1、高中英语牛津上海版高中二年级第学期 六选四解题技巧专项讲解及练习有答案 六选四解题技巧1、考点分析 六选四是高考新题型，由原来的任务型阅读改革而来，分值8分，语法难度较任务型阅读有所降低，但理解难度提高。考察方式：给出一篇缺少四个句子的短文和6个选项。要求考生根据文章内容，选出正确的句子填入 相应空白处。有两个多余选项。每个选项2分。考纲解读：主要考察学生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。选材特点：短文长度一般为300词左右，题材为记叙文、说明文和议论文为主。设空类型：1.主旨句：标题类、主题句类；2.过渡性句子:文章结构；3.细节注释性句子：上下文逻辑意 义。解题步骤：
2、1.通读全文，尤其是文章的开始部分，明确文章的基本话题和主要内容。 2.阅读选项，根据选项中句子的句意或者句子后面的标点符号来判断该句在文章中的可能位置。 3.仔细阅读空前空后，寻找并划出关键词。根据关键词，联系选项，基本确定需要填入句子的 内容。一旦确定一个选项，就将其做上记号，避免造成干扰。依次完成四个空。（先易后难） 4.通读填入句子后的文章，再次确认文章内容、语言、结构上是否符合逻辑。口诀：逻辑关系前后句，词汇重合上下文；内容全归所在段，语意通顺且连贯。2、专题详解答题技巧：（一）注意关键词：一名（名词）袋（代词）鼠（数词）很特殊，连（连词）蹦（动词）带跳很彪（标点/标题）悍。除此之外
3、，还有形容词。1.词汇复现：复现是指在文章不同位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。包括原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现、派生词复现等。例1：同词复现The scientists say that the human life has changed greatly.Our bodies have not been able to deal with these changes in lifestyle and this had led to new kinds of sicknesses. So they are called “diseases of civilization”.Man
4、y cancers and diseases of the blood system are examples of such diseases. A.Stone Age people lived a simple life. B.But today,we enjoy eating a lot of these. C. In that case,they would live much healthier. D.Ancient people have not lots of physical exercise. E. These new sicknesses were not known in
5、 ancient times. F.People today probably dont want to live like our ancestors.例2：反义词复现On the other hand,the advantages of going overseas may include day-to-day opportunities to learn a new culture,meet new friends with whom you can use and practice the language,and chances to see different parts of t
6、he world._Those disadvantages include expense,time away from ones school,family, A.The following are its advantages. B.However, there may be a number of disadvantages. C.Consider a distance education. D.Most of us are adapted to studying at school.例3：派生词复现Dont fear people._. The reason most people d
7、ont take risks,or live on the edge is the fear of what others might think of them.If you want to live the life you truly deserve,you must give up the need to be likes by everybody. A.Focus on your own talents and strengths. B.Never let others opinions guide your choices. C.Stay fearless in everythin
8、g you will have to do.2.同范畴词同范畴词是指跟此词汇相关或同一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系最紧密。例1：Everybody gets stressed time to time.Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed:(1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you
9、.Talk to a “trusted adult”, such as parent or other relatives. They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.（可以信任的人=父母+亲戚+朋友（同范畴） ） A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation. B. Notice your friends feelings and find a way to
10、help them. C. Different people feel stress in different ways D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone. E. You need to figure out what the problem is. F. And dont forget about your friends.3.代词提示：代词出现频率极高，用来指代前面出现的名词和形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词和单复数差异可以准确而快速解题。常用代词：you.，your.,mine,yours,his，hers，its
11、，ours，theirs ，myself，this，that，these，those，all，both，each，every, anybody，something，no one,none,some,any，no，who，whom，whose，what,which, that, as。例1： _73_ They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, A.Doctors say the solution is learning how to de
12、al with anger. B.He said that laughter is much healthier than anger. C.Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time.注意逻辑关系：找准文章衔接词，理清空格与上下文之间的逻辑关系。主要逻辑关系包括：1. 并列关系：first(ly),second(ly)，；first，then/next，；in the first place,in the second place,； for one thing,for another thing,等；2. 递进关
13、系：too.also,besides,further, furthermore, moreover,whats more,in addition, notbut, not onlybut also等；3. 解释例证关系：for example，for instance，in fact/as a matter of fact,actually,in other words/ thats to say等；4. 因果关系：because、because of、for、as、since、in that、on account of、with、so、so that、therefore、 thereby、a
14、s a result、hence、thus、consequently、accordingly等；5. 对比转折关系：however,yet,while/though,or/otherwise,instead,nevertheless,still,yet,on the contrary等6. 概括归纳关系：in short,in brief,in summary,generally speaking, in general,to conclude, in conclusion, in a word,to sum up等。例： As you take notes,you may want to u
15、se your own shorthand.When you do be sure that you understand. When you do , be sure that you understand your symbols and that you use them all the time. （表转折） AUse words, not complete sentences. BThere are three practical note-taking methods. CYou must write your notes on separate paper. DOtherwise
16、, you may not be able to read your notes later. E. you will also want to develop your own method for taking notes. F. That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes.（三）注意考察空位置：1. 小标题：根据所在小段落内容进行归纳总结。例： Telling someone that you cant remember his name can actually m
