英语四级真题及答案L.docx
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英语四级真题及答案L.docx
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英语四级真题及答案L
2011年12月英语四级真题及答案
PartⅠWriting(30minutes)
注意:
此部分试题在答题卡1上.
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledNothingSucceedsWithoutaStrongWillbycommentingonthehumoroussaying,"Quittingsmokingistheeasiestthingintheworld.I'vedoneithundredsoftimes."Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.
PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)
WhyIntegrityMatters
WhatisIntegrity?
Thekeytointegrityisconsistency--notonlysettinghighpersonalstandardsforoneself(honesty,responsibility,respectforothers,fairness)butalsolivinguptothosestandardseachday.Onewhohasintegrityisboundbyandfollowsmoralandethicalstandardsevenwhenmakinglife'shardchoices,choiceswhichmaybecloudedbystress,pressuretosucceed,ortemptation.
Whathappensifwelie,cheat,steal,orviolateotherethicalstandards?
Wefeeldisappointedinourselvesandashamed.Butalapseofintegrityalsoaffectsourrelationshipswithothers.Trustisessentialinanyimportantrelationship,whetherpersonalorprofessional.Whocantrustsomeonewhoisdishonestorunfair?
Thus,integritymustbeoneofourmostimportantgoals.
RiskyBusiness
Weareeachresponsibleforourowndecisions,evenifthedecision-makingprocesshasbeenunderminedbystressorpeerpressure.Therealtestofcharacteriswhetherwecanlearnfromourmistake,byunderstandingwhyweactedaswedid,andthenexploringwaystoavoidsimilarproblemsinthefuture.
Makingethicaldecisionsisacriticalpartofavoidingfutureproblems.Wemustlearntorecognizerisks,becauseifwecan'tseetheriskswe'retaking,wecan'tmakeresponsiblechoices.Toidentifyrisks,weneedtoknowtherulesandbeawareofthefacts.Forexample,onewhodoesn'tknowtherulesaboutplagiarismmayaccidentallyusewordsorideaswithoutgivingpropercredit,oronewhofailstokeepcarefulresearchnotesmayunintentionallyfailtoquoteandcitesourcesasrequired.Butthefactthatsuchaviolationis"unintentional"doesnotexcusethemisconduct.Ignoranceisnotadefense.
"ButEverybodyDoesIt"
Mostpeoplewhogetintroubledoknowtherulesandfacts,butmanagetofoolthemselvesabouttherisksthey'retakingbyusingexcuses:
"Everyoneelsedoesit,""I'mnothurtinganyone,"or"Ireallyneedthisgrade."Excusescangetveryelaborate:
"IknowI'mlookingatanother'sexam,eventhoughI'msupposedtokeepmyeyesonmyownpaper,butthat'snotcheatingbecauseI'mjustcheckingmyanswers,notcopying."Wemustbehonestaboutouractions,andavoidexcuses.Ifwefoolourselvesintobelievingwe'renotdoinganythingwrong,wecan'tseetherealchoicewe'remaking--andthatleadstobaddecisions.
Toavoidfoolingyourself,watchoutforexcusesandtrythistest:
Askhowyouwouldfeelifyouractionswerepublic,andanyonecouldbewatchingoveryourshoulder.Wouldyoufeelproudorashamedofyouractions?
Ifyou'dratherhideyouractions,that'sagoodindicationthatyou'retakingariskandrationalizingittoyourself.
EvaluatingRisks
Todecidewhetherariskisworthtaking,youmustexaminetheconsequences,inthefutureaswellasrightnow,negativeaswellaspositive,andtoothersaswellastoyourself.Thosewhotakeriskstheylaterregretusuallyfocusonimmediatebenefits("what'sinitforme"),andsimplyhaven'tconsideredwhatmightgowrong.Theconsequencesofgettingcaughtareserious,andmayincludea"0"onatestorassignment;an"F"intheclass;suspensionordismissalfromschool;transcriptnotation;andatarnishedreputation.Infact,whenyoubreakaruleorlaw,youlosecontroloveryourlife,andgiveothersthepowertoimposepunishment:
youhavenocontroloverwhatthatpunishmentmightbe.Thisisanextremelyprecariousandvulnerableposition.Theremaybesomemattersoflifeanddeath,orhighestprinciple,whichmightjustifysucharisk,buttherearen'tmanythingsthatfallinthiscategory.
GettingAwayWithIt--OrNot
Thosewhodon'tgetcaughtpayanevenhigherprice.Acheaterdoesn'tlearnfromthetest,deprivinghim/herselfofaneducation.Cheatingunderminesconfidenceandindependence:
thecheaterisafraud,andknowsthatwithoutdishonesty,he/shewouldhavefailed.Cheatingdestroysself-esteemandintegrity,leavingthecheaterashamed,guilty,andafraidofgettingcaught.Worstofall,acheaterwhodoesn'tgetcaughtthefirsttimeusuallycheatsagain,notonlybecausehe/sheisfartherbehind,butalsobecauseitseems"easier."Thisslipperyslopeoferodingethicsandbiggerrisksleadsonlytodisaster.Eventually,thecheatergetscaught,andthelaterhe/shegetscaught,theworsetheconsequences.Studentshavebeendismissedfromschoolbecausetheydidn'tgetthissimplemessage:
HonestyistheONLYpolicythatworks.
