英语四级新试题和答案.docx
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英语四级新试题和答案.docx
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英语四级新试题和答案
英语四级新试题970
PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)
Directions:
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
WhyMinorityStudentsDon'tGraduatefromCollege
BarryMills,thepresidentofBowdoinCollege,wasjustifiablyproudofBowdoin'seffortstorecruitminoritystudents.Since2003theschoolhasboostedtheproportionofso-calledunder-representedminoritystudents(blacks,Latinos(南美洲人),andNativeAmericans,about30percentoftheU.S.population)inenteringfreshmanclassesfrom8percentto13percent.ButBowdoinhasnotdonequiteaswellwhenitcomestoactuallygraduatingminorities.Whilenineoutof10whitestudentsroutinelygettheirdiplomaswithinsixyears,onlysevenoutof10blackstudentsmadeittograduationdayinseveralrecentclasses.
TheUnitedStatesoncehadthehighestgraduationrateofanynation.Nowitstands10th.ForthefirsttimeinAmericanhistory,thereistheriskthattherisinggenerationwillbelesswelleducatedthanthepreviousone.Thegraduationrateamong25-to34-year-oldsisnobetterthantherateforthe55-to64-year-oldswhoweregoingtocollegemorethan30yearsago.Studiesshowthatmoreandmorepoorandnonwhitestudentsareeagertograduatefromcollege--buttheirgraduationratesfallfarshortoftheirdreams.Thegraduationratesforblacks,Latinos,andNativeAmericanslagfarbehindthegraduationratesforwhitesandAsians.AstheminoritypopulationgrowsintheUnitedStates,lowcollege-graduationratesbecomeathreattonationalprosperity.
Theproblemisnoticeableatpublicuniversities.In2007,theUniversityofWisconsin-Madison--oneofthetopfiveorso"publicIvies"--graduated81percentofitswhitestudentswithinsixyears,butonly56percentofitsblacks.Atless-selectivestateschools,thenumbersgetworse.Communitycollegeshavelowgraduationratesgenerally--butrock-bottomratesforminorities.ArecentreviewofCaliforniacommunitycollegesfoundthatwhileathirdoftheAsianstudentspickeduptheirdegrees,only15percentofAfrican-Americansdidsoaswell.
Privatecollegesanduniversitiesgenerallydobetter,partlybecausetheyoffersmallerclassesandmorepersonalattention.Butwhenitcomestoasignificantgraduationgap,Bowdoinhascompany.NearbyColbyCollegeloggedan 18-pointdifferencebetweenwhiteandblackgraduatesin2007and25 pointsin2006. "Highereducationhasbeenabletogetaroundthisissueforyears,particularlythemoreselectiveschools,bysayingtheresponsibilityisontheindividualstudent,"saysPenningtonoftheGatesFoundation."Iftheyfail,it'stheirfault."Somecriticsblameaffirmativeaction--studentsadmittedwithlowertestscoresandgradesfromshakyhighschoolsoftenstruggleattopschools.Butabiggerproblemmaybethatpoorhighschoolsoftensendtheirstudentstocollegesforwhichtheyare"undermatched":
theycouldgetintobetter,richerschools,butinsteadgotocommunitycollegesandlow-ratedstateschoolsthatlacktheresourcestohelpthem.Someschoolsoutforprofitcynicallyincreasetuitionsandcountonstudentloansandfederalaidtofootthebill--knowingfullwellthatthestudentswon'tmakeit."Collegesknowthatalotofkidstheytakewillendupinremedialclasses,forwhichthey'llgetnocollegecreditandthenthey'llbedismissed,"saysAmyWilkinsoftheEducationTrust."Theschoolgetstokeepthemoney,butthekidleaveswithloadsofdebtandnodegreeandnoabilitytogetabetterjob.Collegesarenotholdinguptheirend."
Acollegeeducationisgettingevermoreexpensive.Since1982tuitionshavebeenrisingatroughlytwicetherateofinflation.Universityadministratorsinsistthatmostofthosebikesarematchedbyincreasedscholarshipgrantsorloans,buttherecessionhasdecreasedprivateendowments(捐助)andcutintostatespendingonhighereducation.In2008thenetcostofattendingafour-yearpublicuniversityequaled28percentofmedianfamilyincome,whileafour-yearprivateuniversitycost76percentofmedianfamilyincome.Moreandmorescholarshipsarebasedonscores,notneed.Poorerstudentsarenotalwaysthebest-informedconsumers.Oftentheyendupdeeplyindebtorsimplyunabletopayafterayearortwoandmustdropout.
