天津市西青区届高考英语一轮专题阅读理解练习9.docx
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天津市西青区届高考英语一轮专题阅读理解练习9.docx
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天津市西青区届高考英语一轮专题阅读理解练习9
天津市西青区2016届高考英语阅读理解专题一轮练习(9)
阅读下列四篇短文,从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
ThetraditionaltentcitiesatfestivalssuchasGlastonburymayneverbethesameagain.Inavictoryofgreenbusinessthatiscertaintoappealtoenvironmentally-awaremusic-lovers,adesignstudentistoreceivefinancialsupporttoproduceeco-friendlytentsmadeofcardboardthatcanberecycledafterthebandsandthecrowdshavegonehome.
MajorfestivalssuchasGlastonburythrowawaysome10,000abandonedtentsattheendofeventseachyear.ForhisfinalyearprojectattheUniversityoftheWestofEngland,JamesDunlopcameupwithamaterialthatcanberecycled.AndtocopewiththeBritishsummer,thecardboardhasbeenmadewaterproof.
TakinginspirationfromaJapanesearchitect,whohasusedcardboardtomakebigbuildingsincludingchurches,MrDunlopusedcardboardmaterialforhistents,whichhecalledMyhabs.
ThedesignwonanawardattheannualNewDesignersExhibitionafterMrDunlopgraduatedfromhisproductdesigndegreeandhedecidedtotrytoturnitintoabusiness.
Toraisemoneyfortheidea,hetouredtheCity’sprivatecompanieswhichfundnewbusinessesandfoundasupporterinthefinancegroupMint.HeintroducedhisideatofourofMint’sdirectorsandwontheirsupport.Minthascommittedaround£500,000toMyHabandtakenashareof30percentinMrDunlop’sbusiness.ThefirstMyhabsshouldbetestedatfestivalsthissummer,beforebeingmarketedfullynextyear.
MrDunlopsaidthatthedesign,whichaccommodatestwopeople,couldhaveotheruses,suchasfordisasterreliefandhousingfortheLondonOlympics.Formusicevents,thecardboardhouseswillbeorderedonlineandputupatthesitesbytheMyhabteambeforethefestival-goersarriveandremovedbythecompanyafterwards.Theycanbepersonalizedandthecompanywillofferreductionsontheexpenseifpeopleagreetosellexterior(外部的)advertisingspace.
Thebiggestfestivalsattracttensofthousandsofparticipants,withGlastonburyhavingsome150,000eachyear.Altogethertherearearound100annualmusicfestivalswherepeoplecampintheUK.Theeventsarebecomingincreasinglyenvironmentallyconscious.
1.“Eco-friendlytents”inparagraph1refertotents .
A.economicallydesirableB.favorabletotheenvironment
C.forholdingmusicperformancesD.designedfordisasterrelief
2.MrDunlopestablishedhisbusiness .
A.independentlywithaninterest-freeloanfromMint
B.withtheapprovaloftheCity’sadministration
C.inpartnershipwithafinancegroup
D.withthehelpofaJapanesearchitect
3.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat .
A.theweatherintheUKischangeableinsummer
B.mostperformancesatBritishfestivalsaregivenintheopenair
C.thecardboardtentsproducedbyMrDunlopcanbeuser-tailored
D.cardboardtentscanbeeasilyputupandremovedbyusers
4.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith .
A.anattemptatdevelopingrecyclabletents
B.someeffortsatmakingfulluseofcardboards
C.anunusualsuccessofagraduationproject
D.theeffectsofusingcardboardtentsonmusicfestivals
【参考答案】1-4BCCA
PassageThirteen(CrypticColoring)
Crypticcoloringisbyfarthecommonestuseofcolorinthestruggleforexistence.Itisemployedforthepurposeofattack(aggressiveresemblanceoranticrypticcoloring)aswellasofdefense(protectiveresemblanceorprocrypticcoloring).Thefactthatthesamemethodconcealment,maybeusedbothforattackanddefensehasbeenwellexplainedbyT.Beltwhosuggestsasanillustrationtherapidityofmovementwhichisalsomadeuseofbybothpursuerandpursued,whichissimilarlyraisedtoamaximuminbothbythegradualdyingoutoftheslowestthroughaseriesofgenerations.Crypticcoloringiscommonlyassociatedwithotheraidsinthestruggleforlife.Thuswell-concealedmammalsandbirds,whendiscovered,willgenerallyendeavortoescapebyspeedandwilloftenattempttodefendthemselvesactively.Ontheotherhand,smallanimalswhichhavenomeansofactivedefense,suchaslarge,numbersofinsects,frequentlydependuponconcealmentalone.Protectiveresemblanceisfarcommoneramonganimalsthanaggressiveresemblance,incorrespondencewiththefactthatpredaceousformsareasarulemuchlargerandmuchlessnumerousthantheirprey.InthecaseofinsectivorousVertebrataandtheirpreysuchdifferencesexistinanexaggeratedform.Crypticcoloring,whetherusedfordefenseofattack,maybeeithergeneralorspecial.Ingeneralresemblancetheanimal,inconsequenceofitscoloring,producesthesameeffectasitsenvironment,buttheconditionsdonotrequireanyspecialadaptationofshapeandoutline.Generalresemblanceisespeciallycommonamongtheanimalinhabitingsomeuniformlycoloredexpanseoftheearth’ssurface,suchasanoceanoradesert.Intheformer,animalsofallshapesarefrequentlyprotectedbytheirtransparentbluecolor,onthelatter,equallydiverseformsaredefendedbytheirsandyappearance.Theeffectofauniformappearancemaybeproducedbyacombinationoftintsinstartlingcontrast.Thustheblackandwhitestripesofthezebrablendtogetheratalittledistance,and“theirproportionissuchasexactlytomatchthepaletintwhicharidgroundpossesseswhenseenbymoonlight.”Specialresemblanceisfarcommonerthangeneralandistheformwhichisusuallymetwithonthediversifiedsurfaceoftheearth,ontheshores,andinshallowwater,aswellasonthefloatingmassesofalgaeonthesurfaceoftheocean,suchastheSargassoSea.Intheseenvironmentsthecrypticcoloringofanimalsisusuallyaidedbyspecialmodificationsofshape,andbytheinstinctwhichleadsthemtoassumeparticularattitudes.Completestillnessandtheassumptionofacertainattitudeplayanessentialpartingeneralresemblanceonland;butinspecialresemblancetheattitudeisoftenhighlyspecialized,andperhapsmoreimportantthananyotherelementinthecomplexmethodbywhichconcealmentiseffected.Inspecialresemblancethecombinationofcoloring,shape,andattitudeissuchastoproduceamoreorlessexactresemblancetosomeoneoftheobjectsintheenvironment,suchasaleafoftwig,apatchoflichen,aflakeofbark.Inallcasestheresemblanceistosomeobjectwhichisofnointeresttotheenemyorpreyrespectively.Theanimalisnothiddenfromviewbybecomingindistinguishablefromitsbackgroundasinthecaseofgeneralresemblance,butitismistakenforsomewell-knowobject.
Inseekingtheinterpretationofthesemostinterestingandelaborateadaptations,attemptshavebeenmadealongtwolines.Thefirstseekstoexplaintheeffectasaresultofthedirectinfluenceoftheenvironmentupontheindividual(G.L.L.Buffon),orbytheinheritedeffectsofeffortsandtheuseanddisuseofparts(J.B.P.Lamarck).Thesecondbelievesthatnaturalselectionproducedtheresultandafterwardsmaintaineditbythesurvivalofthebestconcealedineachgeneration.Theformersuggestionbreaksdownwhenthecomplexnatureofnumerousspecialresemblancesisappreciated.Thusthearrangementofcolorsofmanykindsintoanappropriatepatternrequiresthecooperationofasuitableshapeandtherigidlyexactadoptionofacertainelaborateattitude.Thelatterisinstinctiveandthusdependsonthecentralnervoussystem.Thecrypticeffectisduetotheexactcooperationofallthesefactors;andinthepresentstateofscience,theonlypossibleholeofaninterpretationliesinthetheoryofnaturalselection,whichcanaccumulateanyandeveryvariationwhichtendstowardsurvival.Afewofthechieftypesofmethodsbywhichconcealmentiseffectedmaybebrieflydescribed.Thecolorsoflargenumbersofvertebrateanimalsaredarkestonthebackandbecomegraduallylighteronthesides,passingintowhiteonthebelly.AbbotH.Thayerhassuggestedthatthisgradationobliteratestheappearanceofsolidity,whichisduetoshadow.Thecolorharmony,whichisalsoessentialtoconcealment,isproducedbecausethebackisofthesametintastheenvironment(e.g.earth),bathedinthecoldblue-whiteofthesky,whilethebelly,beingcoldblue-whiteandbathedinshadowandyellowearthreflectionsproducesthesameeffects.ThismethodofneutralizingshadowforthepurposeofconcealmentbyincreasedlightnessoftintwasfirstsuggestedbyE.B.Poultoninthecaseofalarvaandapupa,buthedidnotappreciatethegreatimportanceoftheprinciple.Inananalogousmethodananimalinfrontofabackgroundofdarkshadowmayhavepartofitsbodyobliteratedbytheexistenceofadarktint,theremainderresembling,e.g.,apartofaleaf.Thismethodofrenderinginvisibleanypartwhichwouldinterferewiththeresemblanceiswellknowinmimicry.
1. Theblackandwhitestripesofthezebraaremostusefulform
[A].hunters. .nocturnalpredators
[C].lionsandtigers. [C].insectivorous Vertrbrata
2. Aggressiveresemblanceoccurswhen
[A].apredaceousattitudeisassumed.
.specialresemblanceisutilized.
[C].ananimalreliesonspeed.
[D].ananimalblendsinwithitsbackground.
3. Specialresemblancediffersfromgeneralresemblanceinthattheanimalrelieson
[A].itsabilitytofrightenitsadversary. .speed.
[C].itsabilitytoassumeanattitude. [D].mistakenidentify
4. Thetitlebelowthatbestexpressestheidesofthispassageis
[A].CrypticcolorationforProtection. .HowAnimalsSurvive.
[C].TheusesofMimicryinNature. [D].ResemblancesofAnimals.
5. Ofthefollowingwhichistheleastcommon?
[A].protectiveresemblance. .Generalresemblanc
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