1、ZKW中考英语命题研究冀教专版语法突破专题十动词的时态第一节时态的基本构成,河北中考重难点突破【考点抢测】一、词语运用1Grandma usually _ early in the morning.(醒来)2When we _ western culture with Chinese culture,youll find many differences.(比较)3That company _ us with 3,000 dollars in 2012.(提供)4The thief s_ food from the supermarket and was caught by the polic
2、emen.5(2015唐山54中模拟)The wind _ the clouds and the sky was clear.(sweep away)6We still dont know when your friend _ here.(come)7I overslept this morning.By the time I got to the train station,the train _(leave)8I _ a novel last night when I heard knocks at the door.(read)二、连词成句9is,handbag,her,this_?10
3、are,do,you,now,what_?11make,a,in,mistake,class,he,yesterday_.12learn,I,for,English,three,have,years_.13watch TV,last,I,call,you,night,was,when_.14she,year,to,will,senior,school,next,go_.三、单项选择()15.We make it a rule that each of us _ the bedroom one day a week.Ahas cleanedBhave cleanedCcleans Dclean(
4、)16.(2015石家庄42中模拟)Mr.Green,a famous writer,_ our school next week.Avisited BvisitsCwas visiting Dwill visit()17.The last time I _ to the cinema was two years ago.Ago Bhave goneChave been Dwent()18.Look,some people _ photos on the beach.Atook BtakesCare taking Dwas taking()19.My brother _ books at th
5、at moment.Aread Bwas readingCwill read Dhave read()20.(2015保定8中模拟)I _ Mr.Smith since he moved to Shanghai.Adidnt hear fromBdont hear fromCwont hear formDhavent heard from【满分点拨】1动词的五种基本形式变化表英语动词有五种基本形式,即动词原形、第三人称单数(现在式)、过去时、过去分词和现在分词。形式构成例词动词原形没有经过任何变形,就是词典中一般给出的形式be,do,have,come第三人称单数一般在动词原形后直接加swor
6、kworksreadreads以s,o,x,z,sh,ch结尾的动词,后加esgogoeswashwashes以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,应将y改为i再加esflyfliesstudystudies过去式与过去分词一般在动词原形后直接加edworkworkedstaystayed在以e结尾的动词后只加dcloseclosedlikeliked以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,应将y改为i再加edstudystudiedcarrycarried以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写此辅音字母再加edstopstoppedplanplanned现在分词一般在动词原形后直接加ingsleepsle
7、epingwaitwaiting以不发音的e结尾的动词,去e再加ingsmilesmilingmovemoving以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写此辅音字母再加ingsitsittingdigdiggingplanplanning少数以ie结尾的动词,变ie为y,再加ingdiedyinglielying常见的短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换:短暂性动词延续性动词have closed/openedhave been closed/openhave diedhave been deadhave lefthave been awayhave begun/startedhave be
8、en onhave finished/endedhave been overhave becomehave beenhave borrowedhave kepthave boughthave hadhave joinedhave been a member of/have been inhave left sp.have been away from sp.have fallen asleephave been asleephave put onhave wornhave caught/got a coldhave had a coldhave got to knowhave known2.常
9、见6种时态的构成及用法河北中考对于一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、一般将来时、过去进行时、现在完成时都有考查,须掌握这些时态的基本构成和功能。种类意义构成特点时间标志词例句备注一般现在时1.现阶段经常性或习惯性动作;2目前的状态;3客观真理be用am/is/are;主语是第三人称单数时,作谓语的行为动词词尾加s/es;其他人称和数用动词原形。often,sometimes,usually,always,twice a month,on Sundays,every week/month/year(every系列)He usually leaves for school at 7 in the
