人教英语必修3新课标Unit 4 Astronomythe science of the stars单元评估检测四.docx

人教英语必修3新课标Unit 4 Astronomythe science of the stars单元评估检测四.docx

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人教英语必修3新课标Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars单元评估检测四

单元评估检测（四）

第Ⅰ卷

第一部分：

阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A

EdmundHalleywasanEnglishscientistwholivedover200yearsago.Hestudiedtheobservationsofcomets（彗星）whichotherscientistshadmade.Theorbitofoneparticularcometwasaverydifficultmathematicalproblem.Hecouldnotfigureitout.Neithercouldotherscientistswhodealtwithsuchproblem.

However，HalleyhadafriendnamedIsaacNewton，whowasabrilliantmathematician.Newtonthoughthehadalreadyworkedoutthatproblem，buthecouldnotfindthepapersonwhichhehaddoneit.HetoldHalleythattheorbitofacomethadtheshapeofanellipse（椭圆形）．

NowHalleysettowork.Hefiguredout（解决，计算出）theorbitsofsomeofthecometsthathadbeenobservedbyscientists.Hemadeasurprisingdiscovery.Thecometsthathadappearedintheyears1531，1607，and1682allhadthesameorbit.Yettheirappearanceshadbeen75to76yearsapart.

ThisseemedverystrangetoHalley.Threedifferentcometsfollowedthesameorbit.ThemoreHalleythoughtaboutit，themorehethoughtthattherehadnotbeenthreedifferentcomets，aspeoplethought.Hedecidedthattheyhadsimplyseenthesamecometthreetimes.Thecomethadgoneawayandhadcomebackagain.

Itwasanastonishingidea！

Halleyfeltcertainenoughtomakeaprediction（预言）ofwhatwouldhappeninthefuture.Hedecidedthatthiscometwouldappearintheyear1758.Therewere53yearstogobeforeHalley’spredictioncouldbetested.

In1758thecometappearedinthesky.Halleydidnotseeit，forhehaddiedsomeyearsbefore.EversincethenthatcomethadbeencalledHalley’scomet，inhishonour.

【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了科学家埃德蒙·哈雷及其发现。

1．EdmundHalleyfiguredouttheorbitof________．

A．somedifferentcometsappearingseveraltimes

B．thesamecometappearingatdifferenttimes

C．threedifferentcometsappearingthreetimes

D．severalcometsappearingatthesametime

解析：

选B。

从文章第四段中的“Hedecidedthattheyhadsimplyseenthesamecometthreetimes.”和上段中看到的彗星时间分别是1531年、1607年、1682年得知，B项为正确答案。

2．Halleymadeasurprising，butcorrectpredictionintheyear________．

A．1704　　　　　　B．1705

C．1706D．1707

解析：

选B。

通过文中倒数第二段的“Hedecidedthatthiscometwouldappearintheyear1758.Therewere53yearstogobeforeHalley’spredictioncouldbetested.”可计算出。

3．Thispassageingeneralisabout________．

A．Halleyandotherscientists

B．theorbitofacomet

C．NewtonandHalley

D．Halleyandhisdiscovery

解析：

选D。

文章的中心就是讲埃德蒙·哈雷以及他的发现，所以选D项，A、B、C三项均不是文章的中心所在，可排除。

B

Theearthistheonlyplanetthatscientistsarecertainhaslife.Whatdoestheearthhavethattheotherplanetsdon’t?

Foronething，theearthhasjusttherighttemperature.Asthe_third_planetfromthesun，theearthseemstobejusttherightdistanceaway.Theplanetsthatareclosertothesunaresohotthattheirsurfacesbakeinthesun.Thefarthestplanetsarecoldballs.

Whentheearthdeveloped—whichscientistsbelievemayhavehappenedaboutbillionsofyearsago—manygasescoveredtheearth.Thegasescausedtheearthtobehot.Butsomethingwonderfulhappened.Thetemperaturewasjustrightforthickcloudstoform.Itrainedveryhardforaverylongtime.Thisgavetheearthitsoceans.Watermadeitpossibleforplantstogrow.Theplantscreatedoxygenintheatmosphere.Oxygenisthegasthathumansandanimalsbreathe.

