中“.,imitating a technique that could one day collect spaceborne garba
8、ge.”模仿一种有一天可以收集太空垃圾的技术。可知，the RemoveDEBRIS卫星的用途是收集太空中存在的废物。故选C。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第六段中的“.,said that an operational version of the RemoveDEBRlS technology would cast a net that remains fastened to the main satellite so the debris can be dragged out of orbit. It could target large pieces of junk, including
9、dead satellites up to 10 meters long.“该公司表示，一种操作性版本的RemoveDEBRlS技术将会在主卫星上撒网，这样碎片就可以被拖出轨道。它可以瞄准大块的垃圾，包括长达10米的报废卫星。”可知，RemoveDEBRlS卫星是通过撒网把垃圾带离轨道。故选A。 （3）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的”Aglietti said he hopes RemoveDEBRIS will conduct a few cleanup tasks per year, targeting the largest pieces of junk in the most crow
10、ded orbits.“Aglietti说，他希望清理碎片的工作每年能进行几次，目标是最拥挤轨道上最大的垃圾碎片。可知，“挑战在于说服有关当局赞助这些任务。”可知，划线词的意思是“支持”。故选B。 （4）考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的”The test, which was carried out this week, is widely believed to be the first successful demonstration of space cleanup technology, experts told CNN. And it symbolizes an early step t
11、oward solving what has already been a critical issue: junk in space.“专家告诉CNN，本周进行的这次测试被广泛认为是太空清洁技术的首次成功演示。它象征着解决太空垃圾这一关键问题的第一步。可知，本文主题是“卫星首次收集太空垃圾”。故选D。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2（2019天津）阅读理解 How does an ecosystem（生态系统）work? W
12、hat makes the populations of different species the way they are? Why are there so many flies and so few wolves? To find an answer, scientists have built mathematical models of food webs, noting who eats whom and how much each one eats. With such models, scientists have found out some key principles
13、operating in food webs. Most food webs, for instance, consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. When a predator（掠食动物）always eats huge numbers of a single prey（猎物）, the two species are strongly linked; when a predator lives on various species, they are weakly linked. Food webs may be
14、dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term. If a predator can eat several species, it can survive the extinction（灭绝）of one of them. And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare, the switch allows
15、 the original prey to recover. The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction. Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems. In the 1960s, scientists propo
16、sed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species-including species they did not directly attack. And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true. In the ocean, we fished fo
17、r top predators such as cod on an industrial scale, while on land, we killed off large predators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance. Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models. Ideally, the system would tell us when to adapt hum
18、an activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline. Prevention is key, scientists says because once ecosystems pass their tipping point（临界点）, it is remarkably difficult for them to return. （1）What have scientists discov
19、ered with the help of mathematical models of food webs？The living habits of species in food webs.The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems.The approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems.The differences between weak and strong links in food webs.（2）A strong link is found between two s
20、pecies when a predator_. has a wide food choicecan easily find new preysticks to one prey speciescan quickly move to another place（3）What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline？The prey species they directly attack will die out.The species they indirectly attac
21、k will turn into top predators.The living environment of other species will remain unchanged.The populations of other species will experience unexpected changes.（4）What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in Paragraph 4？Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.Rapid economic deve
22、lopment threatens animal habitats.Species of commercial value dominate other species.Industrial activities help keep food webs stable.（5）How does an early-warning system help us maintain the ecological balance？By getting illegal practices under control.By stopping us from killing large predators.By
23、bringing the broken-down ecosystems back to normal.By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action.【答案】 （1）B（2）C（3）D（4）A（5）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了借助食物网的数学模型，科学家们发现了一些在食物网运营的关键原则。科学家们说;因为一个生态系统越过了它的临界点，它们很难再回来。该系统将告诉我们何时适应人类活动，这些活动正将生态系统推向崩溃，或者甚至允许我们将生态系统从边缘拉回来，预防是关键。根据第二段中的“With such models
24、, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs.”可知，借助食物网的数学模型，科学家们发现了食物网中的一些关键原则。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“When a predator（掠食动物） always eats huge numbers of a single prey（猎物），the two species are strongly linked”可知，当捕食者总是吃大量的单一猎物，这两个物种是紧密相连的。 （3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“In the 1960s, scientist
25、s proposed that predators at the top of a food web had, a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species they did not directly attack”可知，处于食物网顶端的食肉动物对它们没有直接攻击的其他物种的种群数量有着惊人的控制，由此可推断出，如果食物链顶级食肉动物的数量大大下降，其他物种的种群将经历意想不到的变化。 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Ideally the system would tell us
26、 when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline”可知，人类过度的活动会将生态系统推向崩溃，由此可推断出，不受控制的人类活动极大地破坏了生态系统。 （5）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Scientists have built an early-warming system based on mathematical models. Ideall
27、y the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline.”可知，早期变暖系统发出紧急需要采取预防行动的信号帮助我们维持生态平衡。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3（2019全国）阅读理解 “You can use me as a last resort（选择）, and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids lacrosse（长曲棍球）club. I guess that theres probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to h