Thereoncewasatimewhenuniversitiestookanunreasonableprideintheirdrop-outrates.Professorswouldbegintheyearbysaying,"Looktotherightandlooktotheleft.Oneofyouisnotgoingtobeherebytheendoftheyear."ButsuchaDarwinianspiritisbeginningtogivewayasatleastafewcollegesfaceuptothegraduationgap.AttheUniversityofWisconsin-Madison,thegaphasbeenroughlyhalvedoverthelastthreeyears.Theuniversityhaspouredresourcesintopeercounselingtohelpstudentsfrominner-cityschoolsadjusttothefasterpaceofauniversityclassroom,andalsotohelpminoritystudentsovercomethestereotypethattheyarelessqualified.
Stateandfederalgovernmentscouldsharpenthatfocuseverywherebybroadlypublishingminoritygraduationrates.ForyearsprivatecollegessuchasPrincetonandMIThavehadsuccessbringingminoritiesontocampusinthesummerbeforefreshmanyeartogivethemaheadstartoncollege-levelcourses.Thenewertrendistostartrecruitingpoorandnonwhitestudentsasearlyastheseventhgrade,usingnewtoolslikehip-hopcompetitionstoidentifykidswithsophisticatedverbal(语言的)means.Suchprogramscanbeexpensive,ofcourse,butcheapcomparedwiththemillionsalreadyinvestedinscholarshipsandgrantsforkidswhohavelittlechancetograduatewithoutspecialsupport.
Witheffortandmoney,thegraduationgapcanbeclosed.WashingtonandLeeisasmall,selectiveschoolinVirginia.Itsstudentbodyislessthan5percentblackandlessthan2percentLatino.Whiletheschoolusuallygraduatedabout90percentofitswhites,thegraduationrateofitsblacksandLatinoshaddippedto63percentby2007. "Wewentthroughadramaticshift,"saysDawnWatkins,thevicepresidentforstudentaffairs.Theschoolaggressivelypushedmentoring(师徒制)ofminoritiesbyotherstudentsand"partnering"withparentsataspecialpre-enrollmentsession.Theschoolhaditsfirst-everblackhomecoming.Lastspringtheschoolgraduatedthesameproportionofminoritiesasitdidwhites.IftheUnitedStateswantstokeepupintheglobaleconomicrace,itwillhavetopaysystematicattentiontograduatingminorities,notjustenrollingthem.
2. WhatwasBarryMills,thepresidentofBowdoinCollege,proudof?
A:
TheCollege'shighenrollmentrateofwhitestudents.
B:
TheCollege'shighenrollmentrateofminoritystudents.
C:
TheCollege'shighgraduationrateofwhitestudents.
D:
TheCollege'shighgraduationrateofminoritystudents.
3. SinceAmerican'srankingraduationratedroppeddramatically,______.
A:
morepoorandnon-whitestudentscannotentercollege
B:
theenrollmentrateofwhitestudentsmayincrease
C:
theyoungmaybelesswelleducatedthantheirfathers
D:
moremoneyandeffortwillbeputonhighereducation
4. IntheUniversityofWisconsin-Madison,what'sthegraduationrateofitsblacksin2007?
A:
81%.
B:
56%.
C:
15%.
D:
25%.
5. Privatecollegesanduniversitieshavehighergraduationratesforminoritiespartlybecause______.
A:
theirclassesareusuallylargerthanpublicIvies'
B:
theyoffermorescholarshipstominoritystudents
C:
theminoritystudentstheyenrollaregenerallybetter
D:
theypaymoreattentiontostudent'sindividualneed
6. Thestudentsthataresentto"undermatched"colleges______.
A:
tendtohaveahighergraduationrate
B:
don'treceiveenoughhelpfromschools
C:
paylowertuitionsthantheirpeers
D:
learnpracticalabilitytogetabetterjob
7. What'stherecession'simpactonhighereducation?
A:
Universitiesreceivefewercontributionsfromindividuals.
B:
Tuitionshavebeenrisingtwicetherateofinflation.
C:
Thescholarshipgrantsorloansincreasetomatchthehike.
D:
Moreandmorescholarshipsarebasedonneedratherthanscores.
8. HowhastheUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonmanagedtonarrowthegraduationgap?
A:
Ithaspouredresourcestoprovidefinancialhelptominoritystudents.
B:
Ithasorganizedprogramstohelpstudentsadaptthepaceofclasspattern.
C:
Ithasarrangedtobringminoritystudentsontocampusbeforefreshmanyear.
D:
Ithasgivenchancestolessqualifiedstudentstoenteruniversity.
9. Beforetheminoritiesenteruniversity,PrincetonandMITarrangethemtotakepartin______.
10. WashingtonandLeeworkedtogetherwithparentsas______tohelpminoritiesataspecialpre-enrollmentsession.
11. Moreattentionshouldbepaidtoincreasethegraduationrateofminoritiesinorderto______.
PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)
SectionA
Directions:
Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnsw
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