高考英语社会生活类阅读理解精选试题168页.docx
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高考英语社会生活类阅读理解精选试题168页.docx
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高考英语社会生活类阅读理解精选试题168页
2020高考英语社会生活类阅读理解精选试题
答案解析
1.D
Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool(小学),Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.
Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:
thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables’plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere’sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:
statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.
Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein’sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,are“mostlikelytoengage(从事)indangerousandriskybehavior.”
Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastliked,themostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys(调查研究).“Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus.”
Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydate—sharing,kindness,openness—carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.
Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch,Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:
Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too.“Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,”hesaid.
1.Whatsortofgirlwastheauthorinherearlyyearsofelementaryschool?
A.Unkind.B.Lonely.C.Generous.D.Cool.
2.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?
A.Theclassificationofthepopular.
B.Thecharacteristicsofadolescents
C.Theimportanceofinterpersonalskills.
D.Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior.
3.WhatdidDr.Prinstein’sstudyfindaboutthemostlikedkids?
A.Theyappearedtobeaggressive.
B.Theytendedtobemoreadaptable.
C.Theyenjoyedthehigheststatus.
D.Theyperformedwellacademically.
4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.BeNice—YouWon’tFinishLast
B.TheHighertheStatus,theBeer
C.BetheBest—YouCanMakeIt
D.MoreSelf-Control,LessAggressiveness
【答案】1.C2.A3.B4.A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。
文章主要讲述了受欢迎度对青少年的影响。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。
根据第一段Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool,Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.可知,在美好的小学时光里,作者喜欢分享她的娃娃和笑话,由此推断出,作者在早年的小学时期是一个慷慨的女孩。
A.Unkind不友善的;B.Lonely寂寞的;C.Generous慷慨的;D.Cool冷静的。
故选C。
【2题详解】
主旨大意题。
第二段MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:
thelikableandthestatusseekers.(临床心理学教授MitchPrinstein将受欢迎的人分为两类:
讨人喜欢的人和追求地位的人。
)是段落主题句,本段内容分别对thelikable和thestatusseekers做了解释,所以本段主要介绍了两种受欢迎的分类,故选A。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。
根据第四段Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment(它清楚地表明,讨人喜欢可以促使健全的调整)推断出,心理学教授MitchPrinstein的研究表明,讨人喜欢的孩子适应性更强,故选B。
【4题详解】
主旨大意题。
通过阅读全文内容,尤其是最后一段,可知这篇文章主要讲了受欢迎度对青少年的影响,讨人喜欢对青少年成长都有深远的有益影响。
与选项A“友善一点——你将不会排在最后(你不会完蛋/你会笑到最后)”一致,故选A。
2.C
MarianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeach’sBarLouiecounterbyherself,quietlyreadinghere-bookasshewaitsforhersalad.Whatisshereading?
Noneofyourbusiness!
LunchisBechtel’s“me”time.AndlikemoreAmericans,she’snotalone.
Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf(53percent)havebreakfastaloneandnearlyhalf(46percent)havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore,74percent,accordingtostatisticsfromthereport.
“Iprefertogooutandbeout.Alone,buttogether,youknow?
”Bechtelsaid,lookingupfromherbook.Bechtel,whoworksindowntownWestPalmBeach,haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes,butlikemanyofus,toooftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized.“Today,Ijustwantedsometimetomyself,”shesaid.
Justtwoseatsover,AndrewMazoleny,alocalvideographer,isfinishinghislunchatthebar.Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe’sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction(交流).“Ireflectonhowmyday’sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek,”hesaid.“It’sachanceforself-reflection.Youreturntoworkrechargedandwithaplan.”
Thatfreedomtochooseisonereasonmorepeopleliketoeatalone.Therewasatimewhenpeoplemayhavefeltawkwardaboutaskingforatableforone,butthosedaysareover.Now,wehaveoursmartphonestokeepuscompanyatthetable.“Itdoesn’tfeelasaloneasitmayhavebeforealltheadvancesintechnology,”saidLaurieDemeritt,whosecompanyprovidedthestatisticsforthereport.
5.Whatarethestatisticsinparagraph2about?
A.Foodvariety.
B.Eatinghabits.
C.Tablemanners.
D.Restaurantservice.
6.WhydoesBechtelprefertogooutforlunch?
A.Tomeetwithhercoworkers.
B.Tocatchupwithherwork.
C.Tohavesometimeonherown.
D.Tocollectdataforherreport.
7.WhatdoweknowaboutMazoleny?
A.Hemakesvideosforthebar.
B.He’sfondofthefoodatthebar.
C.Heinterviewscustomersatthebar.
D.He’sfamiliarwiththebarkeeper.
