精品卡通动画外文翻译定.docx
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精品卡通动画外文翻译定.docx
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精品卡通动画外文翻译定
中文4950字
外文阅读与翻译
题目:
卡通动画
二级学院(直属学部):
艺术与设计学院
专业:
动画
班级:
10动画一
学生姓名:
学号:
10170205
评阅教师姓名:
职称:
2014年3月
原版英文:
Chapitre1:
élaborationdespersonnages
Itcanbeanexcitingexperiencetocreateanddevelopanoriginalcartooncharacter.Constructinganddevelopingacharacterisnotmerelyamatterofdrawingthefigure,eachcharacteralsohasitsownshape,personality,features,andmannerisms.Theanimatorhastotakethesequalitiesintoconsiderationtomakethecharactersseemlifelikeandbelievable.Forexample,therearevariouspersonalitytypessuchas"goofy,""cute,"and"screwball".Thinkaboutthetypeofcharacteryouwishtodesign,thenusethediagramsandguidesshowninthischaptertobeginyourdrawing.Whencreatingacharacter,youshouldbeginbydrawingrough"idea"sketches.Thesewillgiveyouadirectionforthetypeandnatureofthecharacteryouwishtocreate.Developthebasicshapeofthefigure,thenaddthefeaturesandotherdetails.
Thisprocedureshouldbefollowedwhetherthecharacteryouaredevelopingisahuman,ananimal,oraninanimateobjectyouwishtobringtolife(forexample,drawingafaceonacomputerandmakingitdance).
Afteryouhavedevelopedthecharacterandtheproportionsarctoyourliking,developthemovementexpressionsofthebody,head,andhands.Handscantellacompletestorywithjustasimplepose.Studyandpracticedrawingthehandsshownonpage28,thencreatesomehandpositionsofyourown.Also,the"lineofaction"sectionisabighelpincreatingattitudesinpostureandmovement.Thischapteristhestartingpointtoaworldofexcitingcartoonanimation.
Cartoonconstruction
Proportionisoneofthemostimportantfactorstoconsiderwhenconstructingacartooncharacter.Theanimatormustkeepinmindtherelativesizesofthebodyparts,becausespecificproportionsareusedtocreatecharactertypes.Forexample,theheavy,pugnaciouscharacterhasasmallhead,largechestorbodyarea,heavyarmsandlegs,andthejawandchinnormallyprotrude,thecutecharacterisbasedontheproportionsofababywithalargeheadinproportiontotheovalbody,ahighforehead,andasmallmouth/eye/chinarea,"screwball"typeshaveexaggeratedpartsandfeatures(detailedinformationoncharactertypesbeginsonpage32).
Cartoonstudiosoftenuseheadsizetomeasuretheheightofacharacter-forinstance,acutebearmaybethreeheadshigh,andapugnaciousbearmightbefiveorsixheadshigh.Thisinformationhelpstheanimatortokeeptheproportionsandheightofacharacterconsitent.Studythecharactersonthispage,andmeasureeachonein"heads."
Whenanimating,you´llalsofindithelpfultomakeareferencedrawingofthecharacteronaseparatepieceofpaper.Thisway,theanimatorcanrefertotheproportionguidelineswhendrawingthecharacterindifferentposesandactions.
Theproperuseofcartoonproportionsmakesacharacter,soanalyzetheproportionsofyouranimatedactorbeforeheorshegoesonstage-uponthescreen.
Stance(solidmasses)-drawa"lineofaction"throughthethree-dimensionalpartstoorganizeandsettheattitudeoraction.Constructyourdrawingasifyouwerefittingtogetherthepartsofapuppetatthejointsaccordingtoacharacterformula.Thusyourcharacterbecomesbelievable,andheacts,theaudienceemotionallyresponds.
Bodybuiltfromcircularandroundedforms
Theanimatedcartooncharacterisbasedonthecircular,roundedform.Inacartoonstudioseveralpeoplemayworkonthesamedrawingandtheroundedformisusedbecauseofitssimplicity-itmakesanimationeasier.Also,circularforms"followthrough"betteronthescreen.
Morecircularandroundedforms
Thepartsofthecharacterfittogetheratsocketpoints.Theseexamplesdemonstratetheeffectivenessofcombiningcircularandroundedforms.Therounded,pear-shapedbodiessupportthecircularheadsandaddinteresttotheoverallcharacter.
Theskeletonfoundation
Buildthecartoonfromaroughskeleton,butdon´texpecttoalwaysgettheskeletonrightonthefirsttry-nobodycandothat!
Experiment…Discard...makeseveraldrawings,thenpickthebestone.Besuretoworklooselywhenconstructingthecharacter.
Workoutaskeleton,constructbodymassesaroundit,andthenbuilddetailoverthemasses.
Constructionofthehead
Thinkoftheheadasaroundedmass:
itiseitherball-shaped,pear-shapedoregg-shaped.Inanimationtheheadshapemaychangeperspectiveandformmanytimesduringascene.Tosimplifymatters,aframeworkinproperperspectivemustbedrawnfirst,thenthedetailsareconstructedoverthisform.