Onlyoneotherplanetinthesolarsystemseemstobesomethingliketheearth.ThatplanetisMars.Marsissmallerthantheearth，anditisquiteabitcooler.Butitisnottoocoldforhumans.Onsomedays，thetemperaturesareascoldasawinterdayinthenorthernUnitedStates.Ifyouworeaspecialspacesuit，youcouldwalkaroundonMars.Youwouldhavetobringyourownairtobreathe，though.TheaironMarsistoothintobreathe.

Marshasthelargestvolcanointhesolarsystem.Itissixteenmileshigh.Thehighestvolcanoontheearthisfivemileshigh.ThemostunexpectedsightonMarsisdriedupriverbeds.ScientistsbelievethatMarswasoncemuchwetterthanitisnow.DoesthismeantherecouldhavebeenlivingthingsonMars?

Scientistsarenotsure，buttherehasbeennosignsofar.

【解题导语】　本文介绍了地球的情况和与其有相似之处的火星。

4．Itisthe________ontheearththatmakeslifepossible.

A．temperature

B．water

C．oxygen

D．temperature，waterandoxygen

解析：

选D。

文章第一段和第二段提到了温度、水和氧气对人类生存的必要性，故选D。

5．Theunderlinedphrase“thethirdplanet”means“________”．

A．thesunB．theearth

C．themoonD．Mars

解析：

选B。

根据短语所在句子可以看出“thethirdplanet”指的是“theearth”。

6．Whichplanetinthesolarsystemismostliketheearth?

A．Mars.B．Moon.

C．Sun.D．MarsandMoon.

解析：

选A。

由第三段的第一、二句可知。

7．Thebesttitleofthepassageshouldbe________．

A．LivingThingsonOurEarth

B．TheMoon

C．LivingThingsontheMoon

D．MarsIsMostLiketheEarth

解析：

选D。

文章前两段讲了地球之所以适合人生存的原因，后两段讲了火星上的一些情况，故D项适合作标题。

C

Ifyoulookforabookasapresentforachild.YouwillbespoiledforchoiceeveninayearwhenthereisnonewHarryPattenJ．KPowling’swizard.Thepastdecadehasbeenaharvestforgoodchildren’sbooks，whichhassetoffalargequantityoffilmsandanincreasedsalesofclassicssuchasThelardoftheRings.

Yetdespitethat，readingisincreasinglyunpopularamongchildren.Accordingtostatisticsin1997，23%saidtheydidn’tlikereadinginall.In2003，35%did.Andaround6%ofchildrenleaveprimaryschooleachyearunabletoreadproperly.

Maybethedeclineiscausedbytheincreasingavailabilityofcomputergames.Maybethebooksboomhasaffectedonlythetopoftheeducationalpile.Eitherway，ChancellorCordonBrownplanstochangethingsforthebottomoftheclass.Inhisprebudgetreport，heannouncedthenationalprojectofReadingRecoverytohelpthechildrenstrugglingmost.

ReadingRecoveryisaimedatsixyearolds，whoreceivefourmonthsofindividualdailyhalfhourclasseswithaspeciallytrainedteacher.Anevaluationeitherthisyearreportedthatchildrenontheschoolmade20months’progressinjustoneyear，whereassimilarlyweakreaderswithoutspecialhelpmadejustfivemonths’progress，andsoendedtheyearevenfurtherbelowthelevelexpectedfortheirage.

InternationalresearchtendstofindthatwhenBritishchildrenleaveprimaryschooltheyreadwell，butreadtextoftenforfunthanthoseelsewhere.Readingforfunmattersbecausechildrenwhoarekeeponreadingcanreportlifelongpleasureandlovingbooksisanexcellentindicatoroffutureeducationalsuccess.AccordingtotheOECD，beingaregularandenthusiasticreaderisofgreatadvantage.

