CCNP路由交换综合实验及排错.docx
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CCNP路由交换综合实验及排错.docx
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CCNP路由交换综合实验及排错
CCNPTSDC
一:
目录
目录
1:
EIGRP标准配置2
2:
neighbors3
2.1AS3
2.2KVAULEMISMATCH4
2.3hellosendtime/holdtimemismatch5
2.4EIGRPsecipaddress6
3:
network7
3.1宣告不精确7
3.2由于过滤不精确导致宣告不成功8
4:
EIGRPsummary8
4.1汇总不精确,导致汇总不成功8
4.2EIGRP汇总特性9
二:
OSPF9
2.1ospfbasicconfiguration9
2.2neighborts10
2.2.1Hello/dead10
2.2.2Areaid11
2.2.3Authentication11
2.2.4Stubareaflag11
2.3NETWORK(宣告)错误12
2.3.1宣告不精确12
2.3.2区域宣告不准确12
2.4OSPF增强的NEIGHBOR错误12
2.4.1OSPFHAVESAMEROUTER-ID12
2.4.2OSPFMTU问题13
三:
BGPTS13
3.1IBGP基本配置13
3.2EBGP基本配置14
3.3BGPNEIGHBORTS14
3.3.1对等体不可达14
3.3.2错误的AS号15
3.3.3忘记设置EBGP多跳15
3.4NETWORK标准配置15
3.5NETWORKTS16
3.5.1错误的前缀宣告16
3.5.2错误的掩码宣告16
3.6BGP水平分割引起的路由不被学习问题16
1)fullmesh16
2)routereflect17
3.7BGPNEXT-HOP问题17
1)使得NEXT-HOP可达17
2)设置next-hop-self17
1:
EIGRP标准配置
R2#showrun|broutereigrp
routereigrp2010
network2.2.2.00.0.0.255
network12.12.12.00.0.0.255
noauto-summary
*May2210:
03:
01.427:
%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE:
IP-EIGRP(0)2010:
Neighbor12.12.12.1(Serial1/0)isup:
newadjacency
R2#showipeigrp2010neighbor
IP-EIGRPneighborsforprocess2010
HAddressInterfaceHoldUptimeSRTTRTOQSeq
(sec)(ms)CntNum
012.12.12.1Se1/01000:
02:
121620004
2:
neighbors
2.1AS
R2#showipeigrp2010neighbor
IP-EIGRPneighborsforprocess2010
R2#showipprotocols
RoutingProtocolis"eigrp2010"
Outgoingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisnotset
Incomingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisnotset
Defaultnetworksflaggedinoutgoingupdates
Defaultnetworksacceptedfromincomingupdates
EIGRPmetricweightK1=1,K2=0,K3=1,K4=0,K5=0
EIGRPmaximumhopcount100
EIGRPmaximummetricvariance1
Redistributing:
eigrp2010
EIGRPNSF-awarerouteholdtimeris240s
Automaticnetworksummarizationisnotineffect
Maximumpath:
4
RoutingforNetworks:
2.2.2.0/24
12.12.12.0/24
RoutingInformationSources:
GatewayDistanceLastUpdate
12.12.12.19000:
06:
45
Distance:
internal90external170
R1#showipprotocols
RoutingProtocolis"eigrp201"
Outgoingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisnotset
Incomingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisnotset
Defaultnetworksflaggedinoutgoingupdates
Defaultnetworksacceptedfromincomingupdates
EIGRPmetricweightK1=1,K2=0,K3=1,K4=0,K5=0
EIGRPmaximumhopcount100
EIGRPmaximummetricvariance1
Redistributing:
eigrp201
EIGRPNSF-awarerouteholdtimeris240s
Automaticnetworksummarizationisnotineffect
Maximumpath:
4
RoutingforNetworks:
12.12.12.0/24
RoutingInformationSources:
GatewayDistanceLastUpdate
Distance:
internal90external170
处理方法:
重新配置,统一ASNUMBER
2.2KVAULEMISMATCH
R1(config-router)#metricweights011111
*May2210:
14:
19.907:
%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE:
IP-EIGRP(0)2010:
Neighbor12.12.12.2(Serial1/1)isdown:
metricchanged
R1(config-router)#
*May2210:
14:
22.427:
%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE:
IP-EIGRP(0)2010:
Neighbor12.12.12.2(Serial1/1)isdown:
K-valuemismatch
R1#showipprotocols
RoutingProtocolis"eigrp2010"
Outgoingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisnotset
Incomingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisnotset
Defaultnetworksflaggedinoutgoingupdates
Defaultnetworksacceptedfromincomingupdates
EIGRPmetricweightK1=1,K2=1,K3=1,K4=1,K5=1
R2#showipprotocols
RoutingProtocolis"eigrp2010"
Outgoingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisnotset
Incomingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisnotset
Defaultnetworksflaggedinoutgoingupdates
Defaultnetworksacceptedfromincomingupdates
EIGRPmetricweightK1=1,K2=0,K3=1,K4=0,K5=0
TS方式
NO掉之前的错误命令,或者利用命令行进行修改
2.3hellosendtime/holdtimemismatch
R2(config)#ints1/0
R2(config-if)#iphold-timeeigrp20104
R2(config-if)#
*May2210:
22:
21.107:
%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE:
IP-EIGRP(0)2010:
Neighbor12.12.12.1(Serial1/0)isdown:
InterfaceGoodbyereceived
*May2210:
22:
21.383:
%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE:
IP-EIGRP(0)2010:
Neighbor12.12.12.1(Serial1/0)isup:
newadjacency
R2(config-if)#
*May2210:
22:
25.427:
%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE:
IP-EIGRP(0)2010:
Neighbor12.12.12.1(Serial1/0)isdown:
InterfaceGoodbyereceived
*May2210:
22:
25.791:
%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE:
IP-EIGRP(0)2010:
Neighbor12.12.12.1(Serial1/0)isup:
newadjacency
R2(config-if)#
*May2210:
22:
29.855:
%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE:
IP-EIGRP(0)2010:
Neighbor12.12.12.1(Serial1/0)isdown:
InterfaceGoodbyereceived
*May2210:
22:
30.083:
%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE:
IP-EIGRP(0)2010:
Neighbor12.12.12.1(Serial1/0)isup:
newadjacency
R1#showipeigrp2010neighbor
IP-EIGRPneighborsforprocess2010
HAddressInterfaceHoldUptimeSRTTRTOQSeq
(sec)(ms)CntNum
012.12.12.2Se1/1200:
00:
0313200026
R2#showipeigrp2010neighbors
IP-EIGRPneighborsforprocess2010
HAddressInterfaceHoldUptimeSRTTRTOQSeq
(sec)(ms)CntNum
012.12.12.1Se1/01300:
00:
03196850000112
TS方法
将计时器统一,或者将错误命令删除
EIGRPBROADCASTPTPEVERY5SEC
60
2.4EIGRPsecipaddress
EIGRP主从地址问题
Eigrp永远只使用接口主地址发送HELLO消息,他要求直连设备必须在相同的子网。
当前路由器接受的HELLO消息所包含的接口IP,正常情况,我们要求最好和当前设备接收HELLO消息的接口主IP一样,也允许接受到HELLO消息的接口从地址和接受消息的IP地址一样,也形成邻居关系
interfaceSerial1/0
ipaddress12.12.12.2255.255.255.0secondary
ipaddress21.21.21.2255.255.255.0
serialrestart-delay0
R2(config-if)#routereigrp2010
R2(config-router)#net21.21.21.00.0.0.255
R2#showipeigrp2010neighbors
IP-EIGRPneighborsforprocess2010
HAddressInterfaceHoldUptimeSRTTRTOQSeq
(sec)(ms)CntNum
012.12.12.1Se1/01200:
01:
161500020
*May2210:
48:
18.243:
IP-EIGRP(Default-IP-Routing-Table:
2010):
Neighbor21.21.21.2notoncommonsubnetforSerial1/1
R1#showipeigrp2010neighbors
IP-EIGRPneighborsforprocess2010
TS方法
在R1上加一个从地址,使其跟R2的主地址一样,这就是相同子网,直接NO了多余命令。
R1#showipeineighbors
IP-EIGRPneighborsforprocess2010
HAddressInterfaceHoldUptimeSRTTRTOQSeq
(sec)(ms)CntNum
021.21.21.2Se1/11200:
00:
2556834080
R2#showipeineighbors
IP-EIGRPneighborsforprocess2010
HAddressInterfaceHoldUptimeSRTTRTOQSeq
(sec)(ms)CntNum
012.12.12.1Se1/01000:
00:
3715000
R2#showipeineighbors
IP-EIGRPneighborsforprocess2010
HAddressInterfaceHoldUptimeSRTTRTOQSeq
(sec)(ms)CntNum
012.12.12.1Se1/01000:
00:
37150000211
3:
network
3.1宣告不精确
R1(config-router)#net1.1.1.0255.255.255.255
TS方法:
修改宣告方式
3.2由于过滤不精确导致宣告不成功
