秦兵马俑英文导游词word范文模板 9页.docx
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秦兵马俑英文导游词word范文模板 9页.docx
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秦兵马俑英文导游词word范文模板9页
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秦兵马俑英文导游词
秦兵马俑英文导游词【1】
EmperorQinShihuang’sMausoleumandtheTerra-cottaWarriorsandHorsesMuseum
EmperorQinShihuang(259-210B.C.)hadYingashissurnameandZhengashisgivenname.
HenametothethroneoftheQinatage13,andtookthehelmofthestateatageof22.
By221B.C.,hehadannexedthesixrivalprincipalitiesofQi,Chu,Yan,Han,ZhaoandWei,andestablishedthefirstfeudalempireinChina’shistory.
Intheyear221B.C.,whenheunifiedthewholecountry,YingZhengstyledhimselfemperor.
HenamedhimselfShihuangDi,thefirstemperorinthehopethathislatergenerationsbethesecond,thethirdeventheonehundredthandthousandthemperorsinproperordertocarryonthehereditarysystem.
Sincethen,thesupremefeudalrulersofChina’sdynastieshadcontinuedtocallthemselvesHuangDi,theemperor.
Afterhehadannexedtheothersixstates,EmperorQinShihuangabolishedtheenfeoffmentsystemandadoptedtheprefectureandcountysystem.
Hestandardizedlegalcodes,writtenlanguage,track,currencies,weightsandmeasures.
ToprotectagainstharassmentbytheHunaristocrats.
EmperorQinShihuangorderedtheGreatWallbebuilt.
Allthesemeasuresplayedanactiveroleineliminatingthecauseofthestateofseparationanddivisionandstrengtheningtheunificationofthewholecountryaswellaspromotionthedevelopmentofeconomyandculture.
TheyhadagreatanddeepinfluenceuponChina’s2,000yearoldfeudalsociety.
EmperorQinShihuangorderedthebooksofvariousschoolsburnedexceptthoseoftheQindynasty’shistoryandculture,divinationandmedicinesinanattempttopushhisfeudalautocracyintheideologicalfield.
Asaresult,China’sancientclassicshadbeendevastatedanddestroy.
Moreover,heonceordered460scholarsbeburiedalive.
Thoseeventswerelatercalledinhistory“theburningofbooksandtheburyingofConfucianscholars.”
EmperorQinShihuang,forhisownpleasure,conscribedseveralhundredthousandconvictsandwentinforlarge-scaleconstructionandhadoversevenhundredpalacesbuiltintheGuanzhongPlain.
Thesepalacesstretchedseveralhundredliandhesoughtpleasurefromonepalacetotheother.
Oftennobodyknewwhereherangingtreasuresinsidethetomb,wereenclosedalive.
EmperorQinShihuang’sMausoleumhasnotyetbeenexcavated.
Whatlookslikeinsidecouldnolybeknownwhenitisopened.
However,thethreepitsoftheterra-cottawarriotexcavatedoutsidetheeastgateoftheouterenclosureofthenecropoliscanmakeoneimaginehowmagnificentandluxuriousthestructureofEmperorQinShihuang’sMausoleumwas.No.1PitwasstumbleduponinMarch1974whenvillagersofXiyangVillageofYanzhaitownship,LintongCounty,sankawell1.
5kmeastofthemausoleum.
In1976,No.2and3Pitswerefound20mnorthofNo.1Pitrespectivelyafterthedrillingsurvey.
Theterra-cottawarriorsandhorsesarearrayedaccordingtotheQindynastybattleformation,symbolizingthetroopskeepingvigilbesidethemausoleum.
Thisdiscoveryarousedmuchinterestbothathomeandabroad.
In1975,amuseum,housingthesiteofNo.
1andcoveringanareaof16,300squaremeterswasbuiltwiththepermissionoftheStateCouncil.
ThemuseumwasformallyopenedtopubliconOct.
1,theNationalDay,1979.No.1Pitis230meterslongfromeasttowest,62mwidefromnorthtosouthand5mdeep,coveringatotalareaof14,260squaremeters.
Itisanearth-and-woodstructureintheshapeofatunnel.
Therearefiveslopingentrancesontheeasternandwesternsidesofthepitrespectively.
Thepitisdividedintoelevencorridorsbytenearthenpartitionwalls,andthefloorsarepavedwithbricks.
Thickrafterswereplacedontothewalls(butnowonecanonlyseetheirremains),whichwerecoveredwithmatsandthenfinesoilandearth.
ThebattleformationoftheQindynasty,facingeast.
Intheeastendarearrayedthreelinesofterra-cottawarriors,70piecesineach,totaling210pieces.
Theyaresupposedtobethevanoftheformation.
Immediatelybehindthemare38columnsofinfantrymenalternatingwithwarchariotsinthecorridors,eachbeing180mlong.
Theyareprobablythemainbodyoftheformation.
Thereisonelineofwarriorsintheleft,rightandwestendsrespectively,facingoutwards.
Theyareprobablytheflanksandtherear.
Therearealtogether27trialtrench,itisassumedthatmorethan6,000claywarriorsandhorsescouldbeunearthedfromNo.1Pit.No.2PitsisabouthalfthesizeofNo.1Pit,coveringabout6,000squaremetersTraildiggingsshowthisisacompositeformationofinfantry,cavalryandchariotsoldiers,fromwhichroughlyover1,000claywarriors,and500chariotsandsaddledhorsescouldbeunearthed.
