The Discussion about Collocation in English Study131205.docx
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TheDiscussionaboutCollocationinEnglishStudy131205
TheDiscussionaboutCollocation
inEnglishStudy
NAME:
XXXXXXXX
MAJOR:
ENGLISH
NO.:
11CXXXXXX
SupervisedbyXXXXX(Prof.)
December2013
CONTENTS
Acknowledgement…………………………………………………………………….……3
Abstract&keywords…………………………………………………………………….4
I、INTRODCTION…………………………………………………………………….…5
II、THEEXPLAINSOFENGLISHCOLLOCATION……………………………………5
2.1ThedevelopmentofEnglishcollocation………………………………………………5
2.2TheconceptofEnglishcollocation……………………………………………………5
III、THEUSEOFENGLISHCOLLOCATION…………………………………………7
3.1Theprinciplesofthecollocation………………………………………………………7
3.2Themaintypesofthecollocation………………………………………………………8
3.3Therestrictionsofthecollocation………………………………………………………9
3.3.1Therestrictionofsemantic………………………………………………………….9
3.3.2Therestrictionsoflanguageenvironmentandhabits…………………………………10
IV、THEIMPROVEMENTOFENGLISHCOLLOCATION…………………………11
4.1Theimportanceofthecollocationofconsciousness……………………………………11
4.2TheproblemsexistedintheEnglishcollocation………………………………………12
4.2.1Semanticlimitcollocationproblem……………………………………………….…12
4.2.2ThecollocationproblemsofEnglishlanguagehabits…………………………………12
4.2.3Negativetransferofnativelanguageaffectthecollocationoftheproblem……………12
4.2.4Errorsofthederivative……………………………………………….……………13
4.3Howtoavoidandreducetheerrorsofcollocation…………………………………13
4.3.1Lexicalcollocationmodel……………………………………………….……………13
Syntaxcollocationmodel……………………………………………….………………13
4.2.2ExpansethelearningofEnglishvocabulary……………………………………………14
4.2.3ReadmoreEnglishoriginal……………………………………………….……………14
4.2.4UseEnglish-Englishdictionary…………………………………………..…….………15
4.2.5Emphasisonlanguagedomainstudy……………………………………………..……15
V、CONCLUSION……………………………………………….…………………………15
Bibliography……………………………………………….………………………………...16
Acknowledgements
MydeepestgratitudegoesfirstandforemosttoProfessorYangQinyong,mysupervisor,forhisconstantencouragementandguidance.Hehaswalkedmethroughallthestagesofthewritingofthisthesis.Withouthisconsistentandilluminatinginstruction,thisthesiscouldnothavereacheditspresentform.
Second,IwouldliketoexpressmyheartfeltgratitudetoProfessorYangQinyong,wholedmeintotheworldoftranslation.IamalsogreatlyindebtedtotheprofessorsandteachersattheDepartmentofEnglish,allofthemhaveinstructedandhelpedmealotinthepasttwoyears.
Lastmythankswouldgotomybelovedfamilyfortheirlovingconsiderationsandgreatconfidenceinmeallthroughtheseyears.Ialsoowemysinceregratitudetomyfriendsandmyfellowclassmateswhogavemetheirhelpandtimeinlisteningtomeandhelpingmeworkoutmyproblemsduringthedifficultcourseofthethesis.
TheDiscussionaboutCollocationinEnglishStudy
WrittenbyXXXXX(11CXXX)
SupervisedbyXXXX(Prof.)
Abstract:
TheessayintroducedthedevelopmentandtheconceptofEnglishcollocationtous.Theessaysumsuptheprinciplesandtypesofthecollocations,
Anditalsoanalyzedthecauseofcommoncollocation.Atlast,theauthorputforwardsomeresolutionstrategiestoavoidandreducethecollocationerrorsinlearningEnglish.
Keywords:
collocationcombinationsemanticlexicalchunk
Domainnegativetransfer
摘要:
本文向大家介绍了英语搭配的发展,概念.作者归纳整理了英语搭配的原则和类型,也探析了导致常见搭配的原因,并由此提出了一些在英语学习中避免和减少搭配错误的解决策略。
关键词:
搭配组合语义sematic词块lexicalchunk语域负迁移
I.Introduction
InthelearningofEnglish,weoftenencountersomecollocationswhichseemveryreasonable,butverypinchinfact.ItshowstousthatintheprocessofEnglishlearning,wearelackoftheabilitytograspthecollocationsofEnglish.TheseEnglishthatwesayingoutorwritingdownwillalwaysmakethenativespeakerpeoplefeelsunauthenticanddifficulttounderstand.
Comparedwiththegrammarandthevocabulary,collocationseemsveryweakinEnglish.However,theabilitytoacertainextentwillrestrictthelevelimprovementofEnglish.Therefore,basedonthegrammarandthevocabulary,strengthenedwiththeEnglishcollocationlearningisverynecessary.
II、TheExplainsofEnglishCollocation
2.1ThedevelopmentofEnglishcollocation
Accordingtothestudyoftheevolutionofthecollocation,wecandividedthecollocationintodifferentgenres
2.1.1Inthe1950s,Firthschoolputforwardtheconceptofwordcollocationinthefirstplace;
2.1.2Inthe1960s,Neo-Firthschoolofwordslearningsystem,HallidayandSinclair,representativesofNewFlamencoschool,probedintothecollocationtheoryandvarietyofrelatedissuesstepbystep;
2.1.3Inthe1970s2,Linguistsputforwardthemethodologyofcollocationresearch,anddevelopedsometentativepaths.ItincludedsomearguesynthesisofMitchell,discoursecoherenceconceptofHalliday&Hasan,collocationstudypracticesofBolingerandetc.;
2.1.4From1980suptonow,variousresearchresultsofcollocationbegantoemerge,SinclairusedtheCorpusdriventoinvestigatethebehaviorsandsemanticsofword,thatistosay,byusingthemethodofcorpusretrievaltodoresearchwildlyonthecollocation.
