1、语法专题一名词和冠词,-2-,高考感悟,考点归纳,1.(2018全国,语篇填空改编)The study showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all(cause).2.(2018全国,语篇填空)This switch has decreased(pollute)in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for peopl
2、e.3.(2018全国,语篇填空)Unexpectedly,Im face-to-face with the gorilla,who begins screaming at top of her lungs.,1.causescause是可数名词,根据前面的修饰语all可知,该名词要用复数形式。2.pollutiondecrease“减少”,是及物动词,后接名词做宾语,故填pollution。3.theat the top of her lungs“大声喊叫”,为固定搭配。,-3-,高考感悟,考点归纳,4.(2017全国,语篇填空)She is determined to carry on w
3、ith her(educate).5.(2017全国,语篇填空)She has turned down several _(invitation)to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.6.(2017全国,语篇填空改编)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible(crowd)on the roads.,4.education根据此处句意及空前的her可知,educate需用名词形式。5.invitations她拒绝了
4、好几个邀请,所以invitation要用复数形式。6.crowds根据前面的terrible可知,这里用名词crowd的复数形式,表示“人群”。,-4-,高考感悟,考点归纳,7.(2017全国,语篇填空改编)This included building a strong roof over top.8.(2017全国,语篇填空)Instead,she is earning 6,500 a day as model in New York.9.(2016全国,语篇填空)Recent(study)show that we are far more productive at work if we
5、take short breaks regularly.,7.the这里特指地铁的顶部。意思是在地铁的顶部建了一个坚固的顶棚。8.aas a model“作为一名模特”。9.studies根据后面的谓语动词show可知,此处主语要用复数形式,用studies。以辅音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时需要将y变为i再加-es。,-5-,高考感悟,考点归纳,10.(2016全国,语篇填空)Then,handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of(achieve).11.(2016全国,语篇填空)Give your bo
6、dy and brain a rest by stepping outside for while,exercising,or doing something you enjoy.12.(2016全国,语篇填空)The nursery team switches him every few(day)with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed,other is with mumshe never suspects.,10.achievementof为介词,后面用名词形式。11.afor a while“一会儿”,为固定搭配。12.d
7、ays;the根据前面的修饰词few可知,第一个空用名词的复数形式。根据前面出现的代词one可知,第二个空用定冠词the修饰other,特指两个中的“另一个”。,-6-,高考感悟,考点归纳,13.(2016全国,语篇填空)But for tourists like me,pandas are its top(attract).14.(2016四川,语篇填空)Any smell might attract natural _(enemy)that would try to eat the little panda.15.(2015课标全国,语篇填空)In addition to their si
8、mple beauty,what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their(able)to“air condition”a house without using electric equipment.,13.attraction根据前面的两个修饰词its top可知,此处用名词形式。14.enemies熊猫的敌人不止一个,故用复数形式。注意enemy变为复数时要把y变为i,然后再加-es。15.ability由空前的their可知,此处应用able的名词形式,指他们的能力。,-7-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,六,一、可数名词的复数
9、1.规则变化,-8-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,六,-9-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,六,注意以-o结尾的下列名词要加-es,它们是:英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿,即heroes,potatoes,tomatoes。但下列以-o结尾的名词既可以加-es,也可以加-s,它们是:mosquitos(mosquitoes)蚊子,volcanos(volcanoes)火山。以-f或-fe结尾的下列名词需要把f或fe去掉,加-ves。它们是:为了自己活命,小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上,把狼劈成两半,即selves,lives,thieves,wives,knives,l
10、eaves,shelves,wolves,halves。但有的以-f结尾的名词既可以去掉f加-ves,也可以直接加-s,如:handkerchiefs(handkerchieves)手帕。名词前有man或woman修饰,变复数时,做定语的man或woman和后面的名词都要变成复数。如:woman doctorwomen doctors,-10-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,六,2.不规则变化常见单复数同形的名词Chinese中国人;means方式;works工厂;sheep绵羊;deer鹿;series系列;fish鱼;fruit水果等。其中 fish,fruit表示种类时,可加复
11、数词尾,即fishes,fruits。自身有特殊变化的名词child孩子childrenman男人menfoot脚,英尺feettooth牙teethmedium传播媒介mediamouse老鼠micephenomenon现象phenomena,-11-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,六,3.有些名词通常只用复数。如:glasses眼镜,clothes衣服,goods货物,trousers裤子,belongings所有物,wages工资,riches财富,surroundings环境,ashes灰尘,compasses圆规,cattle牛,congratulations祝贺等。有些固
12、定搭配中的名词通常用复数。如:have words with sb.同某人吵架,in high spirits 情绪高昂,give ones regards to sb.向某人问候,in rags衣衫褴褛,have good manners 有礼貌等。,-12-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,六,二、不可数名词1.不可数名词没有单复数之分,它包括抽象名词、物质名词和专有名词。例如:fun,advice,weather,progress,information,bread,butter,baggage,clothing,equipment,furniture,homework,juic
13、e,luggage,luck,music,milk,meat,production,permission,rice,soup,wealth,health,English,America 等。Wealth starts with a goal and saving a dollar at a time.财富始于一个目标,要一美元一美元地积攒。,-13-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,六,2.有些名词既可以用作可数名词,也可以用作不可数名词,但意义不同。例如:work“工作”(不可数),“作品;著作”(可数);glass“玻璃”(不可数),“杯子”(可数);room“空间”(不可数),“
14、房间”(可数);experience“经验”(不可数),“经历”(可数);paper“纸”(不可数),“报纸、文件、试卷”(可数)。,-14-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,六,名词所有格表示所属关系,它分-s所有格和of所有格两种形式。1.-s所有格多用来表示有生命的东西。Many students eyesight is getting poorer and poorer.很多学生的视力变得越来越差了。用and连接的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况,即表示各自的所有关系时,要分别在并列名词后加-s或;表示共同的所有关系时,只在最后一个名词后加-s或。,-15-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一
15、,三,二,四,五,六,Toms and Jims rooms汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间Tom and Jims room汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时,名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。at the barbers在理发店at the teachers在老师办公室,-16-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,六,2.of所有格表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系;名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of 所有格。From the top of the hill,you can get a birds view of the city.从山顶上,你可以
16、鸟瞰整个城市。3.双重所有格指名词所有格或名词性物主代词同of构成的所有格,即“of+名词所有格”。a play of Shakespeares莎士比亚的一个戏剧a friend of my wifes我妻子的一个朋友,-17-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,六,1.动词变名词的后缀,-18-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,六,-19-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,六,-20-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,六,2.形容词变名词的后缀,-21-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,六,-22-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,六,不定冠词表示泛指,一般修饰可数名词单数。a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于以元音音素开头的单词前。例如:a pen 一支笔an old man 一位老人一、不定冠词的基本用法1.用在首次提到的人或物的可数名词单数前面,泛指某(一)个人或某(一)个事物。The“Chinese Dream”is a dream to improve peoples well-being and a dream of har