CheatingHurtsOthers,Too
Cheatersoftenfeelinvisible,asiftheiractions"don'tcount"anddon'treallyhurtanyone.Butindividualchoiceshaveaprofoundcumulativeeffect.Cheatingcanspreadlikeadisease,andacheatercanencourageothersjustbybeingseenfromacrosstheroom.Recentstatisticssuggest30%ormoreofcollegestudentscheat.Ifaclassisgradedonacurve,cheatinghurtsothers'grades.Evenifthereisnocurve,cheating"poisons"theclassroom,andothersmayfeelpressuredtojoinin.("IfIdon'tcheat,Ican'tcompetewiththosewhodo.")Cheatingalsohasadestructiveimpactonteachers.Therealrewardofgoodteachingisseeingstudentslearn,but⑧.acheatersays,"I'mnotinterestedinwhatyou'retryingtoteach;allIcareaboutisstealingagrade,regardlessoftheeffectonothers."Theendresultisablatantanddestructiveattackonthequalityofyoureducation.Finally,cheatingcanhurtthereputationoftheUniversity,andharmthosewhoworkedhardfortheirdegree.
WhyIntegrityMatters
Ifcheatingbecomesthenorm,thenweareinbigtrouble.⑨.Wemustrelyonthehonestyandgoodfaithofotherseveryday.Ifnot,wecouldn'tputmoneyinthebank,buyfood,clothing,ormedicinefromothers,driveacrossabridge,getonaplane,gotothedentist--thelistisendless.Therearemanyexamplesofthevastharmthatiscausedwhenindividualsforgetorignoretheeffecttheirdishonestycanhave.Thesavingsandloanscandal,thestockmarketandjunkbondswindles,and,ofcourse,⑩.Watergate,haveunderminedthefaithofmanyAmericansintheintegrityofpoliticalandeconomicleadersandsocietyasawhole.Suchincidentstakeatremendoustollonournation'seconomyandourindividualwell-being.Forexample,butforthesavingsandloandebacle,theremightbefundsavailabletoreducethenationaldebtandpayforeducation.
Insum,weallhaveacommonstakeinourschool,ourcommunity,andoursociety.Ouractionsdomatter.Itisessentialthatweactwithintegrityinordertobuildthekindofworldinwhichwewanttolive.
1.Apersonofintegritynotonlysetshighmoralandethicalstandardsbutalso_______。
A)stickstothemintheirdailylife B)makesthemknowntoothers
C)understandstheirtruevalues D)seesthatothersalsofollowthem
2.Whatroledoesintegrityplayinpersonalandprofessionalrelationships?
A)Ithelpstocreateteamspirit B)Itfacilitatescommunication
C)Itisthebasisofmutualtrust D)Itinspiresmutualrespect
3.Whymustwelearntoidentifytheriskswearegoingtotake?
A.Toensurewemakeresponsiblechoices B.Toavoidbeingoverwhelmedbystress
C.sothatwedon’tbreakanyrules D.sothatwedon’trunintotrouble
4.Violationofaruleismisconductevenif_______
A.ithascausednoharm B.itisclaimedtobeunintentional
C.ithasgoneunnoticed D.itiscommittedwithgoodintentions
5.Whatshouldonedoifhedoesn’twishtofoolhimself?
A.Avoidmakingexcuses B.Listentootherpeople’sadvice
C.Makehisintensionspublic D.Haveotherswatchoverhisshoulder
6.Thosewhotakeriskstheyregretlateron_______。
A.willoftenbecomemorecautious B.areusuallyveryaggressive
C.valueimmediatebenefitsmost D.mayloseeverythingintheend
7.Accordingtotheauthor,acheaterwhodoesn’tgetcaughtrightawaywill_______
A.paymoredearly B.becomemoreconfident
C.bewidelyadmiredD.feelsomewhatlucky
8.Cheatersatexamdon’tcareabouttheireducation,alltheycareaboutishowto_______
9.Integritymattersinthatallsocialactivitiesrelyonpeople’s_________________________
10.ManyAmericanslostfaithintheintegrityoftheirpoliticalleadersasaresultof_______
PartIIIListeningComprehension
SectionA
11.A.ReadthenoticeonthewindowB.Getanewbusschedule
C.GoandaskthestaffD.BoardthebustoCleveland
12.A.Hewaslookingforwardtoseeingthegiraffes.
B.Heenjoyedwatchingtheanimalperformance.
C.HegothometoolatetoseetheTVspecial
D.HefellasleepinthemiddleoftheTVprogram.
13.A.Shewantstotakethemostdirectway.
B.Shemaybelateforthefootballgame.
C.Sheisworriedaboutmissingherflight.
D.Sheiscurrentlycaughtinatrafficjam.
14.A.AtarestaurantB.InafishshopC.AtaclinicD.Onafishingboat
15.A.Heisanexperiencedsalesmanager.
B.Heisbeinginterviewedforajob.
C.Heisaclosefriendofthewoman.
D.Heisgoodatansweringtrickyquestions.
16.A.Themanshouldconsiderhisprivacyfirst.
B.Themanwillchoosealow-rentapartment.
C.Themanisnotcertainifhecanfindaquieterplace
D.Themanisunlikelytomoveoutofthedormitory.
17.A.Thewomanisgoingtomakehertopicmorefocused.
B.Th
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