高考英语全国I卷真题与解析.docx
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高考英语全国I卷真题与解析.docx
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高考英语全国I卷真题与解析
2018年高考英语全国I卷真题
第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
Washington,D.C.BicycleToursCherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.
Duration:
3hours
Thissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworld-famouscherry
treeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington,D.C.Yourguidewillprovidea
historylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.
Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability–andthecherryblossoms–disappear!
WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour
Duration:
3hours(4miles)
Joinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsin
Washington,D.C.ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMall
asyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludes
bike,helmet,cookiesandbottledwater.
CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.
Duration:
3hours
MorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newcomers
andlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,D.C.inahealthywaywith
minimumeffort.Knowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemost
interestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute(路线)makecyclingbetweenthe
sitesfunandrelaxing.
WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour
Duration:
3hours(7miles)
Joinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartof
Washington,D.C.Getupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyoubikethe
sitesofCapitolHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,
andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.
21.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?
A.CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.
B.WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.
C.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.
D.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.
22.WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?
A.Meetfamouspeople.B.Gotoanationalpark.
C.Visitwell-knownmuseums.D.Enjoyinterestingstories.
23.Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide?
A.Citymaps.B.Cameras.C.Meals.D.Safetylights.
1
B
GoodMorningBritain’sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofa
everymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole—showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.
InSaveMoney:
GoodFoo,dshevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwith
thehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,while
preparingrecipesforunder5per£familyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritain
presentersaysshe’sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe’slearntintopracticeinhe
ownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.
“WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocal
Mexicantakeawayrestaurant,”sheexplains.“Ipaaypor£tio5nf(o一r份),bur
Mattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe’renotawarehowcheaply
wecanmakethisfoodourselves.”
Theeight-partseries(系列节目),SaveMoney:
GoodFood,followsinthe
footstepsofITVS’avseMoney:
GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhow
togetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.
Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspend
timewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight’sEasterspecialtheycometo
theaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteam
transformsthefamily’slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstill
tastyrecipes.
24.WhatdoweknowaboutSusannaReid?
A.Sheenjoysembarrassingherguests.
B.Shehasstartedanewprogramme.
C.Shedislikesworkingearlyinthemorning.
D.Shehashadatightbudgetforherfamily.
25.HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusanna?
A.Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher.
B.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.
C.Heassistsherincookingmatters.
D.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.
26.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4?
A.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.
B.Providesomeadviceforthereaders.
C.Addsomebackgroundinformation.
D.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.
27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmart
B.BalancingOurDailyDiet
C.MakingYourselfaPerfectChef
D.CookingWellforLess
2
C
Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butin
recenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groups
developedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Some
languageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfiveto
tenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.
Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecome
farmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.In
recentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateand
thespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbetter
communicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagesto
disappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.
Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionofthese
languagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelatively
fewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,often
spokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericas
about1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhich
PapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber中(位
数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesare
spokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.
Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction
(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,Busuuin
Cameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),Lipan
ApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,witha
question-mark):
noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.
28.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?
A.Theydevelopedveryfast.B.Theywerelargeinnumber.
C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.D.Theywerecloselyconnected.
29.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinparagraph2?
A.Complex.B.Advanced.
C.Powerful.D.Modern.
30.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?
A.About6,800.B.About3,400.
C.About2,400.D.About1,200.
31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?
A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.
B.People’slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.
C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.
D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.
3
D
Wemaythinkwe’reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirst
sightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(装置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That’sbadnewsforthe
environment—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmore
energythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.
Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittand
hercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedthe
environmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife—fromwhenits
mineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovideda
readoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-set
TVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3
players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsand
e-readersshowedupin2007.
Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn’tthrowoutouroldones.“Theliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids’room,and
suddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse,”saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.We’renotjustkeepingtheseolddewvieces—
continuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt’steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions排(放)more
thandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.
Sowhat’sthesolutio解n决(方案)?
Theteam’sdataonlywentupto2007,but
theresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedold
productswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatablet
forwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demand
entertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscould
cutenergyconsumptionby44%.
32.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?
A.Theyareenvironment-friendly.
B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.
C.Theycostmoretouseathome.
D.Theygooutofstylequickly.
33.WhydidBabbitt’steamconducttheresearch?
A.Toreducethecostofminerals.
B.Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.
C.Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.
D.Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.
34.Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?
A.Thebox-setTV.B.Thetablet.
C.TheLCDTV.D.Thedesktopcomputer.
4
35.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?
A.Stopusingthem.B.Takethemapart.
C.Upgradethem.D.Recyclethem.
第
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