文明冲突和文化差异对贸易的影响外文文献翻译.docx
- 文档编号:99364
- 上传时间:2022-10-03
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:20
- 大小:18.95KB
文明冲突和文化差异对贸易的影响外文文献翻译.docx
《文明冲突和文化差异对贸易的影响外文文献翻译.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《文明冲突和文化差异对贸易的影响外文文献翻译.docx(20页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
外文文献翻译
原文及译文
标题:
Clashofcivilizationsandtheimpactofculturaldifferencesontrade
作者:
GunesGokmen
期干1J:
JournalofDevelopmentEconomics,第127卷,449-458
年份:
2017
原文
Clashofcivilizationsandtheimpactofculturaldifferencesontrade
GunesGokmen
Abstract
ThispaperstudiestheClashofCivilizationshypothesisfromaneconomicperspective.Usingdataonbilateraltradeandmeasuresofculture,weevaluatehowtheimpactofculturaldifferencesontradeevolvesovertimeduringandaftertheColdWar.Evidencesuggeststhatthenegativeinfluenceofculturaldifferencesontradeismoreprominentinthepost-ColdWarerathanduringtheColdWar.Forinstance,ethnicdifferencesreducetradeby24%duringtheColdWar,whereasthisreductionis52%inthepost-ColdWarperiod.Wealsosuggestachannelforthedifferentialimpactofculturaldifferencesovertime.Bystudyingtheevolutionoftheeffectsofculturaldifferenceandcold-warblocsontrade,weprovideevidenceconsistentwiththehypothesisthatcold-warblocshavetrumpedculturaldifferencesduringtheColdWar.Thus,culturaldeterminantsoftradereplacecold-warblocsasamajorimpedimenttointernationaltradeonlyaftertheendoftheColdWar.
Keywords:
ColdWar,Culture,Economicclash,Trade
1.Introduction
Culturaldifferencesplayanimportantroleineconomicexchange.Inthiscontext,culturalbarrierstotradeareassociatedbothwithtransactioncosts,duetoinformalbarriers,trust,businessnetworks,informationalcostsandmisunderstandingsrelatedtonon-verbalcommunication,andwithdissimilarityofpreferencesandtastesofculturallydistantconsumers.Weaddtothislineofresearchbystudyinghowtheimpactofculturaldifferencesontradeevolvesovertime,andhowthisimpactinteractswiththeColdWar.
Inparticular,thispaperanalyzeshowtheeffectofculturaldifferencesontradechangesduringandaftertheColdWar.ThisrelatestotheClashofCivilizationshypothesisbyHuntington(1993a,1993b).Thishypothesisputsforwardthatinthepost-ColdWarperiodthedominatingsourceofdiscordwillbecultural,anddissimilarityinculturewillleadtoclashesoverarangeofissuesincludingtrade.WhileHuntingtonarguesforanincreaseinbothviolentandnon-violentcompetitionamongculturalgroups,theClashofCivilizationshypothesishassofarreceivedattentionfromamilitaryconflictangleonly,andithasnotbeenempiricallytestedfromaneconomicperspective.Thisistheaimofthepresentpaper.Tothatend,usingcivilizations,religion,ethnicityandlanguageasproxiesofculture,weevaluatewhetherthenegativeeffectofculturaldifferencesontradeamplifiedinthepost-ColdWarera.
Employingbilateralimportsdataover1962-2012,weprovideevidencethatthenegativeinfluenceofculturaldifferencesontradeislargerinthepost-ColdWarerathanduringtheColdWar.Forinstance,ethnicdifferencesreducetradeby24%duringtheColdWar,whereasthisreductionis52%inthepost-ColdWarperiod.Additionally,wequantifythetariffequivalentcostsofculturaldifferencesfbrstandardlevelsofelasticitiesofsubstitutionintheliterature.Forexample,withanelasticityofsubstitutionofeight,thetariffequivalentcostofculturaldifferencesvariesbetween1.3%and7.4%duringtheColdWar,whilethisadditionalcostisbetween9.4%and19.4%inthepost-ColdWarera.
Furthermore,weexplorethemechanismfbrthedifferentialimpactofculturaldifferenceovertime.Huntington(1993a)arguesthatdissimilarityinculturegivesrisetodifferencesinhowweperceiveandcarryoutamultitudeofissues,includingeconomicexchange.Businessmenmakedealswithpeopletheycanunderstandandtrust;statessurrendersovereigntytointernationalorganizationscomposedoflike-mindedstatestheyunderstandandtrust.Thus,therootsofeconomiccooperationareinculturalcommonality.However,suchtendencies,heclaims,wereheldincheckbytheColdWar.ColdWarinstitutionsrepressedthesemorefundamentalchannelsofculture,andartificiallypromotedtradeamongcountriesofthesameColdWarbloc.Therefore,onlybytheendoftheColdWar,culturalcleavagesresurfacetoincreasinglyprevailoverideologicalones.
Tobetterunderstandthismechanism,weassigneachcountrytoacold-warblocandcreateanindicatorofdifferentblocs.Then,wetracktheevolutionoftheeffectsofculturaldifferencesanddifferentblocsontradeovertime.ThestrongnegativeeffectofdifferentblocsontradeovertheColdWardisappearsbytheendoftheColdWar,andinstead,culturaldifferencegainssignificanceasatradebarrier.Wealsoshowthatthedifferentialimpactofculturaldifferenceinthepost-ColdWareraislargelydrivenbyformersame-bloccountries.Theevidenceweprovideisconsistentwiththehypothesisthatcold-warblocshavetrumpe
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 文明 冲突 文化差异 贸易 影响 外文 文献 翻译
![提示](https://static.bdocx.com/images/bang_tan.gif)