1、Revision of Conjunctions连词,一、概念 在句子中用来连接两个或两个以上的词、短语或句子的词，叫连词。,二、分类按构成形式分类：简单连词：and before after but for 关联连词：both.and either.or.not.but neither.nor.分词连词：considering that provided that providing that suppose that supposing that 复合连词：as if as though even if even though except that but that as/so long
2、 as,2.按性质特点分类：并列连词和从属连词 并列连词：用来连接并列的词、短语和句子的连词。主要表示两个分句之间的并列关系、转折关系、选择关系和因果关系的连词。如：,从属连词：用来引导从句，一般连接主句与从句并修饰或说明主句的连词。从属连词通常引导名词性从句和状语从句。引导名词性从句的从属连词有：whether/if/that,Whether we will cancel evening classes depends on the coming education policy.The reason why we will cancel evening classes is that st
3、udents burdens are overloaded.,Revision ofthe Adverbial Clauses状语从句,九种状语从句,1.时间状语从句2.地点状语从句3.原因状语从句4.条件状语从句5.让步状语从句6.结果状语从句7.目的状语从句8.方式状语从句9.比较状语从句,九种常用的状语从句及其常用的连接词,1.时间状语从句,when,while,as,before,after,since,once,every time,each time,any time,the first/second/last time,by the time,as soon as,the mom
4、ent,the minute,the instant,the dayimmediately,directly,instantly,hardly/scarcelywhen/before,no soonerthan,till,until,notuntil,一.就.,区别,九种常用的状语从句及其常用的连接词,where,wherever,because,since,as,for,now that,in that（因为）considering that,seeing that,if,unless,as(so)long as,假如；如果：on condition that,provided that,p
5、roviding that suppose that supposing that,2.地点状语从句,3.原因状语从句,4.条件状语从句,九种常用的状语从句及其常用的连接词,6.结果状语从句,so that,sothat,suchthat,so that,in order that,in case,for fear(that）（注意:虚拟）,as（正如，正像）,as if/as though,than,asas,not so/asas,the+比较级,the+比较级,7.目的状语从句,8.方式状语从句,9.比较状语从句,5.让步状语从句,although,though,as,even thou
6、gh/even if,while(虽然）,no matter+which/what/when/where/who/how,whichever,wherever,whatever,whoever,whenever,however,whetheror；,用横线划出下列句子中的状语从句，并指出是哪种状语从句：,1.Child as she is,she knows a lot of things.2.The more I can do for the class,the happier Ill be.3.He talks as if(as though)he knew all about it.4.
7、He is such a good teacher that the students love and respect him.5.I shall go to the park unless it rains.6.No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.,让步,比较,方式,结果,条件,时间,7.Where there is water,there is life.8.He studied hard so that he could catch up with his classmates.9.Since you are very busy
8、,I wont trouble you.10.Even if(though)I fail.Ill never lose heart.11.Once you begin the work,you must continue.12.Although the sun was shining,it wasnt very warm.,用横线划出下列句子中的状语从句，并指出是哪种状语从句：,地点,目的,原因,让步,时间,让步,考点与难点归纳,1、when,while,as 的区别2、it is since 和 it isbefore3、because,as,for,since 的区别4、状语从句倒装5、状
9、语从句的省略。,考点与难点归纳,when可用来引导时间状语从句，意为“当的时候”从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的，也可以是终止性的。(区别while)如：When the film ended,they went back.2.When 常用于下列句式：when为并列连词意为“就在这时”。be doing when be about to dowhen be on the point of doing.when had donewhen,1.when,while,as,（一）连接词when的用法小结,1.while引导时间状语从句，意为“当的时候”；从句的动作必须是延续性的，(区别when)如：P
10、lease dont talk so loud while others are working.2.while引导时间状语从句,意为：趁的情况赶紧做 Strike while the iron is hot.3.while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”，相当于although While I admit that the problems are difficult,I dont agree that they cant be solved.4.while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。Jane was dressed in brown while Mary was dress
11、ed in blue.,（二）连接词while的用法小结,1.as可用来引导时间状语，意为“一边一边”；“随着”She sang as she walked home all the way.(一边一边）She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music.As she grew older,she became more beautiful.（随着）As the day went on,the weather got worse.2.as引导原因状语从句，意为“因为、由于”As she is free today,she w
12、ould like to do some shopping.3.as引导让步状语从句（从句必须倒装）意为“尽管”。Tired as he was,he refused to take a rest.（尽管）Hard as he worked,he cant work out the problem.Child as he is,he knows a lot.Try as he might,he wouldnt succeed.,（三）连接词as的用法小结,注意：as从句通常将作表语的adj/n.、作状语的adv、作谓语的do(情态动词后的动词原形)提到句首,但单数名词前的冠词必须省略。）,wh
13、en,while,as这三个连词都可表示“当的时候”。1)When通常表示一个时间点，如：When he came in,we were having supper.2)while则只表示一个时间段。它所引导的时间状语从句中的时态常用进行时态。如：While he was eating his breakfast,he heard the doorbell ring.3)as则强调主句和从句的动作在同一时间进行，表示“一边一边”;也可表示“随着”(with结构的互换）。She sang as she walked along.As the election approached,the vio
14、lence got worse.,连接词when,while,as的用法区别：,2.It is before 和 it is since,1）It will be/时间段before It will be two years before he leaves the country.2）It was+时间段+before It was three weeks before he came back 3）It will not be+时间段+before It wont be long before she comes back 4）It was not+时间段+before It wasnt
15、long before he left the country.,“要过才会”,“过了才”,“要不了就会”,“没过就”,It is before 结构,从句和主句的时态：1.一致：过去式 2.时态退一格：主句为将来时，从句为一般现在是,(1)从句常用一般过去时,主句常用现在完成时或完成进行时（表示时间段时，可用一般现在是）。(2)固定句型：It is/has been段时间since一般过去时。,It is since 结构,It is/has been时间段since如：It is/has been three years since she joined the army.,主句和从句的时
16、态：,3.because,as,for,since 表“因为”的区别,1、because表示事情发生的直接原因或理由，它的语气很强。He didnt come to school yesterday because he was ill.1)回答why的提问,必须用because。Why didnt he come yesterday?_ he had something important to do.ABecause BAs CSince DFor2)当有only，,all,partly,merely 等强调词或not等否定词时，The two girls were late again,which was partly because they got up late.3)在强调原因状语从句时，只能用because。It was because it rained hard that they put off the football match.,3种情况必须用 because,2、since常表示对方已经知道的既成事实，说话人根据这个事实得出某一种结论。其语气比because