8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
A.Thetrendofhavingmealsalone.
B.Theimportanceofself-reflection.
C.Thestressfromworkingovertime.
D.Theadvantageofwirelesstechnology.
【答案】5.B6.C7.D8.A
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。
据一份报告显示,越来越多的美国人喜欢独自用餐,并通过两个实例加以说明,文章总结了人们喜欢独自用餐的原因。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。
根据第二段可知,在美国,约有46%的人们独自用餐,53%的人们独自吃早餐,46%的人们独自吃午餐,只有74%的人们晚餐不是独自享用,故可知本段的数据是关于用餐习惯,故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。
根据第三段Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Today,Ijustwantedsometimetomyself.可知,Bechtel一个人吃午饭可以让她逃离老板的关注,给自己留一些自由时间,故选C。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。
根据第四段helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe’sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction.可知,Mazoleny喜欢这样的气氛,因为可以坐在那里安静查看手机信息,或者想聊天了,可以直呼吧台服务员名字和他聊天,故可知,他与服务员很熟悉,可以直呼对方名字,故选D。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。
本文通过一份调查结果显示美国人喜欢独自用餐的趋势,并总结了人们选择独自用餐的原因,故选A。
3.B
Moneywithnostringsattached.It’snotsomethingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread,“GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed.”
Peoplequicklycaughton.Andwhilemanytookdollars,manyotherspinnedtheirowncashtotheboard.“Peopleofallages,races,andsocio-economic(社会经济的)backgroundsgaveandtook,”saidTylerBridgesofTheToolbox,whichcreatedtheproject.“Weevenhadabrideinherweddingdresscomeuptotheboardandtakeafewdollars.”Mostofthebillsontheboardweresingles,butafewpeopleleftfives,tensandeventwenties.Thevideoclip(片段)showsonemanwhohadfounda$20billpinningittotheboard.
“WhatIcansayforthefolksthatgavethemost,isthattheywerefullofsmiles,”Bridgessaid.“There’sacertainfeelingthatgivingcandoforyouandthatwasapparentinthosethatgavethemost.”Mostpeoplewhotookdollarstookonlyafew,butBridgessaidaverysmallnumbertookasmuchastheycould.
Whiletheclipmightlooklikepartofanewadcampaign,Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshowgenerosityandsympathy.HeaddedthathehopespeopleinothercitiesmighttrysimilarprojectsandposttheirownvideosontheInternet.
“Afterall,everyonehasbaddaysandgooddays,”hesaid.“Somedaysyouneedahelpinghandandsomedaysyoucanbetheonegivingthehelpinghand.”
9.Whatdoestheexpression“moneywithnostringsattached”inparagraph1mean?
A.Moneyspentwithouthesitation.
B.Moneynotlegallymade.
C.Moneyofferedwithoutconditions.
D.Moneynottiedtogether.
10.WhatdidBridgeswanttoshowbymentioningthebride?
A.Womentendedtobemoresociable.
B.Theactivityattractedvariouspeople.
C.Economicproblemsweregettingworse.
D.Youngcouplesneededfinancialassistance.
11.WhydidBridgescarryouttheproject?
A.Todoatestonpeople’smorals.
B.Toraisemoneyforhiscompany.
C.Toearnhimselfagoodreputation.
D.Topromotekindnessandsympathy.
【答案】9.C10.B11.D
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。
短文报道了上个月在洛杉矶的联合车站,一块牌子上用别针别满了美元,上面写着“给予你所能给与的,拿走你所需要的”。
这样的活动吸引了各种各样的人,组织者希望通过这样的活动来提倡仁慈和同情。
【9题详解】
词义猜测题。
根据第一段中ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread,“GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed.”可知,但是上个月在洛杉矶的联合车站,一块牌子上用别针别满了美元,上面写着“给予你所能给与的,拿走你所需要的”。
所以通过下文的语境,判断出第1段中的moneywithnostringsattached是“无条件提供的钱”的意思。
故C项正确。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。
根据第二段照片没给“Peopleofallages,races,andsocio-economic(社会经济的)backgroundsgaveandtook,”saidTylerBridgesofTheToolbox,whichcreatedtheproject.“Weevenhadabrideinherweddingdresscomeuptotheboardandtakeafewdollars.”可知,发起该项活动的泰勒·布里奇斯说:
“所有年龄、种族和社会经济背景的人都会付出和索取。
”甚至有一位穿着婚纱的新娘来到了牌子前,拿走了一些钱。
所以泰勒·布里奇斯提到新娘是想说明这项活动吸引了各种各样的人。
故B项正确。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。
根据倒数第二段Whiletheclipmightlooklikepartofanewadcampaign,Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshowgenerosityandsympathy.可知,尽管这段
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