西方文化鉴赏.docx
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西方文化鉴赏.docx
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西方文化鉴赏
Proteus((Greekmythology)apropheticgodwhoservedPoseidon;wascapableofchanginghisshapeatwill)
Proteus,genusProteus(typegenusoftheProteidae)
【希神】普罗秋斯,变幻无定的海神
[proteus]容易变的东西;三心二意[反复无常]的人;【动】变形杆菌属;变形虫(阿米巴的旧名)
【动】盲螈属
NereusandProteus
纳鲁斯和普鲁吐斯
OfallthesmallseadivinitiesNereusandProteusstoodoutasPeculiarsea-gods.Nereus,knownas“theOldManofthesea”,representedthepleasantaspectofoceanwaters.Helivedbeneaththeseawithhisfiftylovelydaughters,ofwhomthemostfamouswereAmphritrite,Thetis,GalateaandPanope.ItwasNereuswhoadvisedHeraclestoseekPrometheusinthehero'ssearchofthegoldenapples.
ProteuswasPoseidon'sherdsman.Hewaswellknownfortwoqualities:
thegiftofprophecyandthepowertotakevariousforms.Atonetimehewasalionwithacurlywavyhairs;atanotherheappearedintheshapeofawildboar;andstillanotherhestoodastatelytreecoveredwithrichleaves.When,afteralltheseandmanyotherchanges,hefailedtogetridofhisquestioner,thegodoffereddetailedanswers.
在所有的小海神中,纳鲁斯和普鲁吐斯异常独特。
纳鲁斯是人们熟知的“海中的老人”。
他代表了海水友善的一面。
他和50个可爱的女儿一起生活在海中。
她们当中最著名的有;安菲瑞垂托、塞提丝、盖拉蒂和潘诺珀。
在勇敢地寻觅金苹果的时候,纳鲁斯建议赫格立斯寻找普罗米修斯。
普鲁吐斯是波塞冬的牧羊人。
他有两种非凡的能力:
他能预言,他还能够变成不同的动物。
有时他是一头狮子,有着波浪般的卷发。
有时他是一头凶猛的野猪。
而有时他又是一棵枝叶繁茂、外表威严的大树。
经过这些变化之后,当他无法摆脱询问者时,神就替他作出详尽的回答。
Proteus
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ThisarticleisaboutProteusinGreekmythology.Forothermeanings,seeProteus(disambiguation).
"Protean"redirectshere.Forotheruses,seeProtean(disambiguation).
InGreekmythology,Proteusisanearlysea-god,oneofseveraldeitieswhomHomercallsthe"OldManoftheSea"[1],whosenamesuggeststhe"first",asprotogonosisthe"primordial"orthe"firstborn".HebecamethesonofPoseidonintheOlympiantheogony(Odysseyiv.432),orofNereusandDoris,orofOceanusandaNaiad,andwasmadetheherdsmanofPoseidon'sseals,thegreatbullsealatthecenteroftheharem.Hecanforetellthefuture,but,inamythemefamiliarfromseveralcultures,willchangehisshapetoavoidhavingto;hewillansweronlytosomeonewhoiscapableofcapturinghim.FromthisfeatureofProteuscomestheadjectiveprotean,withthegeneralmeaningof"versatile","mutable","capableofassumingmanyforms":
"Protean"haspositiveconnotationsofflexibility,versatilityandadaptability.
ThemythofProteus
Proteusas"seen"byAndreaAlciato
AccordingtoHomer(Odysseyiv:
412),thesandynationofPharossituatedoffthecoastoftheNileDeltawasthehomeofProteus,theoracularOldManoftheSeaandherdsmanofthesea-beasts.IntheOdyssey,MenelausrelatestoTelemachusthathehadbeenbecalmedhereonhisjourneyhomefromtheTrojanWar.HelearnedfromProteus'daughter,Eidothea("theveryimageoftheGoddess"),thatifhecouldcaptureherfatherhecouldforcehimtorevealwhichofthegodshehadoffended,andhowhecouldpropitiatethemandreturnhome.Proteusemergedfromtheseatosleepamonghiscolonyofseals,butMenelauswasholdingontohim,thoughProteustooktheformsofalion,aserpent,aleopard,apig,evenofwateroratree.Proteusthenansweredtruthfully,furtherinformingMenelausthathisbrotherAgamemnonhadbeenmurderedonhisreturnhome,thatAjaxtheLesserhadbeenshipwreckedandkilled,andthatOdysseuswasstrandedonCalypso'sIsleOgygia.