【解题导语】　本文主要讲述许多儿童不喜欢读书，针对这件事，介绍了一种提高儿童读书的方法。

8．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEofParagraph1?

A．Manychildren’sbookshavebeenadaptedfromfilms.

B．Manyhighqualitychildren’sbookshavebeenpublished.

C．Thesalesofclassicshaveledtothepopularityoffilms.

D．Thesalesofpresentsforchildrenhaveincreased.

解析：

选B。

段落大意题。

第一段主要讲述了许多好的儿童书籍已经被出版了。

9．Statisticssuggestedthat________．

A．thenumberoftopstudentsincreasedwiththeuseofcomputers

B．adecreasingnumberofchildrenshowedinterestinreading

C．aminorityofprimaryschoolchildrenreadproperly

D．ahugepercentageofchildrenreadregularly

解析：

选B。

推理判断题。

从第二段所给出的数据可判断B正确。

10．Readingforfunisimportantbecausebooklovingchildren________．

A．takegreateradvantageoftheproject

B．showthepotentialtoenjoyalonglife

C．arelikelytosucceedintheireducation

D．wouldmakeexcellentfutureresearchers

解析：

选C。

细节理解题。

从第五段倒数第二句话lovingbooksisanexcellentindicatoroffutureeducationalsuccess可看出C正确。

11．Theaimofthistextwouldprobablybe________．

A．toovercomeprimaryschoolpupilsreadingdifficulty

B．toencouragethepublicationofmorechildren’sbooks

C．toremindchildrenoftheimportanceofreadingforfun

D．tointroduceawaytoimproveearlychildrenreading

解析：

选D。

主旨大意题。

写这篇文章的目的就是就儿童不愿意读书的问题来介绍一种提高儿童读书的方法。

D

Didyoueverlookupatthemoonandthinkyousawaman’sfacethere?

Whenthemoonisroundandfull，theshadowsofthemoonmountainsandthelinesofthemoonvalleyssometimesseemtoshowagiantnoseandmouthandeyes.Atleast，somepeoplethinkso.

Iftherewereamanonthemoon—insteadofmountainsandvalleysthatjustlooklikethefaceofaman—whatwouldhebelike?

Hewouldnotbelikeanyoneyouknow.Hewouldnotbelikeanyoneanybodyknows.

IfthemanonthemoonwerebotheredbytoomuchheatorcoldthewayEarthpeopleare，hecouldnotstayonthemoon.

Themoonbecomesvery，veryhot.Itbecomesashotasboilingwater.Andthemoonbecomesvery，verycold.Itbecomescolderthanice.

Whateverpartofthemoonthesunshinesonishotandbright.Therestofthemooniscoldanddark.

Ifthemanonthemoonhadtobreathetostayalive，hecouldn’tliveonthemoonbecausethere’snoairthere.（He’dhavetocarryanoxygentank，asastronautsdo.）There’snofoodonthemoon，either.Nothinggrows—notevenweeds.

Ifthemanonthemoonlikedtoclimbmountains，hewouldbeveryhappy.Therearemanyhighplacesthere，suchastheraisedlandaroundtheholes，orcraters，ofthemoon.SomeoftheserimsareastallasEarth’shighestmountains.

Butifthemanonthemoonlikedtoswim，hewouldbeunhappy.Thereisnowateronthemoon—justdustandrock.

Whenyouthinkofwhatit’slikeonthemoon，youmaywonderwhyitinterestsourscientists.OnereasonisthatthemoonisEarth’snearestneighbor—itistheeasiestplaceinspacetogetto.

GoingbackandforthbetweenthemoonandEarth，astronautswillgetalotofpracticeinspacetravel.Thingslearnedonmoontripswillbeofgreathelptoastronautswholatertakelong，longtripstosomeoftheplanets.

Scientistsarealsointerestedinthemoonbecauseithasnoair.TheairthatsurroundsEarthcutsdowntheviewofthescientistswholookatthestarsthroughtelescopes.Atelescopeon