1、不能独立做谓语,跟主要动词构成谓语,表示疑问,否定及各种时态He doesnt speak Chinese。I am watching TV。情态动词 (mod. v。跟动词原形(有自己的词汇意思)不能独立做谓语。表示说话人语气、情态,无人称和数的变化We can do it by ourselves。That would be better。第二方面:短语动词,短语动词是由一些动词和其它词构成短语,表达一个完整的意思。其构成方式如下。构成方式动词+介词Look at, look after动词+副词Give up, put into动词+副词+介词Catch up with, look do
2、wn upon动词+名词+介词Take care of, pay attention toBe+形容词+介词Be proud of, be afraid of复杂结构Make up ones mind, wind ones way第三方面:按动词的形式可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词。1、 谓语动词形式人称与主语在人称一致I am reading now. 第一人称数与主语在数上一致He writes well. 第三人称单数时态表示动作发生的时间He wrote a letter to me last month. 过去时态语态主语是动作的发生者或者承受者We study English。主动T
3、he road was filled with rubbish. 被动语气说话人表达事实、要求、愿望等He has flown to America. 事实I wish I could fly to the moon some day. 愿望2、 非谓语动词用途不定式起形容词和名词作用可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语It takes me 20 minutes to go to school。动名词起名词作用作主语和宾语She likes reading。分词现在分词起形容词、副词作用,表主动作表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语The cup is broken过去分词起形容词、副词作用,表被动Th
4、e steam is seen rising from the wet clothes。名词的数可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。这和汉语不同,比如,在汉语中,我们说一个苹果,那就是一个苹果,没什么特殊变化。你要说三个苹果,只需把“一”换成“三”就可以了。而在英语中,一个苹果是one apple,三个苹果是 three apples,不仅数量词变化了,名词也有相应的变化。下面我们就将名词变复数的规则分为规则变化和不规则变化。第一部分:规则变化情况构成法读音例词一般情况(包括以e结尾的名词)加-s-s在清辅音ptk f后读Cups, cats, cakes, roofs, flags, keys,
5、faces在浊辅音和元音后读z口诀:清清浊浊元浊以s, x, ch, sh结尾加-esClasses, boxes, watches, brushes以辅音+y结尾变y为i,加es读zCities, countries, studies以元音+y结尾Boys, rays, days有人还把以下两个加入了名词有规则变复数的行列:以o 结尾Heroes, tomatoes, potatoes, NegroesBamboos, radios, zoos, photos, pianos以f, fe结尾变f, fe为v,再加-es读vzLeaf-leavesLife-livesWife-wivesThi
6、ef-thievesHalf-halvesKnife-knivesWolf-wolvesSelf-selvesLoaf-loaves读Roofs, proofs, chiefs, beliefs, gulfs第二部分:不规则变化我们经常会看到有些名词变复数时并没有遵循上述规则。这就是名词的不规则变化。还有一些名词,单复数是同一个形式的。不过,我们还是可以通过一些比较,发现其中的一些奥妙。以下我将为大家讲讲名词的不规则变化。一、有些名词中保存了英语中古旧的复数形式,如:man-men woman-womentooth-teeth foot-feetchild-children goose-gee
7、semouse-mice ox-oxen二、有些是外来词,仍保有原来的复数形式,如:Phenomenon-phenomena(现象)Formula-formulae(公式)Thesis-theses(论文)Basis-bases(基础)Analysis-analyses(分析)Criterion-criteria(标准)Crisis-crises(危机)Appendix-appendices(附录)三、部分单词的复数形式不变。例:fishfish; sheepsheep; cattlecattle; deerdeer; salmonsalmon, meansmeans四、compound no
8、uns,这类复数词是以主要的名词来表示daughter-in-lawdaughters-in-law 媳妇; father-in-lawfathers-in-law岳父man-of-warmen-of-war兵舰; maid-servantmaid-servantsstep-sonstep-sons晚子; son-in-lawsons-in-law。但是,也有些合成名词,特别是由man和woman构成的合成名词,里面所含的成分,全都要变为复数,如:Man-servant-men-servants,woman doctor-women doctors等五、有些名词经常是带着-s词尾的,但通常都作
9、单数看待,如:Phonetics(语音学),physics(物理学),optics(光学),politics(政治),news(新闻)等。六、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多bellows风箱; clothes; police; shorts短裤; scissors剪刀; spectacles眼镜; shears大剪刀,trousers长裤,wages工资,belongings所有物, surroundings环境,savings储蓄,findings调查结果,arms武器,clothes衣服,stairs楼梯,等七、另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,goods货物,water
10、s水域,fishes(各种)鱼,papers文件,证件,greens青菜,manners礼貌,ruins废墟,troops军队,looks外貌,times时代,等第三部分:不可数名词的计量方法(1)一般用“数字+of+计量单位+名词”表示,(注意:当数字大于一时,表示计量单位的名词可以有复数形式)。如:a piece of news 一则新闻 a piece of meat 一块肉 a glass of wine一杯酒 two bowls of rice 两碗米 a sum of money 一笔钱 five bags of flour 一袋面粉 a drop of water 一滴水 thr
11、ee bottles of milk 三瓶牛奶 two pieces of advice 两条建议(2)用much/some/ a little/ little/ a lot of/ plenty of+不可数名词练习题:1、 All the people at the conference are _。a. mathematic teachers c. mathematics teacherb. mathematics teachers d. mathematics teachers (C)2、All the _ in the hospital got a rise last month。a
12、. women doctors c. woman doctorsb. women doctor d. woman doctor (a)3、-Are there any _ on the farm?-Yes, there are some。A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep (D)4、- They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ?- Certainly。A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of waterC. some bottle of water D. s
13、ome bottle of waters (B)5、Mike hurt one of his _ in the accident yesterday。A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear (B)6、There is some _ on the plate。A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears (B)7、The little baby has two _ already。A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths (C)8、We need some more_. Can you go and get some, please?A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe (C)9、Please remember to give the horse some tree_。A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave (B)10、He gave us_ on how to