第56讲 名词性从句.docx
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第56讲 名词性从句.docx
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第56讲名词性从句
第一讲名词性从句
试一试:
完成以下题目,并分别指出它们是什么从句
1.______thebabycouldspeakmadehisparentsveryhappy.(主语从句)
A.ThatB.WhatC.WhyD.If
2.Iwonder______youwillgoshoppingorstayathome.(宾语从句)
A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.what
3.Thisis______hewasoftenlateforschool.(表语从句)
A.whatB.thatC.whyD.whether
4.Weallknowthetruth______theearth______aroundthesun.(同位语从句)
A.if;movedB.that;movesC.why;moveD.whether;move
一.名词性从句的概念:
一个句子在连接词的引导下,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。
二.名词性从句的功能:
相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。
Hisjobisimportant.(主语)
Whathedoesisimportant.(主语)
Thisishisjob.(表语)
Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.(表语)
Idon’tlikehisjob.(宾语)
Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.(宾语)
Idon’tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.(同位语)
Idon’tknowabouttheman,Mr.White.(同位语)
得出结论:
因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分为四类,即:
主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
三.引导名词性从句的连接词:
1、连接代词:
who,whoever,whose,whom,whomever,what,which。
有词义,在从句中担任成分,如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。
操练1:
(1)___Who_______breaksthelawshouldbepunished.
2、连接副词:
when,where,why,how。
有词义,在从句中担任成分,作状语。
操练2:
(1)Parentsarethoughttounderstand___how_______importanteducationistotheirchildren’sfuture.
(2)Thereason____why______hewasabsentwasthathewasill.
3、连接词:
that,whether,if,asif,asthough。
that无词义,在从句中不担任成分,有时可省略;if(whether),asif虽有词义,但在从句中不担任成分。
操练3:
(1)Idon’tcareabout____whether______youhavemoneyornot.
(2)Theproblemis____that______Tomisabletoarriveontime.
(3)Itlooks___asif_______itisgoingtorain.
(4)Thetruthis__that________hedidn’tcomefortheconcert.
(5)__That________theearthisroundistrue.
四.名词性从句的类型:
1.主语从句:
在复合句中作主句的主语。
连接词有that,whether;who,what,which;when,where,how,why等。
如:
操练4:
(1)___That_______heisafamoussingerisknowntous.
(2)___When_______hewillgotoAmericaisnotyetfixed.
(3)___Whether_______she’scomingornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch.
(4)___Who_______broketheglassyesterdayisnotclear.
注意:
1.为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。
记住以下it作形式主语的句型:
It’slikely/possible/important/necessary/clearthat…很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚…
It’ssaid/reportedthat…据说/据报道…
Itseems/appears/happensthat…显然、明显、碰巧…
It’sbeenannounced/declaredthat…已经通知/宣布…
It’snowonderthat…并不奇怪/无疑…
It’sapity/afact/acommonknowledge(众所周知)/acommonsaying(俗话说)that…
操练5:
(1)Itworriedherabit______herhairwasturninggrey.
A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for
(2)Itremainsaquestion______wecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime.
A.howB.thatC.whenD.what
(3)Itisknowntous______wherethereispollution,thereisharm.
A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that
2.单个的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用句单数形式;如果是两个或两个以上的主语作
主语,谓语动词则视情况而定。
Whenandwherehewasbornhasn’tbeenfound.
Whenhewasbornandwherehewasbornhaven’tbeenfound.
Whenandwhythepersonwasmurderedisstillunknown.
Whenthepersonwasmurderedandwhyhewasmurderedarestillunknown.
操练6
(1).______makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.
A.WhatB.WhoC.WhateverD.Whoever
(2)It’snotclear______wasresponsiblefortheaccident.
A.WhoB.WhatC.HowD.That
2.表语从句:
在复合句中作主句的表语。
引导词有连词that,whether,asif,asthough;who,what,which,whose;when,where,how,why,because等。
如:
操练7
(1)Theproblemis__that_______wedidn’tgetintouchwithhim.
(2)Thisis___why______Henrysolvedtheproblem.
(3)Hissuggestionis___that______we(should)finishtheworkatonce.
(3)Itlooked___asif______itwasgoingtorain.
(4)Thereason___why______wedidn'ttrusthimis__that_______hehasoftenlied.
注意:
1.如果句子的主语是suggestion,advice,order,demand,proposal等名词时,后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略。
他的建议是我们应该马上完成工作.Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)finishtheworkatonce.
2.Thereasonisthat……的理由是,…的原因是…
操练8:
(1)Thereason___why_______hewaslateagainwas___that_______hewascaughtinthetrafficjam.
(2)Thereason______Ihavetogois______mymotherisillinbed.
A.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because
3.Itisbecause…这是因为…
操练9:
(1)Thisis______shewasborn.
A.whereB.whichC.thatD.what
(2)Thequestionis______wecan’tgotheretoday.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when
(3)Thereasonhehasmadesuchgreatprogressis______hehasneverwastedhistime.
A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.what
(4)Myadviceisthathe______schoolbybike.
