11499论文写作.docx
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11499论文写作.docx
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11499论文写作
1.写出修辞格(用英文写)。
五题5分。
1.明喻simile
解释:
用like,as或其他词指出两个截然不同的事物之间相似之处的手法。
1.Omylove’slikeared,red,rose.
2.Thatmancan’tbetrusted.He’sasslipperyasaneel.
3.Theoldman’shairisaswhiteassnow.
4.Wrongideasmayharmamanjustlikediseases.
5.Selflesspeoplearelikecows,whicheatstrawbutproducemilk.
6.Literaturecouldwellbedescribedasafusionoffactsandfiction.
2.隐喻metaphor
解释:
用一个词来指代与该词本来所指事物有相似特点的另一个事物的手法。
1.Thepictureofthosepoorpeople’sliveswascarvedsosharplyinhisheartthathecouldneverforgetit.
2.Therewasamedievalmagnificenceaboutthebigdining-hall.
3.Thestreetfadedintoacountryroadwithstragglinghousesbyit.
4.Therewereafewlordlypoplarsbeforethehouse.
5.Allhisformerjoywasdrownedintheembarrassmentandconfusionhewasfeelingatthemoment.
6.Heoftenprefacedhisremarksby‘Ican’thelpthinking..’
7.Thecharcoalfireglowedanddimmedrhythmicallytothestrokesofthebellows.
8.ThereisfertilesoilforpopularmusicinChinatoday.
3.拟人personification
解释:
把事物或概念当作人或具备人的特指的手法。
1.Youthishotandbold,ageisweakandcold,Youthiswild,andAgeistame.
2.Thematchwillbesoonbeoveranddefeatisstaringusintheface.
3.Thetimefatewassmilingtohim.
4.Thunderroaredandapouringrainstarted.
5.Duskcamestealthily.
6.Thestormwasragingandanangryseawascontinuouslytossingtheirboat.
7.ManypeoplebowedbeforeForce,buteventuallyForcewouldsurrendertoReason.
8.Thestormwassoangrythatitwantedtodestroyeverythingititsway.
4.换喻metonym
解释:
某一事物的名词代替与之密切相关另一事物的名词的手法。
1.Swordandcrossinhand,theEuropeanconquerorsfellupontheAmericas.
2.Whenthewarwasover,helaiddowntheswordandtookuppen.
3.Wordsaremightierthanswords.
4.Hispursewouldnotallowhimthatluxury.
5.Herrichrelativesrainedbirthdaypresentsonheronlyson.
6.Somewordsmaybedefacedbycarelessusage.
7.Theleavesaretremblinginthecoldwind.
9.Hisunfriendlytonguesurprisedher.
5.提喻Synecdoche
解释:
用部分代表整体,用整体代表部分。
1.Thefarmswereshortofhandsduringtheharvestseason.
2.Hehadtoearnhisdailybreadbydoingoddjobs.
3.GermanybeatArgentina2to1inthisexcitingfootballmatch.
4.Thepoorcreaturecouldnolongerendurehersufferings.
5.Theredscarfhandedthatcointothepolice.
6.Thegreystayinpink.
六.婉言Euphemism
Todie:
passaway,leaveus,one’shearthasstoppedbeating.
Oldpeople:
seniorcitizen
Mad:
emotionallydisturbed
Dustman:
sanitationworker
lavatory:
bathroom,washingroom
Invasion:
militaryaction
Concentrationcamp:
strategichamlets
7.反语irony
解释:
与真正意思相反的词。
8.夸大和缩小Overstatementandunderstatement
1.Sheisdyingtoknowwhatjobhasbeenassignedher.
2.Onhearingthathehadbeenadmittedtothatfamousuniversity,hewhisperedtohimself,I’mtheluckiestmanintheworld.
3.Ittookafewdollarstobuildthisindoorswimmingpool.
4.“heisreallystrange,”hisfriendssaidwhentheyheardhehaddivorcedhisprettyandlovingwife.
5.Hisfriendspraisedhisdaughter’sperformancestotheskies.
6.’whatdoyouthinkoftheroastduck?
’’Notbad.’
