英语四六级阅读理解答案.docx
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英语四六级阅读理解答案.docx
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英语四六级阅读理解答案
四级第二套
SectionC
PassageOne
Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Acrosstherichworld,well-educatedpeopleincreasinglyworklongerthantheless-skilled.Some65%ofAmericanmenaged62-74withaprofessionaldegreeareintheworkforce,comparedwith32%ofmenwithonlyahigh-schoolcertificate.Thisgapispartofadeepeningdividebetweenthewell-educatedwell-offandtheunskilledpoor.Rapidtechnologicaladvancehasraisedtheincomesofthehighlyskilledwhilesqueezingthoseoftheunskilled.Theconsequences,forindividualsandsociety,areprofound.
Theworldisfacinganastonishingriseintheofoldpeople,andtheywilllivelongerthaneverbefore.Overthenext20yearstheglobalpopulationofthoseaged65ormorewillalmostdouble,from600millionto1.1billion.Theexperienceofthe20thcentury,whengreaterlongevity(长寿)translatedintomoreyearsinretirementratherthanmoreyearsatwork,haspersuadedmanyobserversthatthisshiftwillleadtoslowereconomicgrowth,whiletheswellingranksofpensionerswillcreategovernmentbudgetproblems.
Butthenotionofasharpdivisionbetweentheworkingyoungandtheidleoldmissesanewtrend,thegrowinggapbetweentheskilledandtheunskilled.Employmentratesarefailingamongyoungerunskilledpeople,whereasolderskilledfolkareworkinglonger.ThedivideismostextremeinAmerica,wherewell-educatedbaby-boomers(二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)areputtingoffretirementwhilemanyless-skilledyoungerpeoplehaveabandonedpoliciesthatusedXtoretireearly.Risinglifeexpectancy(预期生命),combinedwiththereplace-Xpensionplanswithlessgenerousdefined-contributionones,meansthateventhebetter-offmustworklongertohaveacomfortableretirement.Butthechangingnatureofworkalsoplaysabigrole.Payhasrisensharplyforthehighlyeducated,andthosepeoplecontinuetoreaprichrewardsintooldagebecausethesedaystheeducatedelderlyaremoreproductivethattheprecedinggeneration.Technologicalchargemaywellreinforcethatshift;theskillsthatcomplementcomputers,frommanagementknowhowtocreativity,donotnecessarilydeclinewithage.
57.Whatishappeningintheworkforceinrichcountries?
A.Youngerpeoplearereplacingtheelderly.
B.Well-educatedpeopletendtoworklonger.
C.Unemploymentratesarerisingyearafteryear.
D.Peoplewithnocollagedegreedonoteasilyfindwork.
【答案】B
58.Whathashelpeddeepenthedividebetweenthewell-offandthepoor?
A.Longerlifeexpectancies.
B.Arapidtechnologicaladvance.
C.Profoundchangesintheworkforce.
D.Agrowingnumberofthewell-educated.
【答案】B
59.Whatdomanyobserverspredictinviewoftheexperienceoftheexperienceofthe20thcentury?
A.Economicgrowthwillslowdown.
B.Governmentbudgetswillincrease.
C.Morepeoplewilltrytopursuehighereducation.
D.Therewillbemorecompetitioninthejobmarket.
【答案】A
60.WhatistheresultofpolicychangesinEuropeancountries?
A.Unskilledworkersmaychoosetoretireearly.
B.Morepeoplehavetoreceivein-servicetraining.
C.Evenwealthypeoplemustworklongertolivecomfortablyinretirement.
D.Peoplemaybeabletoenjoygenerousdefined-benefitsfrompensionplans.
【答案】C
61.Whatischaracteristicofworkinthe21stcentury?
A.Computerswilldomorecomplicatedwork.
B.Morewillbetheeducatedyoung.
C.Mostjobstobedonewillbecreativeones.
D.Skillsarehighlyvaluedregardlessofage.
【答案】D
PassageTwo
Questions62to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Someoftheworld'smostsignsignificantproblemshitheadlines.Oneexamplecomesfromagriculture.Foodriotsandhungermakenews.Butthetrendlyingbehindthesemattersisrarelytalkedabout.Thisisthedeclineinthegrowthinyieldsofsomeoftheworld'smajorcrops.AnewstudybytheUniversityofMinnesotaandMcGillUniversityinMontreallooksatwhere,andhowfar,thisdeclineisoccurring.
Theauthorstakeavastnumberofdatapointsforthefourmostimportantcrops:
rice,wheat,cornandsoyabeans(大豆).Theyfindthatonbetween24%and39%ofallharvestedareas,theimprovementinyieldsthattookplacebeforethe1980ssloweddowninthe1990sand2000s.
Therearetwoworryingfeaturesoftheslowdown.Oneisthatithasbeenparticularlysharpintheworld'smostpopulous(人口多的)countries,IndiaandChina.Theirabilitytofeedthemselveshasbeenanimportantsourceofrelativestabilitybothwithinthecountriesandonworldfoodmarkets.Thatself-sufficiencycannotbetakenforgrantedifyieldscontinuetoslowdownorreverse.
Second,yieldgrowthhasbeenlowerinwheatandricethanincornandsoyabeans.Thisisproblematicbecausewheatandricearemoreimportantasfoods,accountingforaroundhalfofallcaloriesconsumed.Cornandsoyabeansaremoreimportantasfeedgrains.Theauthorsnotethat"wehavepreferentiallyfocusedourcropimprovementeffortsonfeedinganimalsandcarsratherthanoncropsthatfeedpeopleandarethebasisoffoodsecurityinmuchoftheworld."