R1(config)#access-list1deny1.1.1.00.0.0.255
R1(config)#routereigrp2010
R1(config-router)#distribute-list1outs1/1
R1(config-router)#
*May2211:
12:
31.455:
%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE:
IP-EIGRP(0)2010:
Neighbor12.12.12.2(Serial1/1)isdown:
routeconfigurationchanged
Ts方法:
将过滤列表做一定的修改,或者根据当时情况是否可以直接删除
R1(config)#access-list1perany
4:
EIGRPsummary
4.1汇总不精确,导致汇总不成功
R1(config-if)#ipsummary-addresseigrp20101.1.1.0255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#
*May2211:
20:
17.087:
%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE:
IP-EIGRP(0)2010:
Neighbor12.12.12.2(Serial1/1)isdown:
summaryconfigured
R1(config-if)#
*May2211:
20:
21.487:
%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE:
IP-EIGRP(0)2010:
Neighbor12.12.12.2(Serial1/1)isup:
newadjacency
R1(config-if)#ipsummary-addresseigrp20101.0.0.0255.255.255.0
4.2EIGRP汇总特性
EIGRP汇总可以突破常规,不一定按照严格的主类网地址汇总,案例如下:
1.1.1.0255.255.255.0
1.1.2.0255.255.255.0
就可以汇总为
1.1.1.0255.255.0.0
当然也可以汇总为
1.1.1.0255.0.0.0的标准主类路由
二:
OSPF
2.1ospfbasicconfiguration
Routerospfprocess-id
Router-idx.x.x.x
Networkx.x.x.xx.x.x.xareaid
*May2215:
29:
34.047:
%OSPF-4-NORTRID:
OSPFprocess1cannotstart.Theremustbeatleastone"up"IPinterface,forOSPFtouseasrouterID
如上命令行提示,当前路由器没有可用的激活接口IP当做ROUTER-ID,所以OSPFPROCESS不能启用
*May2215:
31:
40.983:
%OSPF-5-ADJCHG:
Process1,Nbr1.1.1.1onFastEthernet0/0fromLOADINGtoFULL,LoadingDone
如果看到如上消息意味着OSPF进程已经形成了邻居关系
R1#showipprotocolssummary
IndexProcessName
0connected
1static
2ospf1
2.2neighborts
2.2.1Hello/dead
R2#showiposintfa0/0
FastEthernet0/0isup,lineprotocolisup
InternetAddress12.12.12.2/24,Area0
ProcessID1,RouterID2.2.2.2,NetworkTypeBROADCAST,Cost:
1
TransmitDelayis1sec,StateBDR,Priority1
DesignatedRouter(ID)1.1.1.1,Interfaceaddress12.12.12.1
BackupDesignatedrouter(ID)2.2.2.2,Interfaceaddress12.12.12.2
Timerintervalsconfigured,Hello10,Dead40,Wait40,Retransmit5
oob-resynctimeout40
Helloduein00:
00:
05
Index1/1,floodqueuelength0
Next0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Lastfloodscanlengthis1,maximumis1
Lastfloodscantimeis0msec,maximumis0msec
NeighborCountis1,Adjacentneighborcountis1
Adjacentwithneighbor1.1.1.1(DesignatedRouter)
Suppresshellofor0neighbor(s)
R2(config-if)#ipospfhello-interval5
通过如上命令进行接口下OSPF的HELLO发送间隔的修改
*May2215:
43:
00.899:
%OSPF-5-ADJCHG:
Process1,Nbr1.1.1.1onFastEthernet0/0fromFULLtoDOWN,NeighborDown:
Deadtimerexpired
TS方法:
统一邻居的HELLOINTERVAL,最好统一到标准时间(10/30)。
2.2.2Areaid
*May2215:
47:
05.455:
%OSPF-4-ERRRCV:
Receivedinvalidpacket:
mismatchareaID,frombackboneareamustbevirtual-linkbutnotfoundfrom12.12.12.1,FastEthernet0/0
TS方法
必须保证。
多台路由器对同一网络的区域的宣告要一直
2.2.3Authentication
R2(config)#intfa0/0
R2(config-if)#ipospfauthentication
R2(config-if)#ipospfauthentication-keyJUSTECH
R1#debugipospfadj
OSPFadjacencyeventsdebuggingison
R1#cleipospr
*May2215:
52:
14.087:
OSPF:
Rcvpktfrom12.12.12.2,FastEthernet0/0:
MismatchAuthenticationtype.Inputpacketspecifiedtype1,weusetype0
TS方法
要不认证统一
2.2.4Stubareaflag
骨干区域是不可以配置为特殊区域的(stubnssa)
R2(config-router)#area0stub
OSPF:
Backbonecannotbeconfiguredasstubarea
R2(config)#routerospf1
R2(config-r
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- CCNP 路由 交换 综合 实验