2.2TheconceptofEnglishcollocation
2.2.1Linguistsstudiedcollocationfromdifferentemphasisindifferentperiods.FirthputforwardtheconceptCOLLOCATIONfirstly,,itmeansonewordslinktogetherwithotherwordscustomarily“Youshallknowawordbythecompanyitkeeps.(由词之结伴可知其词)”HepointedoutthatthecollocationwasarelationshipofCOMPANION.Hethoughtthatotherwordswhichcompaniedwiththewordcouldembodiedthemeaningoftheword.Inapassage,thefixedorcustomarypositionmakethewordtermsexpectandpredicteachother;
2.2.2Hallidaythoughtcollocationwasaneffectivecohesionmethodinamassage.Lexisseemstorequiretherecognitionmerelyoflinearco-occurrencetogetherwithsomemeasureofsignificantproximity,eitherascaleoratleastacut-offpoint.Itisthissyntagmaticrelationwhichisreferredtoas“collocation”.
2.2.3Kejellmerdefinedlikethat“Acollocationisasequenceofwordsthatoccurmorethanonceinidenticalformandwhichisgrammaticallywellstructured’
2.2.4WangZongyan(王宗炎)“搭配指的是一种制约,即某个词要与那个词用在一起,不如某个动词要与哪些名词用在一起等等。
”卫乃兴认为“词语搭配是在文本中实现一定的非成语意义并以一定的语法形式因循组合使用的一个词语序列,构成该序列的词语相互预期,以大于偶然的几率共现。
”
2.2.5OxfordAdvancedLearner'sEnglish-ChineseDictionaryexplainedthecollocationasbelow,
2.2.5.1acombinationofwordsinalanguage,thathappensveryoftenandmorefrequentlythanwouldhappenbychance词组,组合;
forexample,‘Resoundingsuccess’and‘cryingshame’areEnglishcollocations.译为:
Resoundingsuccess和cryingshame是英语里的两个搭配词组。
forexample,Advancedstudentsneedtobeawareoftheimportantofcollocation.层次较高的学生必须意识到词语搭配的重要性。
2.2.5.2thefactoftwoormorewordsoftenbeingusedtogether,inawaythathappensmorefrequentlythanwouldhappenbychance(词语的)搭配,连用.
forexample,youcansay:
Mealswillbeservedoutsideontheterrace,weatherpermitting.天气允许的话,将在露天座上用餐。
butyoucannotsay:
Mealswillbeservedoutsideontheterrace,weatherallowing.
2.2.5.3词典StudyPageB-4(研习专页)补充:
Whatiscollocation?
-Collocationisthewayinwhichparticularwordstendtooccurorbelongtogether.
Boththesesentencesseemtomeanthesamething(They'llbringusourmealsoutsideiftheweatherisgoodenough),ALLOWandPERMIThaveverysimilarmeanings.BUTinthiscombinationonlyPERMITTINGiscorrect.ITCOLLOCATESwithweatherandALLOWINGdoesnot.
III、THEUSEOFENGLISHCOLLOCATION
3.1Theprinciplesofthecollocation
3.1.1语法搭配(grammaticalcollocations)也叫句法搭配(wealsocalleditsyntacticcollocations),Itisacombinationwhichaccordingtothesyntacticrulesbetweenwordandword.Thefeatureofthegrammaticalisfixedcollocationandwordfreedom.Underthepremiseofstructurefixed,allthecollocationscanbeestablishedaslongastheusingofwordsarenotagainstlogic.
3.1.2词汇搭配(lexicalcollocations)即语义搭配(semanticcollocations),FromtheAngleofwordstoseethecollocationofwords,itreferstothecombinationbetweenthewordandworditself,thelexicalcollocationisrelativelylimited,closedandnotfree.Someword(orphrase)canbematchedwithafewword(orphrase)only。
3.1.3限制性搭配(restrictedcollocation)Includingidiomsandclosedcombinations.Somelinguistscalledtheidiomasthehabitualcollocation,Cowiecalledtheclosedcombinationas"semi-idioms"。
Cowiethoughtthattheidiomsshouldincludetransferredmeaning.Itmeansthatwecan’tgetthemeaningoftheidiomsfromthecomposition.However,theescapingandoriginalmeaningofthesemi-idiomsareexistsidebyside.Semi-idiomsarecompositedbytwocontentwords,onewordmeanstheoriginalmeaning,andanotherwordmeanstransferredmeaning.Thecommonpointoftheidiomsandenclosedcombinationisthattheyshouldnotbereplacedbyanywordsusually.Thedifferencesarethatidiomisdifficulttounderstandfromitsliteralmeaning,whiletheclosedcombinationcanbeunderstoodfromtheliteralmeaning.
3.1.4非限制性搭配(non-restrictivecollocations)wecalleditfreecombinationoropencombination。
Thewordsinthiskindofcollocationsareallowedreplacedfreely。
3.1.5有理据搭配(motivatedcollocations)Referstothecollocationsofstrongmotivation.Oughttosayinanyoneofthelanguages,themotivatedcollocationsalwaysexistinlargequantities,andalwaysmajority.
3.1.6无理据搭配(conventionalcollocations或nonmotivatedcollocations)Referstothecollocationsofweakmotivation.Thematchesarelackofrationalsense,theresultisestablishedbyusage.
Thereisnoastrictlimitlinebetweenmotivatedcollocationsandnonmotivatedcollocations,themotivationsofthewordcollocationscanbec
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