Thereportqualifiesthemoreoptimisticfindingsofanothernewpaperwhichsuggeststhattheworldwillnothavetodigupalotmorelandforfarminginordertofeed9billionpeoplein2050,astheFoodandAgricultureOrganisationhasargued.
Instead,itsays,thankstoslowingpopulationgrowth,landcurrentlyploughedupforcropsmightbeabletorevert(回返)toforestorwilderness.Thiscouldhappen.Thetroubleisthattheforecastassumescontinuedimprovementsinyields,whichmaynotactuallyhappen.
62.Whatdoestheauthortrytodrawattentionto?
A.Foodriotsandhungerintheworld.
B.Thedeclineofthegrainyieldgrowth.
C.Newsheadlinesintheleadingmedia.
D.Thefoodsupplyinpopulouscountries.
【答案】B
63.WhydoestheauthormentionIndiaandChinainparticular?
A.Theirself-sufficiencyisvitaltothestabilityofworldfoodmarkets.
B.Theirfoodyieldshavebeguntodecreasesharplyinrecentyears.
C.Theirbigpopulationsarecausingworldwideconcerns.
D.Theirfoodself-sufficiencyhasbeentakenforgranted.
【答案】A
64.Whatdoesthenewstudybythetwouniversitiessayaboutrecentcropimprovementefforts?
A.Theyfailtoproducethesameremarkableresultsasbeforethe1980s.
B.Theycontributealottotheimprovementofhumanfoodproduction.
C.Theyplayamajorroleinguaranteeingthefoodsecurityoftheworld.
D.theyfocusmoreontheincreaseofanimalfeedthanhumanfoodgrains.
【答案】D
65.WhatdoestheFoodandAgricultureOrganisationsayaboutworldfoodproductioninthecomingdecades?
A.Thegrowingpopulationwillgreatlyincreasethepressureonworldfoodsupplies.
B.Theoptimisticpredictionaboutfoodproductionshouldbeviewedwithcaution.
C.Theslowdownofthegrowthinyieldsofmajorfoodcropswillbereversed.
D.Theworldwillbeabletofeeditspopulationwithoutincreasingfarmland.
【答案】D
66.HowdoestheauthorviewtheargumentoftheFoodandAgricultureOrganisation?
A.Itisbuiltonthefindingsofanewstudy.
B.Itisbasedonadoubtfulassumption.
C.Itisbackedbystrongevidence.
D.Itisopentofurtherdiscussion.
【答案】B
四级第一套
SectionC
PassageOne
Question57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Ifyouthinkahigh-factorsunscreen(防晒霜)keepsyousafefromharmfulrays,youmaybewrong.Researchinthisweek'sNatureshowsthatwhilefactor50reducesthenumberofmelanomas(黑瘤)anddelaystheiroccurrence,itcan'tpreventthem.Melanomasarethemostaggressiveskincancers.Youhaveahigherriskifyouhaveredorblondhair,fairskin,blueorgreeneyes,orsunburneasily,orifacloserelativehashadone.Melanomasaremorecommonifyouhaveperiodicintenseexposuretothesun.Otherskincancersareincreasinglylikelywithlong-termexposure.
Thereiscontinuingdebateastohoweffectivesunscreenisinreducingmelanomas—theevidenceisweakerthanitisforpreventingothertypesofskincancer.A2011Australianstudyof1,621peoplefoundthatpeoplerandomlyselectedtoapplysunscreendailyhadhalftherateofmelanomasofpeoplewhousedcreamasneeded.Asecondstudy,comparing1,167peoplewithmelanomasto1,101whodidn'thavethecancer,foundthatusingsunscreenroutinely,alongsideotherprotectionsuchashats,longsleevesorstayingintheshade,didgivesomeprotection.Thisstudysaidotherformsofsunprotection—notsunscreen—seemedmostbeneficial.Thestudyreliedonpeoplerememberingwhattheyhaddoneovereachdecadeoftheirlives,soit'snotentirelyreliable.Butitseemsreasonabletothinksunscreengivespeopleafalsesenseofsecurityinthesun.
Manypeoplealsodon'tusesunscreenproperly-applyinginsufficientamounts,failingtoreapplyafteracoupleofhoursandstayinginthesuntoolong.Itissunburnthatismostworrying-recentshowsfiveepisodesofsunburnintheteenageyearsincreasestheriskofallskincancers.
Thegoodnewsisthatacombinationofsunscreenandcoveringupcanreducemelanomarates,asshownbyAustralianfiguresfromtheirslip-slop-slapcampaign.Soifthereisaheatwavethissummer,itwouldbebestforus,too,tosliponashirt,slopon(抹上)sunscreenandslaponahat.
57.【题干】Whatispeople'scommonexpectationofahigh-factorsunscreen?
A.Itwilldelaytheoccurrenceofskincancer.
B.Itwillprotectthemfromsunburn.
C.Itwillkeeptheirskinsmoothandfair.
D.Itwillworkforpeopleofanyskincolor.
【答案】B
58.【题干】WhatdoestheresearchinNaturesayaboutahigh-factorsunscreen?
A.Itisineffectiveinpreventingmelanomas.
B.Itisineffectiveincaseofintensesunlight.
C.Itisineffectivewithlong-termexposure.
D.Itisine
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