7.Whensheenteredhighschool,shewouldwearawardrobethatnooneelsewouldbeabletomatch
9.移位修饰Transferredepithet
解释:
把修饰语从它本应修饰的名词之前移到与改名词有关的词之前的手法。
1.Shewassoworriedabouthersonthatshespentseveralsleeplessnights.
2.Inhisquietlazinesshesuddenlyrememberedthatstrangeword.
3.Theassistantkeptarespectfuldistancefromhisbosswhentheywerewalkinginthecorridor.
4.Hesaid“yes”tothequestioninanunthinkingmoment.
5.Theoldmanputareassuringhandonmyshoulder.
10.矛盾修饰Oxymoron
解释:
意思矛盾的词用在一起。
1.Thecoachhadtobecrueltobekindtohistrainees.
2.Whenthenewsofthefailurecame,allhisfriendssaidthatiswasavictoriousdefeat.
3.Thepresidentwasconspicuouslyabsentonthatoccasion.
4.Shereadthelong-awaitedletterwithatearfulsmile.
11.头韵Alliteration
1.Iseealsothedull,drilled,docile,brutishmassesoftheHunsoldieryploddingonlikeaswarmofcrawlinglocusts.
2.TheRussiandangeristhereforeourdanger,…justasthecauseofanyRussianfightingforhishearthandhomeisthecauseoffreemenandfreepeoplesineveryquarteroftheglobe.
3.Hiswritingisclearandclean.
2.改写句子5题10分
1.陈述句Statement
陈述观点或事实
2.疑问句Question
提出问题
三.祈使句imperativesentence
表达命令或请求
3.感叹句
抒发强烈的感情,如惊讶,痛苦或喜悦。
4.简单句simplesentence
一个主语和一个谓语
5.并列句compoundsentence
两个或多个独立从句,用(and,but,or等)连接。
例:
Hewasillforaweek.Duringthatweekheatenothing.(compoundsentence)
Hewasillforaweekandduringthatweekheatenothing.
6.复合句complexsentence
一个主句和一个或多个的从句。
例:
Thesingercameontothestage.Astormyapplausebrokeforth.(complexsentence)
7.并列复合句
至少2个主句和一个从句,即并列句和复合句的组合。
8.松散句Loosesentence
主要意思放在次要意思之前,先说重要的事情。
1.YoucannotmakegreatprogressinEnglishwithoutgoodstudyhabits.
2.Shemissedthestepandsprainedherankle.
9.圆周句Periodicsentence
重要的意思放到最后或者比较后的为置。
1.Withoutgoodstudyhabits,youcannotmakegreatprogressinEnglish.
2.Itisapleasuretoreadgoodbooks.
3.Badlyfrightenedbytheexplosion,theboyrushedoutofthelaboratory.
10.对偶句dualsentence
两个结构相似但意思相反的平行从句
11.短句shortsentence
12.长句LongSentence
13.平行结构parallelstructure
一个句子如含有两个或更多的在语法形式和作用上相同的部分
1.Weclimbedthemountain.Wevisitedseveraltemples.Wefedsomemonkeys.(parallelstructure).
Weclimbedthemountain,visitedseveraltemples(寺院)andfedsomemonkeys.
2.ItwillnotbedonebytheGovernment;itcannotbedonebyparliament(?
?
).
练习P36:
1.Xucomesfromaworking-classfamily.
Heenrolledincollegelastfall.
2.Thedean(院长)issuedabulletin(公告).
Itsaidthelibrarywouldremainopenonweekends.
3.Lastnightwasawildnight.
Thethunderroared.Thewindblewagale(狂风).Therainfellintorrents(凶猛).
4.Thereareicicles(?
?
)onthetrees.
Thetemperaturemusthavefallenconsiderably(?
?
?
)duringthenight.
5.Hereturnedtohishometown.
Hehadbeenawayfortwentyyears.
Helookedinvainforthefamiliarlandmarks.
6.Wehavemadesomeprogress.Westillhavealongwaytogo.
7.Theskywascloudless.Thesunwasshinningbrightly.
8.Therewereovertwohundredpassengersonboardtheplane.
Aboutonethirdofthemwereforeigners.
9.Thegirlbegantolearntoplaythepianowhenshewasachild.
Hermotherwasafamouspianist.
10.NapoleonwasborninCorsicain1769.
