职称英语考试理工类A级考试真题及答案解析.docx
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职称英语考试理工类A级考试真题及答案解析.docx
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职称英语考试理工类A级考试真题及答案解析
职称英语考试理工类(A级)考试真题及答案解析
第1部分:
词汇选项(第1~15题,每题1分,共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.Ican'tputupwithmyneighbor'snoiseanylonger,it'Sdrivingmemad.
A.tolerate
B.generate
C.reduce
D.mensure
2.Regularvisitsfromasocialworkercanbeofimmensevaluetooldpeoplelivingalone.
A.equal
B.immediate
C.moderate
D.great
3.Hewasrathervagueaboutthereasonswhyheneverfinishedschool.
A.bright
B.unclear
C.general
D.bad
4.Iwanttoprovidemyboyswithadecenteducation.
A.special
B.private
C.general
D.good
5.Sleepstairscanpresentaparticularhazardtoolderpeople.
A.picture
B.danger
C.evidence
D.case
6.Ourarrangementswerethrownintocompleteturmoil.
A.doubt
B.relief
C.failure
D.confusion
7.Patriciastaredattheothergirlswithresentment.
A.love
B.surprise
C.anger
D.doubt
8.Yourdogneedsatleast20minutesofvigorousexerciseeveryday.
A.energetic
B.free
C.physical
D.regular
9.Ienjoyedtheplay-ithadacleverplotandveryfunnydialogues.
A.boring
B.original
C.humorous
D.long
10.Lowertaxeswouldspurinvestmentandhelpeconomicgrowth.
A.attract
B.spend
C.encourage
D.require
11.Hedemolishedmyargumentinminutes.
A.supported
B.disproved
C.disputed
D.accepted
12.Thetwobankshaveannouncedplanstomergenextyear.
A.close
B.sell
C.break
D.combine
13.Herfatherwasaquietmanwithgracefulmanners.
A.polite
B.usual
C.bad
D.similar
14.Theprojectrequiredtenyearsofdiligentresearch.
A.hardworking
B.social
C.basic
D.scientific
15.Hewaskeptinappallingconditionsinprison.
A.necessary
B.terrible
C.critical
D.normal
第2部分:
阅读判断(第16~22题,每题1分,共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:
如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C。
CaliforniaGivesGreenLighttoSpaceSolarPower
Energybeameddownfromspaceisonestepclosertoreality,nowthatCaliforniahasgiventhegreenlighttoanagreementthatwouldseethePacificGasandElectricCompanybuy200megawatt(兆瓦)ofpowerbeameddownfromsolar-powersatellitesbeginningin2016.Butsomemajorchallengeswillhavetobeovercomedifthetechnologyistobeusedwidely.
Astart-upcompanycalledSolarenisdesigningthesatellites,whichitsayswilluseradiowavestobeamenergydowntoareceivingstationonEarth.
Theattractionofcollectingsolarpowerinspaceisthealmostuninterruptedsunshineavailableineosynchronous(与地球同步的)orbit.Earth-basedsolarcells,bycontrast,canonlycollectsun.
Lightduringdaytimeandwhenskiesareclear.
Butspace-basedsolarpowermustgrapple(努力克服)withthehighcostperkilogramoflaunchingthingsintospace,saysRichardSchwartzofPurdueUniversityinWestLafayette,Indiana,"Ifyou'retalkingaboutitbeingeconomicallyviableorpoweroftheEarth,it'satoughgo."hesays.
CalBoerman,Solaren'sdirectorofenergyservices,saysthecompanydesigneditssatelliteswithaviewtokeepinglaunchcostsdown."Weknewwehadtocomeupwithadifferent,revolu-tionarydesign,"hesays.Apatentthecompanyhaswondescribeswaystoreducethesystem'Sweight,includingusinginflatableminorstofocussunlightonsolarcells,soasmallernumbercancollectthesameamountofenergy.
ButusingminorsintroducesotherchaHenges,includingkeepingthesolarcellsfromoverhea-ting,saysSchwartz."Youhavetotakecareofheatdissipation(散发)becauseyou'renowconcen-tratingalotofenergyinoneplace,"hesays.Accordingtothecompany'spatent,Solaren'ssolarcellswillbeconnectedtoradiatorstohelpkeepthemcool.
ThoughBoermansaysthecompanybelievesitcanmakespace-basedsolarpowerwork,itisnotexpectingtocrowdoutotherformsofrenewableenergy.LawsinCaliforniaandotherstatesrequireincreasinguseofrenewableenergyincomingyears,hepointsout."Tomeetthoseneeds,we'rego-ingtoneedalltypesofrenewableenergysources,"hesays.
16.Solar-powersatelliteswilluseradiowavestobeamenergydownfromspace.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
17.Solarenisgoingtodesign200solar-powersatellites.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
18.Space-basedsolarcellscouldcollectsolarpoweronlywhenskiesareclear.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
19.Oneadvantageofspace-basedsolarpowersystemisthatitiseconomical.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
20.Inflatableminorsareusedtoreducethespace-basedsolarpowersystem.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
21.Space-basedsolarpowerwillruleoutotherformsofrenewableenergysources.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
22.Manycountrieswillgrantpermissionfortheuseofspaced-basedsolarpowersoon.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
第3部分:
概括大意与完成句子(第23~30题,每题1分,共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务:
(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最佳标题;
(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
NaturalGas
1Naturalgasisproducedfromreservoirsdeepbeneaththeearth'ssurface.Itisafossilfuel
(矿物质燃料),meaningthatitisderivedfromorganicmaterialburiedintheearthmillionsofyearsago.Themaincomponentofnaturalgasismethane(甲烷).
