五年高考英语真题阅读理解推理判断题含答案解析.docx
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五年高考英语真题阅读理解推理判断题含答案解析.docx
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五年高考英语真题阅读理解推理判断题含答案解析
专题十二 推理判断
挖命题
【考情探究】
考点
内容
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
合计
预测热度
推理判断
此题型主要考查考生根据文章表面文字的信息进行分析、综合、归纳及逻辑推理的能力。
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分析解读 推理判断题是阅读理解题中难度较大的一类,答案不是文章直接给出的,必须经过分析、综合、归纳及逻辑推理获取。
该类题最能考查学生的英语综合运用能力和逻辑思维能力。
因此,此题型要求考生能根据全文所提供的事实及自己的一些常识,进行合理的逻辑推测,判断作者的意图,人物的动机、目的以及性格的特征,事件发生的前因后果等;还能理解某句、某段的深层意义,进而把握全篇的文脉,即句与句、段与段之间的关系,并能据此进行推理和判断。
过专题
【五年高考】
A组 自主命题·江苏卷题组
Passage1(2018江苏,D)词数:
704
Childrenasyoungastenarebecomingdependentonsocialmediafortheirsenseofself-worth,amajorstudywarned.
Itfoundmanyyoungsters(少年)nowmeasuretheirstatusbyhowmuchpublicapprovaltheygetonline,oftenthrough“likes”.Somechangetheirbehaviourinreallifetoimprovetheirimageontheweb.
Thereportintoyoungstersagedfrom8to12wascarriedoutbyChildren’sCommissioner(专员)AnneLongfield.Shesaidsocialmediafirmswereexposingchildrentomajoremotionalrisks,withsomeyoungstersstartingsecondaryschoolill-equippedtocopewiththetremendouspressuretheyfacedonline.
Somesocialappswerepopularamongthechildreneventhoughtheysupposedlyrequireuserstobeatleast13.Theyoungstersadmittedplanningtripsaroundpotentialphoto-opportunitiesandthenmessagingfriends—andfriendsoffriends—todemand“likes”fortheironlineposts.
Thereportfoundthatyoungstersfelttheirfriendshipscouldbeatriskiftheydidnotrespondtosocialmediapostsquickly,andaroundtheclock.
Childrenaged8to10were“startingtofeelhappy”whenotherslikedtheirposts.However,thoseinthe10to12agegroupwere“concernedwithhowmanypeopleliketheirposts”,suggestinga“need”forsocialrecognitionthatgetsstrongertheoldertheybecome.
MissLongfieldwarnedthatagenerationofchildrenriskedgrowingup“worriedabouttheirappearanceandimageasaresultoftheunrealisticlifestylestheyfollowonplatforms,andincreasinglyanxiousaboutswitchingoffduetotheconstantdemandsofsocialmedia”.
Shesaid:
“Childrenareusingsocialmediawithfamilyandfriendsandtoplaygameswhentheyareinprimaryschool.Butwhatstartsasfunusageofappsturnsintotremendouspressureinrealsocialmediainteractionatsecondaryschool.”
Astheirworldexpanded,shesaid,childrencomparedthemselvestoothersonlineinawaythatwas“hugelydamagingintermsoftheirself-identity,intermsoftheirconfidence,butalsointermsoftheirabilitytodevelopthemselves”.
MissLongfieldadded:
“Thenthereisthispushtoconnect—ifyougooffline,willyoumisssomething,willyoumissout,willyoushowthatyoudon’tcareaboutthosepeopleyouarefollowing,allofthosecometogetherinahugewayatonce.”
“Forchildrenitisvery,verydifficulttocopewithemotionally.”TheChildren’sCommissionerforEngland’sstudy—LifeinLikes—foundthatchildrenasyoungas8wereusingsocialmediaplatformslargelyforplay.
However,theresearch—involvingeightgroupsof32childrenaged8to12—suggestedthatastheyheadedtowardtheirteens,theybecameincreasinglyanxiousonline.
Bythetimetheystartedsecondaryschool—atage11—childrenwerealreadyfarmoreawareoftheirimageonlineandfeltunderhugepressuretoensuretheirpostswerepopular,thereportfound.
However,theystilldidnotknowhowtocopewithmean-spiritedjokes,orthesenseofincompetencetheymightfeeliftheycomparedthemselvestocelebrities(名人)ormorebrilliantfriendsonline.Thereportsaidtheyalsofacedpressuretorespondtomessagesatallhoursoftheday—especiallyatsecondaryschoolwhenmoreyoungstershavemobilephones.
TheChildren’sCommissionersaidschoolsandparentsmustnowdomoretopreparechildrenfortheemotionalminefield(雷区)theyfacedonline.Andshesaidsocialmediacompaniesmustalso“takemoreresponsibility”.Theyshouldeithermonitortheirwebsitesbettersothatchildrendonotsignuptooearly,ortheyshouldadjusttheirwebsitestotheneedsofyoungerusers.
JavedKhan,ofchildren’scharityBarnardo’s,said:
“It’svitalthatnewcompulsoryage-appropriaterelationshipandsexeducationlessonsinEnglandshouldhelpequipchildrentodealwiththegrowingdemandsofsocialmedia.”
“It’salsohugelyimportantforparentstoknowwhichappstheirchildrenareusing.”
1.Whydidsomesecondaryschoolstudentsfeeltoomuchpressure?
A.Theywerenotprovidedwithadequateequipment.
B.Theywerenotwellpreparedforemotionalrisks.
C.Theywererequiredtogivequickresponses.