10、 morning.他经常早上7点去学校。The moon moves around the earth.月亮绕着地球转。一般过去时1.过去发生的动作;2过去存在的状态be用was/were;其他动词用过去式just now, ago,in 1980,last night/week/month(last系列),this morning,yesterday,the other day,used toWe went to the History Museum last Monday.上周一我们去了历史博物馆。I was busy yesterday.我昨天很忙。一般将来时1.将来发生的动作;2将来存
11、在的状态1.助动词will(shall)动词原形2am/is/are going to动词原形tomorrow,from now on,soon,in the future,next year/week/month/term(next系列)I will meet you at the school gate tomorrow.明天早上我将在校门口见你。Ill be 15 next week.下周我就15岁了。在时间和条件状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。现在进行时说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作am/is/are动词的现在分词now,at present,at the moment,look
12、,listenThe telephone is ringing.Could you answer it,please?电话响了,你可以接听一下吗?表示位置移动或状态变化的动词,如:come,go,leave等词的现在进行时形式可表示将要发生的动作。过去进行时过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进行的动作was/were动词的现在分词at 1:00 last night,at that moment,表示过去时间的状语从句I was reading when he came in.当他进来的时候,我正在读书。He was always complaining about something.他总是抱怨一些
13、事情。在复合句中,如果两个动作同时发生,那么延续性动词用过去进行时,短暂性动词用一般过去时,通常在when或while引导的时间状语从句中出现。现在完成时1.到现在为止已经完成的动作;对现在还有影响;2从过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态have/has动词的过去分词yet,just,before,recently,once,already,lately,ever,never,since 1996,for ten yearsHe has only been to the Great Wall once.他去过长城一次。I have been in the Youth Volunteers for
14、five years.我来到青年志愿者有五年了。1.since后面的从句用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时;2.短暂性动词不与一段时间连用。如果要与一般时间连用必须换成延续性动词。(见上表)第二节时态的应用,河北中考重难点突破【考点抢测】()1.His brother is a teacher.He _ math at a school.AtaughtBhas taughtCteaches Dwill teach()2.I hope Tim can come to my birthday party.Then we _ a much happier time.Ahave BhadCwill hav
15、e Dhave had()3.I dont have time to discuss the plan.I _ to an interview.Ago BwentCam going Dwas going()4.(2015保定8中模拟)Hello,mom.Are you still on Lushan Mountain?Oh,no.We are back home.We _ a really good journey.Ahave BhadCare having Dwill have()5.I dont remember when and where I _ this umbrella.Abuy
16、Bhave boughtCwill buy Dbought()6.(2015沧州8中模拟)Have you had your breakfast yet?Yes.Mom _ it for me.Awas cooking Bis cookingCwill cook Dcooked()7.Why does Tony look unhappy?Because he _ the chance to take part in the English contest.Amisses Bwas missingCis missing Dmissed()8.(2015保定17中模拟)Can you answer
17、 the door,Jim?I _ the dishes.Ado BdidChave done Dam doing()9.I saw Mr.Smith in the office at ten yesterday morning.Thats impossible.He _ an English party with us then.Ahas BhadCwas having Dhas had()10.(2015保定17中模拟)The students _ the Art Festival when I passed by their school.Acelebrate Bwere celebra
18、tingCwill celebrate Dhave celebrated()11.Jenny _ in the kitchen when you called her at 5 oclock this afternoon.Ais cooking Bwas cookingCcooks Dcooked()12.Sanya is a beautiful city.I _ there twice.Ahave gone Bhave beenChave gone to Dhave been to()13.(2015石家庄43中模拟)I began watching here an hour ago,but
19、 now nothing _ yet.Ahappens Bwill happenChappened Dhas happened【满分点拨】一、时态的判断根据河北近5年真题分析可以看出,初中阶段需掌握六种基本时态。学生应掌握动词时态的判断技巧来解题,如根据时间状语确定时态;利用上下文语意判断句子的时态;根据上下文已有的时态信息确定时态;在复合句中根据时态呼应确定时态;固定句型与动词时态间的对应关系;根据特定动词与时态的对应关系;根据时态中的“特殊”对策(如客观真理等)。【方法突破】1根据时间状语确定时态(2015年34题,2015年36题,2014年39题,2013年45题,2012年43题)根
