句子结构.docx
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句子结构.docx
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句子结构
辨析:
•Incorrect:
Iwasnotabletopickupmychildatherschool.Havingbeencaughtinheavytraffic.
•Correct:
Havingbeencaughtinheavytraffic,Iwasnotabletopickupmychildatherschool.
•Or:
Iwasnotabletopickupmychildatherschool.Ihadbeencaughtinheavytraffic.
•Incorrect:
Itwasraininghard,theycouldnotworkinthefields.
•Correct:
Itwasraininghard;theycouldnotworkinthefields.
•Or:
Itwasraininghard.Theycouldnotworkinthefields.
Itwasrainingsohardthattheycouldnotworkinthefields.
Theycouldnotworkinthefieldsbecauseitwasraininghard.
Linkingdevices连接词
•Conjunctions(连词)areclassifiedascoordinating(协调),joiningsentenceelementsofequalgrammaticalrank,andassubordinating(从属的),joiningelementsofunequalrank.
•Coordinatingconjunctionsjoingrammaticallyequalsentenceelements;thatis,theyjoinawordtoaword,aphrasetoaphrase,oraclausetoaclause.Theythusprovideimportantopportunitiestouseparallelism.
•1.coordinateconjunctions(并列连词):
and,but,or
•Theelementstheyjoinmustbeequalgrammatically.
•Incorrect:
Pressuresatthebulkhead(隔板),theseal(密封口),andthecove(凹口)areshown.
•Correct:
Pressuresatthebulkhead,attheseal,andinthecoveareshown.
•2.Correlativeconjunctions(关系连词)
•either…or,both…and,notonly…butalso
•Incorrect:
Themicroprocessor(微处理器)providesbothradiometercontrolfunctionsandformatsthedata.
•Correct:
Themicroprocessorbothcontrolstheradiometerandformatsthedata.
•Poor:
Thesubsystemnotonlymeasurestemperaturebutitalsoprovidesreal-timedisplays.
•Better:
Thesubsystemnotonlymeasurestemperaturebutalsoprovidesreal-timedisplays.
•Poor:
Thisduct(输送管)serveseitherasaneducatorthatprovidesanexittotheatmosphereorasaninductorsuckingairintothesystem.
•Better:
Thisductserveseitherasaneducatorexitingairtotheatmosphereorasaninductorsuckingairintothesystem.
•3.Adverbialconjunctions(副词连接词)
•therefore,however,thus,hence,otherwise.
•because,though,after,where,sothat:
•As,since,andwhilehavemeaningotherthanthoseinvolvingtime,sothatcaremustbetakentoensurethattheirmeaningisclear.
•Conjunctiveadverbscanbeusedtojoinindependentclausesonly.Incontrasttocoordinateconjunctions,conjunctiveadverbshavemoremodifyingcharacterandlessconnectiveforce.
•Thedifferencesweregenerallyabout11%,butlargerdifferencesoccurredat-15°.
•Thedifferencesweregenerallyabout11%;however,largerdifferencesoccurredat-15°.
•*Clausesjoinedbyconjunctiveadverbsmustbeseparatedbyasemicolonoraperiod.
•4SubordinatingConjunctions(从属连词)
•That,which,who
•Sheisateacherwhoisrespectedbyallherstudents.
•Thattheseven-term(限,区间)functiondoesnotresultin(导致,得出)agoodapproximation(近似值)isapparent(显然的).(nounclauses)
•Correct:
Thelistenersbelievethenoisemighthurtthem.
•Better:
Thelistenersbelievethatthenoisemighthurtthem.
•Mostlogical
•TypeOne连贯
•Incorrect:
Amanisjudgednotonlybywhathesaysbutalsobyhisdeeds.
•Revised:
Amanisjudgednotonlybywhathesaysbutalsobywhathedoes.
•Or:
Amanisjudgednotonlybyhiswordsbutalsobyhisdeeds.
•Incorrect:
Wethoughtshewascharming,intelligent,andaverycapableyoungwoman.
•Revised:
Wethoughtshewasacharming,intelligent,andaverycapableyoungwoman.
•Or:
Wethoughtshewascharming,intelligent,andverycapable.
•Incorrect:
•Shetoldmysisterthatshewaswrong.
•Hewasknockeddownbyabicycle,butitwasnotserious.
•IamgoingtothelectureonmodernChinesedrama,becauseheisadramatistIlike.