D.Theywerepreventedfromusingmobilephones.
2.Somesocialappcompaniesweretoblamebecause .
A.theydidn’tadequatelychecktheirusers’registration
B.theyorganizedphototripstoattractmoreyoungsters
C.theyencouragedyoungsterstopostmorephotos
D.theydidn’tstopyoungstersfromstayinguplate
3.Children’scomparingthemselvestoothersonlinemayleadto .
A.lessfriendlinesstoeachother
B.lowerself-identityandconfidence
C.anincreaseinonlinecheating
D.astrongerdesiretostayonline
4.AccordingtoLifeinLikes,aschildrengrew,theybecamemoreanxiousto .
A.circulatetheirpostsquickly
B.knowthequalitiesoftheirposts
C.usemobilephonesforplay
D.getmorepublicapproval
5.Whatshouldparentsdotosolvetheproblem?
A.Communicatemorewithsecondaryschools.
B.Urgemediacompaniestocreatesaferapps.
C.Keeptrackofchildren’suseofsocialmedia.
D.Forbidtheirchildrenfromvisitingtheweb.
6.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?
A.Theinfluenceofsocialmediaonchildren.
B.Theimportanceofsocialmediatochildren.
C.Theprobleminbuildingahealthyrelationship.
D.Themeasuretoreducerisksfromsocialmedia.
答案
1.B 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.C 6.A
Passage2(2017江苏,C)词数:
452
Anewcommoditybringsaboutahighlyprofitable,fast-growingindustry,urgingantitrust(反垄断)regulatorstostepintocheckthosewhocontrolitsflow.Acenturyago,theresourceinquestionwasoil.Nowsimilarconcernsarebeingraisedbythegiants(巨头)thatdealindata,theoilofthedigitalage.ThemostvaluablefirmsareGoogle,Amazon,FacebookandMicrosoft.Alllookunstoppable.
Suchsituationshaveledtocallsforthetechgiantstobebrokenup.Butsizealoneisnotacrime.Thegiants’successhasbenefitedconsumers.Fewwanttolivewithoutsearchenginesoraquickdelivery.Farfromchargingconsumershighprices,manyoftheseservicesarefree(userspay,ineffect,byhandingoveryetmoredata).Andtheappearanceofnew-borngiantssuggeststhatnewcomerscanmakewaves,too.
Butthereiscauseforconcern.Theinternethasmadedataabundant,all-presentandfarmorevaluable,changingthenatureofdataandcompetition.Googleinitiallyusedthedatacollectedfromuserstotargetadvertisingbetter.Butrecentlyithasdiscoveredthatdatacanbeturnedintonewservices:
translationandvisualrecognition,tobesoldtoothercompanies.Internetcompanies’controlofdatagivesthemenormouspower.Sotheyhavea“God’seyeview”ofactivitiesintheirownmarketsandbeyond.
Thisnatureofdatamakestheantitrustmeasuresofthepastlessuseful.BreakingupfirmslikeGoogleintofivesmalloneswouldnotstopremakingthemselves:
intime,oneofthemwouldbecomegreatagain.Arethinkisrequired—andasanewapproachstartstobecomeapparent,twoideasstandout.
Thefirstisthatantitrustauthoritiesneedtomovefromtheindustrialageintothe21stcentury.Whenconsideringamerger(兼并),forexample,theyhavetraditionallyusedsizetodeterminewhentostepin.Theynowneedtotakeintoaccounttheextentoffirms’dataassets(资产)whenassessingtheimpactofdeals.Thepurchasepricecouldalsobeasignalthatanestablishedcompanyisbuyinganew-bornthreat.Whenthistakesplace,especiallywhenanew-borncompanyhasnorevenuetospeakof,theregulatorsshouldraiseredflags.
Thesecondprincipleistoloosenthecontrolthatprovidersofon-lineserviceshaveoverdataandgivemoretothosewhosupplythem.Companiescouldbeforcedtorevealtoconsumerswhatinformationtheyholdandhowmuchmoneytheymakefromit.Governmentscouldorderthesharingofcertainkindsofdata,withusers’consent.
Restartingantitrustfortheinformationagewillnotbeeasy.Butifgovernmentsdon’twantadataeconomycontrolledbyafewgiants,theymustactsoon.
1.Whyisthereacalltobreakupgiants?
A.Theyhavecontrolledthedatamarket.
B.Theycollectenormousprivatedata.
C.Theynolongerprovidefreeservices.
D.Theydismissedsomenew-borngiants.
2.WhatdoesthetechnologicalinnovationinParagraph3indicate?
A.Datagiants’technologyisveryexpensive.
B.Google’sideaispopularamongdatafirms.
C.Datacanstrengthengiants’controllingposition.
D.Datacanbeturnedintonewservicesorproducts.
3.Bypayingattentiontofirms’dataassets,antitrustregulatorscould .
A.killanewthreat
B.avoidthesizetrap
C.favourbiggerfirms
D.chargehigherprices
4.Whatisthepurposeoflooseningthegiants’controlofdata?
A.Bigcompaniescouldrelievedatasecuritypressure.
B.Governmentscouldrelievetheirfinancialpressure.
C.Consumerscouldbetterprotecttheirprivacy.
D.Smallcompaniescouldgetmoreopportunities.
答案
1.A 2.C 3.B 4.D
Passage3(2016江苏,C)词数:
443
ElNiño,aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild”,wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern,whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears,reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNiñoseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.
Theweathereffects,bothgoodandbad,a
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- 年高 英语 阅读 理解 推理 判断 答案 解析
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