A.gotoB.wouldgotoC.goestoD.wentto
(5)______shecouldn’tunderstandwas______fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.
A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;that
当堂检测
(一)指出带下划线的从句属于名词性从句中的哪一种?
1.Whathewantsisabook.主语从句
2.Itissonicethatwecanlearnthisgrammarpointtogether.主语从句
3.Theproblemiswhetheryoucansingitwell.表语从句
4.Thathewantsabookiscertain.主语从句
5.Whetheryoulikehimornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch.主语从句
6.I’msogladthatIcanmakefriendswithyou.表语从句
7.Thisiswhyhedidit.表语从句
(二)翻译填空
1.我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。
__When______weshallholdoursportsmeetingisnotdecided.
2.我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。
Idon’tknow___who______broketheglassyesterday.
3.我不知道他长的什么样子。
Ihavenoidea___what______helookslike.
4.这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。
Thisis___where______Ileftmyglasses.
(三)单项选择
1.________makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.
A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever
4.ThereasonwhyIdidn'tgotoShanghaiwas________anewjob.
A.becauseIgotB.becauseofgettingC.IgotD.thatIgot
2._______surprisedmemostwas________suchalittleboyofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.
A.That...whatB.What...thatC.That...whichD.What...which
3.Thecityisnolonger________.
A.whatitisB.thatitusedtobeC.whichitwasD.whatitusedtobe
4.________wegoswimmingeveryday________usalotofgood.
A.If...doB.That...doC.If...doesD.That...does
5.________theboydidn'ttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.
A.ThatB.WhatC.HowD.Which
6.________leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.
A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who
82.Canyoupointout________tworadiosarethebest
A.whichB.whatC.thatD.whether
7._______makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.
A.WhoB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.Anybody
8._______youcomeornotisuptoyou.
A.WhatB.IfC.WhyD.Whether
第一讲答案
试一试:
1B(主语从句)2C(宾语从句)3C(表语从句)4B(同位语从句)
操练1:
(1)Who
操练2:
(1)how
(2)why
操练3:
(1)whether
(2)that(3)asif(4)that(5)That
操练4:
(1)That
(2)When(3)Whether(4)Who
操练5:
BAD
操练6
(1).A
(2)A
操练7
(1)that
(2)why(3)that(3)asif(4)whythat
操练8:
(1)whythat
(2)C
操练9:
AACAD
当堂检测
(一)指出带下划线的从句属于名词性从句中的哪一种?
1.主语从句2.主语从句3.表语从句4.主语从句5.主语从句6.表语从句7.表语从句
(三)翻译填空
1.When2.who3what4where
(三)单项选择CDBDDACACD
第二讲名词性从句
(三)宾语从句:
在复合句中作主句的宾语。
引导词有连词that,whether,if;who,whom,whose,what,which;when,where,how,why等。
如:
一.宾语从句的种类
宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语,或介词的宾语,或形容词的宾语。
根据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可分为三类。
1.由that引导的宾语从句。
That只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。
例如:
Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.
Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.
Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.
2.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。
这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。
例如:
Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfoe?
Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.
CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?
Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.
3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。
If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。
例如:
Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.
Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.
二.宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。
例如:
Ihear(that)physicsisn’teasy.
Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.
CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?
Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhavethemeeting.
三.宾语从句的时态
1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。
如:
Idon’tthink(that)youareright.
Pleasetelluswhereheis.
CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?
2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)。
例如:
Heaskedwhattimeitwas.
Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.
HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.
HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.
3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理,其时态常用一般现在时。
例如:
OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.
Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.
操练10:
(1).Doyouknow_______duringthecomingsummerholiday?
A.whatwillTomdoB.whatdidTomdoC.whatTomwilldoD.whatTomdid
(2).Iwanttoknow_________.
A.whatishisnameB.what’shisnameC.thathisnameisD.whathisnameis
(3).Doyouknow________Icouldpasstheexam?
A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.which
(4).Jimdoesn’tunderstand____________.
A.whichisthewaytothemuseumB.whyhiswifealwaysgoesshopping
C.whatisthewaytothemuseumD.whydoesshealwaysgoshopping
(5).---Couldyoutellme______sheislookingfor?
A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.which
6.Mr.Kingdidn’tknow_______yesterdayevening.
A.whendoeshissoncomehomeB.whenhissoncomeshome
C.whendidhissoncomehomeD.whenhissoncamehome
7.Couldyoutellme_______thebikethismorning?
A.howdoeshemendB.howhemends
C.howhemendedD.howdidhemend
8.---I’mwaitingforthemail.Doyouknow________itwillarrive?
---Usuallyitcomesby4:
00.
A.howB.whereC.whenD.what
9.---Excuseme,wouldyoupleasetellme________?
---Certainly.Gostraightalonghere.It’snexttoahospital.
A.howwecangettothepostofficeB.howcanwegettothepostoffice
C.howgettothepostofficeD.howcouldwegettothepostoffice
10.---CanIhelpyou?
---Yes.I’dlikeatickettoMountEmei.Canyoutellme______taketogetth
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