17、ake people relaxed.Most of them will feel sympathy if you say,”Im working to remember names better.Yours is right on the tip of my tongue.What is it again?” A.If you cant remember his name,you may tell him the truth. B.Admit you dont know.（小标题，简明） C.Recite and repeat names. D.Let others help you rem
18、ember their names.2.正文中：文章首句：A.全文主题句；B.引出全文主题的句子（主题在其后）；文章末句:全文的总结（往往与开头呼应）；首段末句：A.承上启下，引出全文要谈的几个方面（段落）；B.全文主题；段落首句：A.段落主题句；B.引出下文的句子（可能是问句）；C.段落间的过渡句（与上段呼应）；段落末句：A.段落主题句；B.（承上启下）引出下一段；C.本段所阐述问题的一个方面；D.本段空格前面内容的自然结论。学生需要根据位置判断其所起作用。练习：例1：Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life.Every w
19、aking moment,the eyes are working to see the world around us.Over forty percent of Americans worry about losing eyesight，but its easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes.Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight： Schedule yearly exams._1_Experts advise pare
20、nts to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check.The good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment，including eyeglasses. Protect against UV rays (紫外线)Longterm stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes.No matter what the season
21、 is，its extremely important to wear sunglasses._2_ Give your eyes a break.Twothirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products._3_ Experts recommend that people practice the 20/20/20 rule：every 20 minutes，take a 20second break and look at something 20 feet a
22、way._4_ As part of a healthy diet，eat more fruits and vegetables each day.Vitamins (维生素) C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health.Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses (隐形眼镜)Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight.While some follow the medical guidance for wea
23、ring contact lenses，many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk._5_ Otherwise，you may have problems such as red eyes，pain in the eyes，or a more serious condition.AEat your greens.BEye care should begin early in life.CThey can properly protect your eyes.DStay in good shape by takin
24、g more vitamins.EParents usually dont care about their own eyesight.FAlways follow the doctors advice for appropriate wear.GThis frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness.参考答案【语篇导读】本文讲述如何保持眼睛健康。1B从空的下一句Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a
25、careful check.可以看出视力应从娃娃抓起。选项中“early”与下文中的“babies 6 to 12 months of age”相照应。2C本段内容是说戴太阳镜防止紫外线伤害眼睛的问题。无论在什么季节，戴太阳镜十分重要，他们可以保护你的眼睛，和上句为承接关系，因此选C。3G上句提到：三分之二的美国人每天使用电脑或其他电子产品的时间多达七个小时，下一句应自然是：这种频繁的用眼运动增加了视力疲劳的风险，G项为最佳答案。4A本题应是本段的中心句。从下文提及的健康饮食，多吃水果、蔬菜可以推知A项正确。5F本段讲的是正确配戴隐形眼镜的问题。要听从医生建议，恰当配戴，否则，也许会有红眼病，
26、眼疼或者更加严重的眼部疾病，故F正确。注意事项：1.注意命题陷阱。切忌当同样的词，同样的日期等在文章段落和选项中同时出现，就认为是正确选项。必须带到文章中理解翻译，确保文章内容严谨。2.灵活掌握答题顺序：先易后难，排除法。课堂练习练习1Behance,the New York City -based startup that developed a new platform for creative people and teams to share their work，has been acquired by Adobe.The San Jose,Calif-based software
27、giant is known for its suite of tools for creators,including Photoshop, Indesign and Illustrator.Though terms of the deal werent officially disclosed,news reports pegged（认定）the sale price at about 150 million. 1 The idea was to give creative individuals the ability to share their designs and project
28、s with the world -for free and on their own terms.The Behance Network allows users to share their multimedia projects with others in Behances network,including sites like Linkedin.With the “ProSite”tool,users can create a portfolio（代表作选集）website essentially from scratch,for only about 11 per month.I
29、n all,Behance says it has hosted more than 2.3 million public projects from about 170 countries. 2 Co-founder Belsky-who helped manage a leadership development initiative at investment banking firm Goldman,Sachs &Co. before launching Behance-sat down with Entrepeneur last year for a video interview.
30、From that conversation,here are Belskys tips for starting an innovative business: 3 “Dont keep all the details of your startup idea secret until theyre ready to be shared with the world,”Blesky said.The benefits of getting feedback on your plans and ideas always “outweigh the costs”.Improve rapidly.
31、Being innovative means coming up with wild new ideas.But sometimes those ideas arent always brilliant. 4 A.Being willing to fail. B.Share ideas liberally. C.Innovation is about taking risks and having tolerance before you succeed. D.When you have an idea,work hard and fast to make it even better. E.Behance was founded in 2006 by Scott Blesky and Matias Corea,a graphic designer. F.Those projects have generated some 33.6 million“appreciation”-the equivalent of a “like”on feedback.1. 2. 3. 4. 参考答案：1E通读可知，本段讲的是Behance,人名多次出现。故与E项匹配。2F选项F中的Those projects指前一句中的more than 2.3