1/thischaracterstartswithaballshape.2/drawanellipticalguidelinearoundthefirstshapethatwilldividethefaceinthemiddlelengthwise.Thisdeterminesthetiltofthehead.3/drawtheeyeguidelineatrightanglestothesecondcircle.Thissetsthefaceupordown.4/thebaseoftheeyesandthetopofthenosetieintotheeyeline.Theperspectivemakesthelefteyebiggerthantherighteye.5/nowthedetailsaredrawnovertheframework.
Startwithaneggshapedrawguidelinesaroundit,andthendrawtheface.Turntheegginvariouspositionsanddrawthesameface.Animationpresentsthesamechallenge!
Addafewdetailsanddrawtheseheadsineverypositionusingtheeggasaguide.Cartoonstudiosoftenmakesmallclaymodelstohelptheanimatordrawdifficultcharactersfromdifferentangles.
Eggheadmodelmethod
Theeggisthebasisofagreatmanycartoonheads.Drawanegglikethisandstudyitfromallangles.Adddetailsanddesignsomeoriginalheadsofyourown.Watchtheperspectivechangeasyoutiportilttheeggmodel.Followingthecenterandmiddleguide-lineswillhelpyouconstructheads.
Moreheadconstruction
Allanimatedcartooncharacterscanbereducedtoabasicformula.Thisformulamakesthemeasiertomasterandensuresuniformitythroughoutafilm,evenifseveraldifferentartistsworkonthesamecharacter.
/drawanovalwithperspectiveguidelines./addnoseconstruction,makesureitfitssolidly./nowdrawovalsfortheeyes./beawareoftheperspectivewhenconstructingtheremainingdetails.
Studythisbasicformula,thendrawthedogindifferentpositions.
Assembletheseheadsasthoughtheyweresolidandhingedtogether.
Facialexpressions
Thejobofananimatoristhesameasthejobofanactorinliveactionpictures.Bothshouldbemastersofportrayingemotions.Studyingyourowngrimacesinamirrorisamust.Pickacharacteryouknowandgothroughtheexpressionswithhim,asIhaveherewiththislittlepup.
Stretchandsquashonheads
Acartoonheadcanbestretchedorsquashedtostrengthenanexpression.
Noticethattheovalcontainingtheeyesdoesnotchangemuch,butthemouthareavariesgreatly.Smalldetailsreactalongwiththelargerforminwhichtheyarecontained.
Thewidevarietyofexpressionsshownhereistheresultofstretchingandsquashingselectedareasoftheface.Noticethattheeyesreflecttheexpressionofeachstretchandsquash.
Hands
Cartoonhandsaretrickytodraw,studythehandsshownbelow.Thefingersshouldbeplacedunevenlytopreventamonotonousquality.
Todrawthehand,beginasifitwereamitten(a&b),thenaddthetwomiddlefingersbyfollowingthisshape(c).
Nowputinthelittlefinger,varyingitspositiontopreventmonotony(d).Itisalsoagoodideatoexaggeratethebaseofthethumb.
Morehands
Drawyourownhands(simplified)fromamirror.Thiswaytheyappearastheydoinadrawing.
Thecutecharacter
Thecutekitten
1.Developthekitten´sbodywithacircleandanoval.2.Addperspectiveguidelines.3.Placetheeyesandthenose.4.Buildtheearsandthelegs.5.Addthedetailstocompletethekitten.
Noticethelargepawsthataddtothecutelook.
Themorecomplexthepose.Themorestepsittakestodevelop.
Cutepup
Beginwithabasicconstructionofcirclesandovals.Thendrawperspectiveguidelinestoplacethefeatures.
Noticethatthetongueaccentuatesthehappyexpressionofthemouth,andthecheeksoverlaptheeyes,accentingtheexpression.asidewaysglancelikethisisa"cute"expression.
Goosegander
Thesearetheprogressivestepsthataretakenbyananimatortoconstructanddrawacartooncharacter.
1.Drawa"lineofaction"toestablishthegeneralstanceofthefigure.
2.Addroundedmassesfortheheadandthebody.
3.Drawperspectivelinesaroundthesemassestoestablishthefront,side,andtiltofthebodyandhead.
4.Constructthearms,legs,andeyeson(or"anchoredto")theirproperplacesontheperspectivelines.
5.Fitor"hinge"thedetailsintotheirpositions.
6.Cleanupthecharacteraroundtheconstructionlines.
Rowdyrabbit
Drawrowdyrabbitfromeveryangle.Useperspectiveguidelinestoassemblethesolidparts.
Whenconstructingananimatedcharacter,visualizeitasathree-dimensionalpuppetthatyouarejoiningtogetherwithsolidmasses.
Build"puppetparts"whenconstructingacharacterforanimation.
Eachparthasadefiniteplaceaccordingtotheformula.Thepartsjoinaccordingtoaformulaplan.
1.Drawalineofaction,andthenbuildtheovalbodyandtheroundheadoverit.
2.Addperspectiveguidelinesandplacetheeyes.
3.Settheshoulder,arm,hand,andearsockets.Drawthenose.
4.Nowbuildthefeatures-ears,cheeks,mouth,etc.fitonthecoatandthegun.
5.Useananimationboardtomakea"cleanup"drawingbyplacingacleanpieceofpaperoverstep4andtracing.
Littlewolf-hunterpig
1.Drawalineofaction,andthenbuildtheovalbodyandtheroundheadoverit.
2.Addperspectiveguideli
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