The2,000-year-oldwoodenchariotsarealreadyrotten.
Buttheirshafts,crossyokes,andwheels,etc.
leftclearimpressionsontheearthbed.
Thecopperpartsofthechariotsstillremain.
Eachchariotispulledbyfourhorseswhichareoneandhalfmetershighandtwometreslong.
Accordingtotextualresearch,theseclayhorsesweresculpturesafterthebreedintheareaofHexiCorridor.
Thehorsesforthecavalrymenwerealreadysaddled,butwithnostirups.No.3Pitcoversanareaof520m2withonlyfourhorses,onechariotand68warriors,supposedtobethecommandpostofthebattleformation.
Now,No.2and3Pitshavebeenrefilled,butvisitorscanseesomeclayfiguresandweaponsdisplayedintheexhibitionhallsinthemuseumthathadbeenunearthedfromthesetwopits.
ThefloorsofbothNo.1and2Pitswerecoveredwithalayerofsiltof15to20cmthick.
Inthesepits,onecanseetracesofburntbeamseverywhere,somerelicswhichweremostlybroken.
AnalysisshowsthatthepitswereburneddownbyXiangYu,leaderofapeasantarmy.
Alloftheclaywarriorsinthethreepitsheldrealweaponsintheirhandsandfaceeast,showingEmperorQinShihuang’sstrongdeterminationofwipingoutthesixstatesandunifyingthewholecountry.
Theheightoftheterra-cottawarriorsvariesfrom1.78m,theshortest,to1.97m,thetallest.
Theylookhealthyandstrongandhavedifferentfacialexpressions.
ProbablytheyweresculptedbycraftsmenaccordingtorealsoldiersoftheQindynasy.
Theyorganicallycombinedtheskillsofroundengraving,bas-reliefandlinearengraving,andutilizedthesixtraditionalfolkcraftsofsculpturing,suchashand-moulding,sticking,cutting,paintingandsoon.
Theclaymodelswerethenputinkilns,bakedandcolour-painted.
Astheterra-cottafigureshavebeebburntandhavegonethroughthenaturalprocessofdecay,wecan’tseetheiroriginalgorgeouscolours.
However,mostoftheterra-cottafiguresbearthetraceoftheoriginalcolours,andfewofthemarestillasbrightasnew.
Theyarefoundtobepaintedbymineraldyestuffsofvermilion,brightred,pinkdarkgreen,powdergreen,purple,blue,orange,blackandwhitecolours.
Thousandsofrealweaponswereunearthedfromtheseterra-cottaarmypits,includingbroadknives,swords,spears,dagger-axes,halberds,bows,crossbowsandarrowheads.
Theseweaponswereexquisitelymade.
Someofthemearestillverysharp,analysesshowthattheyaremadeofalloysofcopperandtin,containingmorethantenkindsofothermetals.
Sincetheirsurfacesweretreatedwithchromium,theyareasbrightasnew,thoughburiedundergroundformorethan2,000years.
ThisindicatesthatQindynasty’smetallurgicaltechnologyandweapon-manufacturingtechniquealreadyreachedquiteahighlevel.
InDecember1980,twoteamsoflargepaintedbronzechariotsandhorseswereunearthed20metreswestofthemoundofEmperorQinShihuang’sMausoleum.
Thesesingleshaftfour-horsechariotseachcomprises3,462spareparts,andhasabodywithtwocompartments,onebehindtheother,andanellipticalumbrellalikecanopy.
Thefourhorsesharnessedtothechariotare65-67centimeterstall.
Therestoredbronzechariotsandhorsesareexactimitationsoftruechariot,horseanddriverinhalflife-size.
Thechariotsandhorsesaredecoratedwithcoloureddrawingsagainstwhitebackground.
Theyhavebeenfittedwithmorethan1,500pieceseofgoldandsilversanddecorations,lookingluxurious,splendidandgraceful.
ProbablytheyweremeantfortheuseofEmperorQinShihuang’ssoultogooninspection.
Thebronzechariotsandhorsesweremadebylostwaxcasting,whichshowsahighleveloftechnology.
Forinstance,thetortoise-shell-likecanopyisabout4mmthick,andthewindowisonly1mmthickonwhicharemanysmallholesforventilation.
Accordingtoapreliminarystudy,thetechnologyofmanufacturingthebronzechariotsandhorseshasinvolvedcasting,welding,reveting,inlayingembeddingandchiseling.
Theexcavationofthebronzechariotsandhorsesprovidesextremelyvaluablematerialanddataforthetextualresearchofthemetallurgicaltechnique,themechanismofthechariotandtechnologicalmodelingoftheQindynasty.No.2bronzechariotandhorsesnowondisplaywerefoundbrokeninto1,555pieceswhenexcavated.
Aftertwo-and-halfyears’carefulandpainstakingrestorationbyarchaeologistsandvariousspecialists,theywereformallyexhibitedinthemuseumonOctober1,1983.No.1bronzechariothandhorsesareondisplayfrom1988.
秦兵马俑导游词【2】
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