20、据时间状语判断时态在河北中考中主要体现在词语运用和连词成句题型中。now,at present,at the moment,these days,look,listen等标志着现在进行时;just now,ago,in 1980,this morning,yesterday,the other day,used to,last night/week/month /year(last系列)等标志着一般过去时;at 1:00 last night,at that moment,this time yesterday等标志着过去进行时;tomorrow,from now on,soon,in the
21、 future,next week/month/year(next系列)等标志着一般将来时;yet,just,before,recently,once,already,lately,ever,never,since 1996,for ten years等标志着现在完成时。除了上面这些时间状语提示时态外,某些副词也有这种作用,如:often,always,usually,never,seldom等表示频率的副词应用一般现在时或一般过去时。【典例剖析】(2015河北34题)()Were proud that China _ stronger and stronger these years.Awi
22、ll becomeBbecameCis becoming Dwas becoming【答案】C【解题技巧】考查现在进行时。句意:我们自豪地是现在中国正变得越来越大了。时间状语these days“如今,现在”,是现在进行时的标志。故本题选C。2利用上下文语意判断句子的时态(2015年31题,2014年37题,2014年42题,2013年36题,2013年43题,2012年38题,2012年40题,2012年41题,2011年38题,2011年42题)如果一个英语句子中既没有出现时间状语,也没有可供判断时态的上下文,那么就应当把这个句子翻译成中文,利用我们的母语知识来判断这个句子该用何种时态。【
23、典例剖析】(2015河北31题)()I _ the shops.Can I get you anything?Ago to Bwent toChave gone to Dam going to【答案】D【解题技巧】考查一般将来时。句意:我将去商店,我能给你买些东西吗?根据Can I get you anything?可知动作没有发生,故用一般将来时,go的将来时用现在进行时表示。故选D。3根据上下文已有的时态信息确定时态(2015年37题,2014年40题,2013年37题,2012年43题)有些试题虽然看起来没有时间状语提示词,也不是出现在复合句中,但是上下句的动作存在着明显的时间顺序差距,
24、因此可根据上下文已有的时态来判断本句所要选用的时态。【典例剖析】(2015河北32题)()Paula is pleased that she _ her lost watch.Afinds BfoundChas found Dwill find【答案】C【解题技巧】考查现在完成时。句意:Paula是高兴的,她找到了她丢失的手表。根据找到丢失的手表,可知动作发生在过去,又根据前文is pleased,可知过去发生的动作对现在造成了影响,故用现在完成时。4在复合句中根据时态呼应确定时态主从复合句中谓语动词时态的一致主要有以下几种情况:“主将从现”原则。如果主句是一般将来时,从句是由when,aft
25、er,before,notuntil,as soon as等引导的时间状语从句以及由if,unless引导的条件状语从句中,谓语动词应用一般现在时表示将来时间。(2013年35题)【典例剖析】(2013河北35题)()Henry will give us a report as soon as he _Awill arrive Bwas arrivingCarrives Darrived【答案】C【解题技巧】考查一般现在时。as soon as引导的时间状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则,即主句用一般将来时,从句需用一般现在时。故选C。“时态一致”原则。在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中,当主句的谓语动词
26、为过去时态时,从句的谓语动词须用相应的某种过去时态。(2007年45题)【典例剖析】(2007河北45题)()I didnt understand _,so I raised my hand to ask.Awhat my teacher saysBwhat does my teacher sayCwhat my teacher saidDwhat did my teacher say【答案】C【解题技巧】考查宾语从句的语序及时态。宾语从句需用陈述句语序,排查B和D项。再根据“时态一致”原则,即主句的谓语动词为过去时态,从句的谓语动词须用相应的某种过去时态。故选C。在主从复合句中,如果主句和从
27、句的谓语动词表示的两个动作都发生在过去,而且有明显的先后顺序,那么,延续性动词用过去进行时,短暂性动词用一般过去时。通常在when和while引导的时间状语从句出现。(2008年27题,2007年35题,2006年34题)【典例剖析】(2008河北27题)()The Children _ a PE.class on the playground when it suddenly began to rain.Ahave Bare havingChad Dwere having【答案】D【解题技巧】考查过去进行时。when引导的时间状语从句的时态为一般过去时,且“begin”为短暂性动词,那主句表示延续性的谓语动词应用过去进行时。当主句谓语动词的时态为一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等时态时,后面跟的宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态不受主句时态的限制,可根据具体情况,选用各种合适的时态。(2012年45题,2011年45题,2010年45题,2009年45题,2006年45题)【典例剖析】(2011年河北45题)()Jenny is on holiday now.I wonder _Awhen she will come backBwhen she came backCwhen will she come backDwhen did she co