AtthattimetheislandhadjustbeenacquiredbyFrance.
11.Sheappearedonthestage(?
?
).
Astormyapplausebrokeforth(发出).
12.ThegypsiesarereallyanomadicpeoplefromIndia.
TheymigratedintoEurope.
OncetheywerethoughttobeEgyptians.
13.Thenewworkersareyoungandinexperience.
Theyareeagertolearnfromtheveteranworkers.
14.Itwasapoorquarter.
Therewerealotofsmallhuts.
Theyhadmudwallsandstrawroofs.Theydottedahillside.
15.Heheardthathisfatherwasill.
Hewasanxioustogohometoseehim.
Hewenttothestationearlyinthemorningtobuyaticket.
3修改病句5题10分
1.完整句子与不完整的句子
1.一个完整的句子以大写字母开始,以句号结束。
结构完整的句子要用逗号。
例1:
Itwasraininghard,theycouldnotworkinthefields.
改:
例2:
Iwasborninasmalltown,inthetowntherewasonlyoneschool,Istudiedthereforsixyears.
改:
例3:
Theessayispoorlyorganized,thereisnocentralidea.
改:
例4:
Therewerepeoplewhowouldbegladtoseehimleavetheplace,heknewit.
改:
例5:
Theprincipaloftheschoolmaydosomethingtoreducethepupil’shomeworkload,hemay,forexample,stopassigninghomeworkforSaturdayandSunday.
改:
例6:
Ourhostentertaineduswithmanyinterestingstoriesofadventure,hehadbeenamemberofanexplorationteamworkingintheArctic.
改:
例7:
WhenIwokeupIsawhimasleepinbed,Ihadnotheardhimwhenhecameback.BecauseIhadbeensleepingsoundly(?
?
?
).
改:
例8:
Liualwaysdidhisworkalittlebetterthanhisfellowworkers,thatwaswhyhegothigherpaythanothers.
改:
例9:
Nostudentcouldanswerthatquestion,evenYao,whowasusuallyquickinansweringquestions,wassilent.
改:
例10:
LinlookslikeLi,however,theyarenotrelated.
改:
例11:
Theoldmanhunched(?
?
?
?
)forward.Hisheadtilted( ?
?
)atanangle.Hiseyeshalfclosed,lookingverysleepy.
改:
例12:
Theirworkwaswellplanned,everybodyworkedwithgreatenthusiasm,thus,theyoverfulfilled(完成)theirquota(?
?
).
改:
例13:
MarkTwain,awell-knownAmericanwriter,whoseexperienceasapilotonasteamboatwasnodoubtanimportantfactorthathelpedhimtobecomeafamouswriter.
改:
2.有效句子的一致性
1.BorninasmalltowninSouthChinaintheearly1950s,hegrewuptobeafamousmusician.
改:
2.DuFuwasoneofthegreatestpoets.
改:
3.有效句子的连贯性
1.Amanisjudgednotonlybywhathesaysbutalsobyhisdeeds.
改:
2:
Wethoughtshewascharming,intelligent,andaverycapableyoungwoman.
改:
3.Wehavegreatfaithandhighhopesforher.
改:
4.Shetoldmysisterthatshewaswrong.
改:
5.Hewasknockeddownbyabicycle,butitwasnotserious.
改:
6.I’mgoingtothelecture(?
?
)onmodernChinesedrama,becauseheisadramatist(?
?
?
)Ilike.
改:
7.Lookingoutofthewindow,thegrasslandstretchesasfarastheeyecanreach.
改
8.Onenteringtheclassroom,thestudentsstoopupandsaid,”Goodmorning!
”
改
9.Togetreadyforthetrip,allthethingssheneededwereputintoasuitcase.
改
10Sheboughtseveralpicturebooksandbutthemintoherbag,whichsheintendedtogivetoherchildren.
改
11.Theideahementionedatfirstsoundedgood.
改
12.Hegaveareasonfornotattendingthemeeting,whichnobodybelieved.
改
13.Animportantthingforstudenttorememberisthatwhenwritingapaper,youshouldnotplagiarize(?
?
).
改
14.ThosewhowishtotakeLinguisticsareexpectedtosignhisnameonthissh
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