2Thepopularityanduseofcleannaturalgashasincreaseddramaticallyoverthepast50yearsaspipelineinfrastructure(基础设施)hasbeeninstalledtodeliveritconvenientlyandeconomicallytomillionsofresidential,commercialandindustrialcustomersworldwide.Today,naturalgasserviceisavailableinall50statesintheU.S.,andistheleadingenergychoiceforfuelingAmericanhomesandidustries。
Morethan65millionAmericanhomesusenaturalgas.Infact,naturalgasisthemosteconomicalsourceforhomeenergyneeds,costingone-thirdasmuchaselectricity.Inaddi-tiontoheatinghomes,muchofthegasusedintheUnitedStatesisusedasarawmaterialtomanu-factureawidevarietyofproducts,frompaint,tofibersforclothing,toplasticsforheahhcare,con-putingandfurnishings.Naturalgasisalsousedinasignificantnumberofnewelectricity-generatingpowerplants.
3Naturalgasisoneofthesafestandcleanestfuelsavailable.Itemitslesspollutionthanoth-erfossilfuelsources.Whennaturalgasisburned,itproducesmostlycarbondioxide(二氧化碳)andwatervapor-thesamesubstancesemittedwhenhumansexhale.Comparedwithsomeotherfos-silfuels,naturalgasemitstheleastamountofcarbondioxideintotheairwhencombusted(燃烧),makingnaturalgasthecleanestburningfossilfuelofa11.
4TheUnitedStatesconsumesaboutone-thirdoftheworld'Snaturalgasoutput,makingitthelargestgas-consumingregionintheworld.TheU.S.DepartmentofEnergy'SEnergyInformationAd-ministrationforecaststhatnaturalgasdemandwillgrowbymorethan50percentby2025.
5Therearehugereservesofnaturalgasbeneaththeearth'ssurface.ThelargestreservesofnaturalgascanbefoundinRussia,WestandNorthAfricaandtheMiddleEast.LNG(液化天然气)hasbeenproduceddomesticallyandimportedintheUnitedStatesformorethanfourdecades.
Today,theleadingimportesofLNGareJapan,Korea,FranceandSpain.
23.Paragraph2_________.
24.Paragraph3________.
25.Paragraph4_________.
26.Paragraph5________.
A.Popularityanduseofnaturalgas
B.Naturalgasreservesandsupply
C.Naturalgasprices
D.Cleanfuelofchoice
E.Disadvantagesofnaturalgas
F.Naturalgasconsumption
27.Naturalgasisstoreddeep________.
28.Naturalgasisrecognizedasthemosteconomicalenergysource_________.
29.Whenmanufacturingmanyproducts,peoplecommonlyusenaturalgas____________.
30.Itisestimatedthatby2025thatnaturalgasdemandintheUnitedStateswillincrease_________.
A.overthepast50years
B.beneaththeearthsurface
C.bymorethan50percent
D.formorethanfourdecades
E.asarawmaterial
F.forhomeenergyneeds
第4部分:
阅读理解(第3l~45题,每题3分,共45分)
下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题。
请根据短文内容,为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇
HowtheFirstStarsintheUniverseCameintoExistence
Howthefirststarsformedfromthisdustandgashasbeenaburningquestionforyears,butastate-of-the-artcomputersimulationnowoffersthemostdetailedpictureyetofhowthesefirststarsintheuniversecameintoexistence,researcherssay.
Thecompositionoftheearlyuniversewasquitedifferentfromthatoftoday,andthephysicsthatgovernedtheearlyuniversewerealsosomewhatsimpler.Dr.NaokiYoshidaandcolleaguesinJapanandtheU.S.incorporatedtheseconditionsoftheearlyuniverse,sometimesreferredtoasthe"cosmicdarkages,"tosimulatetheformationofanastronomicalobjectthatwouldeventuallyshineitslightintothisdarkness.
Theresultisadetaileddescriptionoftheformationofaprotostar-theearlystageofamassiveprimordialstarofouruniverse,andtheresearchers'computersimulation,whichhasbeencalleda"cosmicRosettaStone."setsthebarforfurtherinvestigationintothestarformationprocess.Thequestionofhowthefirststarsevolvedissoimportantbecausetheirformationsandeventualexplo-sionsprovidedtheseedsforsubsequentstarstocomeintobeing.
Accordingtotheirsimulation,gravityactedonminutedensityvariationsinmatter,gases,andthemysterious"darkmatter''oftheuniverseaftertheBigBanginordertoformthisearlystageofastar-aprotostarwithamassofjustonepercentofoursun.Thesimulationrevealshowpre-stellargaseswouldhaveactuallyevolvedunderthesimplerphysicsoftheearlyuniversetoformthisprotostar.
Dr.Yoshida'ssimulationalsoshowsth
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