大学英语六级考试第3卷真题及答案.docx
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大学英语六级考试第3卷真题及答案.docx
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大学英语六级考试第3卷真题及答案
PartIWriting(30minutes)
Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheimportanceofmotivationandmethodsinlearning.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.
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PartⅠWriting
TheImportanceofMotivationandMethodsinLearning
Whenitcomestolearning,thereisafamousChinesesayingwhichgoes"Learningwithoutthinkingleadstoconfusion;thinkingwithoutlearningendsindanger."Evidently,itismeanttotellusthatlearningmethodsareasimportantashardwork.Itotallyagreewithit.Besides,Iinsistthatinadditiontodiligenceandmethods,motivationinlearningshouldalsobepaidattentionto.
Asforme,motivationisanindispensablepartoflearning,becausewithoutmotivation,youwon'tstarttolearnatall.Evenifyouhavestartedstudying,withoutmotivationthatdrivesyoutokeepgoing,youmayeasilygiveupwhenfacedwithdifficulties.
Withmotivation,wealsoneedtherightwaytolearn.Inthelearningprocess,hardworkisnotenough.Ifwedon'tattachimportancetolearningmethods,wemayfallintothedilemmaofstudyingmechanically.Instead,witheffectivelearningmethods,therewillbetwicetheresultwithhalftheeffort.
Inbrief,motivationandmethodsarecriticaltosuccessfullearning.Therefore,onlywhenweareclearlyawareofthis,canweachievegoodlearningresultsbymakingefforts.
PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)
说明:
由于2019年6月六级考试全国共考了两套听力,本套真题听力与前2套内容相同,只是选项顺序不同,因此在本套真题中再也不重复显现。
PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)
SectionA
Directions:
Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
Steel(钢铁)isvaluedforitsreliability靠得住性,butnotwhenitgetscold.Mostformsofsteel_A_26_abruptly突然地、硬生生的_becomebrittle(脆的)attemperaturesbelowabout-25℃unlesstheyaremixedwithothermetals.Now,though,anoveltypeofsteelhasbeendevelopedthatresists对抗、抗击_J_27_fractures破碎、碎裂_atmuchlowertemperatures,whileretaining保留、留住itsstrengthandtoughness韧性、韧度—withouttheneedforexpensive_B_28_additives(添加剂)_.
Steel'sfragilityatlowtemperaturesfirstbecameamajorconcernduringtheSecondWorldWar.AfterGermanU-boatstorpedoed(用鱼雷解决)numerousBritishships,a2,700-strongfleetofcheap-and-cheerful"Libertyships"wasintroducedtoreplacethelostvessels,providingalifelineforthe_E_29_besieged(被包围)_British.Butthesteelshellsofhundredsoftheships_I_30_cracked(破裂)_intheicynorthAtlantic,and12brokeinhalfandsank.
Brittleness(脆弱、脆性)remainsaproblemwhenbuildingsteelstructuresincoldconditions,suchasoilrigsintheArctic.Soscientistshave_N_31_strived(尽力、奋斗)_tofindasolutionbymixingitwithexpensivemetals(金属、五金)suchasnickel(镍).
YuujiKimuraandcolleaguesinJapantriedamorephysical(物理的、物质的、符合自然法则的)_C_32_approach(方式)_.Ratherthanaddingothermetals,theydevelopedacomplexmechanical(机械、力学)processinvolvingrepeatedheating(加热、采暖)andverysevere(严峻、严厉、严格)mechanicaldeformation(变形),knownastempforming.
Theresultingsteelappearstoachieveacombinationofstrength(强度)andtoughness(韧性)thatis_G_33_comparable(想当、可比)_tothatofmodemsteelsthatareveryrichinalloy(合金)content(内容、含量、目录)and,therefore,veryexpensive.
Kimura'steamintends(打算)touseitstempformedsteeltomakeultra-high(超高)strengthparts,suchasbolts(螺栓、铆钉).Theyhopetoreduceboththenumberof_H_34_components(组建、部件)_neededinaconstructionjobandtheirweight—by(按……计算)replacingsolid(实心的、实体的)supportswith_K_35_hollow(空心的)_tubes(管),forexample.Thiscouldreducetheamountofsteelneededtomakeeverythingfromautomobiles(发动机)tobuildingsandbridges(桥梁).
A)abruptly
B)additives
C)approach
D)ardently
E)besieged
F)channel
G)comparable
H)components
I)cracked
J)fractures
K)hollow
L)relevant
M)reshuffled
N)strived
O)violent
SectionB
Directions:
Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.
Thefutureofpersonalsatellite(卫星)technologyishere—arewereadyforit?
A)Satellitesusedtobetheexclusiveplaythingsofrichgovernmentsandwealthycorporations.Butincreasingly,asspacebecomesmoredemocratized,theyarecomingwithinreachofordinarypeople.Justlikedrones(无人机)beforethem,miniaturesatellitesarebeginningtofundamentallytransformourconceptionsofwhogetstodowhatupaboveourheads.