AccordingtoVirgilinthefourthGeorgic,atonetimethebeesofAristaeus,sonofApollo,alldiedofadisease.Aristaeuswenttohismother,Cyrene,forhelp;shetoldhimthatProteuscouldtellhimhowtopreventanothersuchdisaster,butwoulddosoonlyifcompelled.AristaeushadtoseizeProteusandholdhim,nomatterwhathewouldchangeinto.Aristeusdidso,andProteuseventuallygaveupandtoldhimtosacrifice12animalstothegods,leavethecorpsesintheplaceofsacrifice,andreturnthreedayslater.WhenAristaeusreturnedafterthethreedayshefoundinoneofthecarcassesaswarmofbees,whichhetooktohisapiary.Thebeeswereneveragaintroubledbydisease.
ThechildrenofProteusincludebesidesEidothea,PolygonosandTelegonos,whobothchallengedHeraclesandweredefeatedandkilled,oneofHeracles'manysuccessfulencounterswithrepresentativesofthepre-Olympianworldorder.
ProteusofEgypt
Mainarticle:
ProteusofEgypt
IntheOdyssey(iv.430ff)Menelauswrestleswith"ProteusofEgypt,theimmortaloldmanoftheseawhoneverlies,whosoundsthedeepinallitsdepths,Poseidon'sservant"(RobertFagles'translation).ProteusofEgyptismentionedinanalternateversionofthestoryofHeleninEuripides'tragedyHelen(producedin412BC).Theoftenunconventionalplaywrightintroducesa"real"Helenanda"phantom"Helen(whocausedtheTrojanWar),andgivesabackstorythatmakesthefatherofhischaracterTheoclymenus,Proteus,akinginEgyptwhohadbeenwedtoaNereidPsamathe.InkeepingwithoneofhisthemesinHelen,EuripidesmentionsinpassingEido("image"),anotherunseendaughteroftheking.Euripides'king(neverseen)isonlymarginallyrelatedtothe"OldManoftheSea"[2]andshouldnotbeconfusedwiththeseagodProteus.
AtPharos—inHellenistictimesthesiteoftheLighthouseofAlexandria—akingofEgyptnamedProteuswelcomedDionysusintheyounggod'swanderings.
AfurtherProteusoccursinGreekmyth,asoneofthefiftysonsofKingAegyptus.
Biology
ManyorganismsinbiologytaketheirnamefromProteus.Theseinclude:
1.TwogeneraoforganismshavethenameProteus:
oProteusisabacterialgenuswithinthemedicallyimportantgroupofEnterobacteriaceae.SpeciesmostcommonlyassociatedwithclinicaldiseaseareProteusmirabilis,ProteusvulgarisandProteuspenneri.Proteusspeciesarenotoriousinmedicalmicrobiologicallaboratoriesbecauseoftheirrapidswarminggrowthoncommonlyusedagarplates.Noteworthyistheabilityofthesespeciestoinhibitgrowthofunrelatedstrainsresultinginamacroscopicallyvisiblelineofreducedbacterialgrowthwheretwoswarmingstrainsintersect.ThislineisnamedDieneslineafteritsdiscovererLouisDienes.
oProteus,anamphibiangenuswithinthefamilyProteidae,consistingofasinglespeciesProteusanguinuswithtwosubspeciesProteusanguinusanguinusLaurenti1768,ProteusanguinusparkeljSket&Arnzten1994.
2.ThemostrepresentativespeciesofthegenusAmoebanamedAmoebaproteus.