•TypeTwo一致
•Incorrect:
Lookingoutofthewindow,thegrasslandstretchesasfarastheeyecanreach.
•Correct:
Lookingoutofthewindow,he(she/I)canseethegrasslandstretchingasfarastheeyecanreach.
•Incorrect:
Onenteringtheclassroomthestudentsstoodupandsaid,“GoodMorning!
”
•Revised:
Whentheteacherenteredtheclassroom,thestudentsstoodupandsaid,“Goodmorning!
”
•Incorrect:
Togetreadyforthetrip,allthethingssheneededwereputintoasuitcase.
•Revised:
Togetreadyforthetrip,sheputallthethingssheneededintoasuitcase.
•
•Buttheresomesetphrasesoftenusedtomodifythewholesentencesandtheyarenodanglingmodifiers.Forexample:
•Judgingbywhatthenewspapershavesaid,hislatestplayisquitesuccessfully.
•Tobefrank,heisnottherightmanforthisimportantjob.
•
•TypeThree措辞
•Incorrect:
Ireadaninterestingstoryinamagazineaboutsportsmen.
•Sportsmenshouldmodify“story”,not“magazine”.
•Revised:
Ireadinamagazineaninterestingstoryaboutsportsmen.
•Or:
InamagazineIreadaninterestingstoryaboutsportsmen.
•Incorrect:
Sheboughtseveralpicturebooksandputthemintoherbag,whichsheintendedtogivetoherchildren.
•Revised:
Sheboughtseveralpicturebooksforthechildrenandputthemintoherbag.
•Or:
Sheputherbagthepicturebooksshehadboughtforherchildren.
ConsistencyinTenseandVoice
TenseConsistency
•Averbinasubordinateclauseshouldrelatelogicallyintensetotheverbintheprincipalclause.
•Incorrect:
Astheweddingbegan,thebride’smotherstartstocry.
•Correct:
Astheweddingbegan,thebride’smotherstartedtocry.
•Incorrect:
Bythetimethefirehadbeenextinguished(熄灭),thepriceless(无价的)paintingshadbeendestroyed.
•Correct:
Bythetimethefirewasextinguished,thepricelesspaintingshadbeendestroyed.
•2.ThePresentInfinitive
•Alwaysusethepresentinfinitive(todo)afteraperfecttense:
Theyhadhopedtoholdaspringpicnic.
•3.SpecialUseofthePresentTense
•Usethepresenttensetoexpressuniversally(普遍的)truestatementsortimeless(永恒的)facts:
•Iceformsat32degree(F).
•TherainyseasonseldomarrivesinCalifornia.
•Shetoldthecampersthatmosquitoesarepartofnature.
Voice
•Fivesituationswhenthepassivevoiceisappropriate:
•1.Whentheactorisunimportant,notknown,ornottobementioned.
•Ihavemyhaircuteverymonth.
•Whenthereceiveroftheactionshouldbeemphasized.
•Hewaspraisedhighlyafterthewar.
•3.Whenthesentenceisabrupt(生硬的)inactivevoice.
•4.Whenvarietyisneededinanactivevoice.
•5.Whenaweakimperative(命令)isneeded.
•Thefiguresshouldbecorrectedquickly.
Run-onSentence不断句的问题
•指在连接句子时没有使用适当的标点符号或连词来连接两个或两个以上独立的句子。
这类错误主要有4种修改方式:
•1.用句号把不断句分成两个句子。
•Incorrect:
Gettingmarriediseasystayingmarriedisadifferentmatter.
•Correct:
Gettingmarriediseasy.Stayingmarriedisadifferentmatter.
2.用分号把不断句分成两个句子。
•Incorrect:
AskthefirstpersonyouseeiftheywillhelpyouIamsuretheywill.
•Correct:
Askthefirstpersonyouseeiftheywillhelpyou;Iamsuretheywill.
3.使用适当的并列连词或从属连词
•Incorrect:
Gettingmarriediseasystayingmarriedisadifferentmatter.
•Incorrect:
Gettingmarriediseasy,stayingmarriedisadifferentmatter.
4.将其中一个独立句子改成从句或分词短语。
•Incorrect:
KiranDesaihaswontheBookerPrizewithherfirstnovelsheisanIndianauthorresidinginGreatBritain.
•Correct:
KiranDesai,whoisanIndianauthorresidinginGreatBritain,haswontheBookerPrizewithherfirstnovel.
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- 关 键 词:
- 句子 结构
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