B)AsarecentreportfromtheNationalAcademyofScienceshighlights,thesesatellitesholdtremendouspotentialformakingsatellite-basedsciencemoreaccessiblethaneverbefore.However,asthecostofgettingyourownsatelliteinorbitdropssharply,therisksofirresponsibleusegrow.Thequestionhereisnolonger"Canwe?
"but"Shouldwe?
"Whatarethepotentialdownsidesofhavingasliceofspacedenselypopulatedbyequipmentbuiltbypeoplenottraditionallylabeledas"professionals"?
Andwhatwouldtheresponsibleandbeneficialdevelopmentanduseofthistechnologyactuallylooklike?
Someoftheanswersmaycomefromanonprofitorganizationthathasbeenbuildingandlaunchingamateursatellitesfornearly50years.
C)Havingyourpersonalsatellitelaunchedintoorbitmightsoundlikeanideastraightoutofsciencefiction.Butoverthepastfewdecadesauniqueclassofsatelliteshasbeencreatedthatfitsthebill:
CubeSats.The"Cube"heresimplyreferstothesatellite'sshape.ThemostcommonCubeSatisa10cmcube,sosmallthatasingleCubeSatcouldeasilybemistakenforapaperweightonyourdesk.Thesemini-satellitescanfitinalaunchvehicle'sformerly"wastedspace."MultiplescanbedeployedincombinationformorecomplexmissionsthancouldbeachievedbyoneCubeSatalone.
D)Withintheircompactbodiestheseminutesatellitesareabletohousesensorsandcommunicationsreceivers/transmittersthatenableoperatorstostudyEarthfromspace,aswellasspacearoundEarth.They'reprimarilydesignedforLowEarthOrbit(LEO)—aneasilyaccessibleregionofspacefromaround200to800milesaboveEarth,wherehuman-tendedmissionsliketheHubbleSpaceTelescopeandtheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)hangout.Buttheycanattainmoredistantorbits;NASAplansformostofitsfutureEarth-escapingpayloads(tothemoonandMarsespecially)tocarryCubeSats.
E)Becausethey'resosmallandlight,itcostsmuchlesstogetaCubSatintoEarth'sorbitthanatraditionalcommunicationsorGPSsatellite.Forinstance,aresearchgrouphereatArizonaStateUniversityrecentlyclaimedtheirdevelopmentalsmallCubeSatscouldcostaslittleas$3,000toputinorbit.Thisdecreaseincostallowsresearchers,hobbyistsandevenelementaryschoolgroupstoputsimpleinstrumentsintoLEOorevenhavingthemdeployedfromtheISS.
F)ThefirstCubeSatwascreatedintheearly2000s,asawayofenablingStanfordgraduatestudentstodesign,build,testandoperateaspacecraftwithsimilarcapabilitiestotheUSSR'sSputnik(前苏联的人造卫星).Sincethen,NASA,theNationalReconnaissanceOfficeandevenBoeinghavealllaunchedandoperatedCubeSats.Therearemorethan130currentlyinoperation.TheNASAEducationalLaunchofNanoSatelliteprogram,whichoffersfreelaunchesforeducationalgroupsandsciencemissions,isnowopentoU.S.nonprofitcorporationsaswell.Clearly,satellitesarenotjustforrocketscientistsanymore.
G)TheNationalAcademyofSciencesreportemphasizesCubeSats'importanceinscientificdiscoveryandthetrainingoffuturespacescientistsandengineers.YetitalsoacknowledgesthatwidespreaddeploymentofLEOCubeSatsisn'trisk-free.Thegreatestconcerntheauthorsraiseisspacedebris—piecesof"junk"thatorbittheearth,withthepotentialtocauseseriousdamageiftheycollidewithoperationalunits,includingtheISS.
H)Currently,therearen'tmanyCubeSatsandthey'retrackedclosely.YetasLEOopensuptomoreamateursatellites,theymayposeanincreasingthreat.Asthereportauthorspointout,evennear-missesmightleadtothe"creationofaburdensomeregulatoryframeworkandaffectthefuturedispositionofscienceCubeSats."
I)CubeSatresearcherssuggestthatnow'sthetimetoponderunexpectedandunintendedpossibleconsequencesofmorepeoplethaneverhavingaccesstotheirownsmallsliceofspace.InanerawhenyoucansimplybuyaCubeSatkitofftheshelf,howcanwetrustthesatellitesoverourheadsweredevelopedwithgoodintentionsbypeoplewhoknewwhattheyweredoing?
Some"expertamateurs"inthesatellitegamecouldprovidesomeinspirationforhowtoproceedresponsibly.
J)InRadioAmateurSatelliteCorporation(AMSAT)wascreatedinordertofosterhamradioenthusiasts'(业余无线电爱好者)participationinspaceresearchandcommunication.Itcontinuedtheefforts,begunin1961,byProjectOSCAR—aU.S.-basedgroupthatbuiltandlaunchedtheveryfirstnongovernmentalsatellitejustfouryearsafterSputnik
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