3.ThebacterialphylumProteobacteria.
4.ThegenusProtea,endemictotheCapeFloralKingdom,arenamedinhonourofthegodforthewidevarietyofformsthattheirblossomspresent.
"Proteus"and"protean"inEnglish
Fromhistransformingnature,andmultifariousaspectscomesouradjective"protean".A"proteancareer"wouldembracemanyhumanconcerns.Forexample,LeonardodaVinciwasapainter,sculptor,scientistanddesigneroffortifications:
hiscareerwas"protean".
ProteussyndromeisthenamegiventothedeformingdiseasethatmayhaveafflictedJosephMerrick,"TheElephantMan".Althoughdifficulttodifferentiatefromsevereneurofibromatosis,therehavebeenabout100casesofProteussyndromeoverthelastfewdecades.
与Proteus有关的句子
1.ThecomputeristheProteusofmachines,asittakesonathousandformsandservesathousandfunctions.
计算机是一种变化多端、神通广大的机器,因为它显示一千种图象,发挥一千种功能。
2.Anyofvariousgram-negative,rod-shapedbacteriaofthegenusProteus,certainspeciesofwhichareassociatedwithhumanenteritisandurinarytractinfections.
变形杆菌任何一种革兰氏阴性的杆状变形杆菌属细菌,某些变形杆
AfreedomofPan逍遥自在
Pann.
【希神】半人半羊的畜牧神,潘神
顺乎自然的精神;信奉异教;基督教前的世界
Pan:
(Greekmythology)godoffieldsandwoodsandshepherdsandflocks;representedasamanwithgoat'slegsandhornsandears;identifiedwithRomanSylvanusorFaunus
Pann.widemetalvesselusedincooking.(incombination)
pan
词性及解释
n.平锅,浅盘,盆地,硬土层,拍摄全景
vt.上下左右移动,摇镜头,淘洗,淘金
vi.上下左右移动,摇镜头,淘洗,淘金
【化】底盘
【医】锅,盘
Pan(mythology)
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Pan
Panteachinghiseromenos,theshepherdDaphnis,toplaythepanpipes2ndcenturyADRomancopyofGreekoriginalca.100BCattributedtoHeliodorus(foundinPompeii)
Godofshepherdsandflocks,ofmountainwildsandrusticmusic
Pan(Greek,genitive),inGreekreligionandmythology,isthecompanionofthenymphs,[1]godofshepherdsandflocks,ofmountainwilds,huntingandrusticmusic.HisnameoriginateswithintheGreeklanguage,fromthewordpaein,meaning"topasture".[2]Hehasthehindquarters,legs,andhornsofagoat,inthesamemannerasafaunorsatyr.WithhishomelandinrusticArcadia,heisrecognizedasthegodoffields,groves,andwoodedglens;becauseofthis,Panisconnectedtofertilityandtheseasonofspring.
InRomanmythology,Pan'scounterpartwasFaunus,anaturespiritwhowasthefatherofBonaDea(Fauna).Inthe18thand19thcenturies,PanbecameasignificantfigureintheromanticistmovementofwesternEurope,andalsointhe20thcenturyNeopaganmovement.[3]
Origins
Inhisearliestappearanceinliterature,Pindar'sPythianOdeiii.78,[4]Panappearsasthe"agent","guardian"or"attendant"oftheGreatGoddess(Cybele).
TheparentageofPanisunclear;[5]insomemythsheisthesonofZeus,thoughgenerallyheisthesonofHermesorDionysus,withwhomhismotherissaidtobeanymph,sometimesDryopeor,inNonnus,Dionysiaca(14.92),aPenelopeofMantineiainArcadia.[6]FollowingPlato'sinventiveetymology,[7]hisnameissometimesmistakenlythoughttobeidenticaltotheGreekwordpan,meaning"all",whenitismorelikelytobecognatewithpaein,"topasture",andtoshareanoriginwiththemodernEnglishword"pasture".In1924,Herma
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