高考英语二轮复习 科普知识阅读理解4II.docx
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高考英语二轮复习 科普知识阅读理解4II.docx
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高考英语二轮复习科普知识阅读理解4II
2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习科普知识阅读理解(4)(II)
科普知识(阅读理解)由(xx陕西,C)改编
Eatingtoomuchfattyfood,exercisingtoolittleandsmokingcanraiseyourfutureriskofheartdisease.Butthereisanotherfactorthatcancauseyourheartproblemsmoreimmediately:
theairyoubreathe.
Previousstudieshavelinkedhighexposure(暴露)toenvironmentalpollutiontoanincreasedriskofheartproblems,buttwoanalysesnowshowthatpoorairqualitycanleadtoheartattackorstroke(中风)withinaslittleasafewhoursafterexposure.Inonereviewoftheresearch,scientistsfoundthatpeopleexposedtohighlevelsofpollutants(污染物)wereupto5%morelikelytosufferaheartattackwithindaysofexposurethanthosewithlowerexposure.AseparatestudyofstrokepatientsshowedthatevenairthattheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)considerstobeof“moderate”(良好)qualityandrelativelysafeforourhealthcanraisetheriskofstrokeasmuchas34%within12to14hoursofexposure.
Theauthorsofbothstudiesstressthattheserisksarerelativelysmallforhealthypeopleandcertainlymodestparedwithotherriskfactorssuchassmokingandhighbloodpressure.However,itisimportanttobeawareofthesedangersbecauseeveryoneisexposedtoairpollutionregardlessoflifestylechoices.SostricterregulationbytheEPAofpollutantsmaynotonlyimproveenvironmentalairqualitybutcouldalsobeenecessarytoprotectpublichealth.
1.Thetextmainlydiscussestherelationshipbetween .
A.heartproblemsandairquality
B.heartproblemsandexercising
C.heartproblemsandsmoking
D.heartproblemsandfattyfood
2.Theunderlinedword“modest”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans .
A.relativelyhighB.extremelylow
C.relativelylowD.extremelyhigh
3.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?
( )
A.Eatingfattyfoodhasimmediateeffectsonyourheart.
B.TheEPAconductedmanystudiesonairquality.
C.Moderateairqualityismoreharmfulthansmoking.
D.Stricterregulationsonpollutantsshouldbemade.
4.Theauthor’spurposeofwritingthetextismostlikelyto .
A.informB.persuade
C.describeD.entertain
语篇解读:
本文为说明文,题材为科普知识类,从文章中读者可以得知空气污染也是导致心脏出问题的一个重要因素。
答案及剖析:
1.A 主旨大意题。
文章第一段的第二句话就已将本文主旨告知:
“...thereisanotherfactorthatcancauseyourheartproblemsmoreimmediately:
theairyoubreathe.”故选择A项。
2.C 猜测词义题。
文章第三段第一句和第二句主要内容是:
虽然空气污染这个因素对于健康人士来说危害相对小,并且相对于其他因素来说空气污染的危害比较低,但是我们不能忽视它。
根据上下文句意选择C项。
3.D 推理判断题。
根据文章第三段的最后一句“Sostricterregulation...maynotonlyimproveenvironmentalairqualitybutcouldalsobeenecessarytoprotectpublichealth.”可知应选择D项。
4.A 主旨大意题。
根据全文可以发现,作者希望通过本文告知读者空气污染对心脏有危害,希望大家在关注这一情况的同时注意环境的保护,故选择A项inform告知,通知。
B劝说;C描述;D娱乐。
【长难句子分析】
在关于这项调查的一个述评中,科学家发现,经过几天之后,接触污染物多的人要比接触污染物少的人患心脏病的几率高5%。
在读此句时,有可能因为定语和状语而无法理解句意,因此可将句中的定语和状语画出,留下主要成分:
Inonereviewoftheresearch,scientistsfoundthatpeopleexposedtohighlevelsofpollutants(污染物)wereupto5%morelikelytosufferaheartattackwithindaysofexposurethanthosewithlowerexposure.
阅读理解。
阅读下列短文,从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
【xx·山东省泰安市高三第一轮复习质量检测】
TheWorldBankestimatesthereareabout650millionmobilephoneusersinAfricancountriessouthoftheSaharaDesert.ThatisgreaterthanthenumberofusersintheUnitedStatesandEuropeanUnion.
SamiaMelhemworksfortheWorldBanktoincreaseinformationtechnologiesinAfrica.Shesaysmobilephonesarethefastestgrowingtechnologyonthecontinent.
“FasterthanTV,anddefinitelyfasterthanelectricity.Morepeoplehaveaccesstomobilephonesandthereforemunication.MorepeoplehaveInternetaccesstodayinAfricathantheyhaveaccesstowater,cleanwater,orevensanitation(卫生设备).SowecansaythatthishasbeenthemostsignificantrevolutionintermsofchangingtheAfricanlandscapeandhowpeoplelivetheirdailylife.”
CNNtelevisionrecentlynamedsevenwaysoflifethathavebeenrevolutionizedbecauseofmobilephones.Theyincludepoliticalactivism,education,entertainment,disastermanagement,agricultureandhealth.
Anotherareaisbanking.ReportssayhalformoreoftheadultsinGabon,KenyaandSudanusemobilemoney.ReneMendysellsgoodsinthestreetsofDakar,Senegal.Butheneverhadenoughmoneytoopenabankaccount.
NowheusesamobilephonebankingservicecalledOrangeMoney.Withhistelephone,hecanaddortakeoutaslittleasonedollar.Hecanmakepaymentsandsendmoneytofamilymemberswholivefaraway.
OrangeMoneysaysitservesfourmillioncustomersintencountries.TheWorldBank’sSamiaMelhemnotesthattheFrenchpanyisfacingpetitionfromothermobilebankingservices.
“Themobilebankingisahugetrend.AndpeopleintheWestdon’tunderstandit,becausemostpeoplehavebankaccountsandcreditcards.It—mobilebanking—istheinstantpossessionofcashatamuchlowercost.Thecostisthecostofsendingamessage,whichisalmostnothingparedtowhattraditionaltransferagents,likeWesternUnion,wouldcharge10dollarsormoreforaparticularmoneytransfer.”
1.Whichcountryorareahasthemostmobilephoneusersaccordingtothetext?
A.TheUSA. B.EuropeanUnion.
C.Africancountries. D.France.
2.Themostsignificantrevolutionrefersto________.
A.sevenwaysofliferevolutionizedbecauseofmobilephones
B.morepeoplehavingaccesstocleanwater
C.mobilephonesbeingthefastestgrowingtechnologyinAfrica
D.thefastdevelopmentofelectricityinAfrica
3.UsingOrangeMoney,peoplecan________.
A.addortakeoutaslittleas10dollars
B.payforwhattheywanttobuy
C.onlysendmoneytofamilymembers
D.dealwithanyfinancialproblems
4.MostpeopleintheWestdon’tusemobilebankingbecause________.
A.theyhavebankaccountsandcreditcards
B.theyallhavemuchmoney
C.mobilebankingcostsfewdollars
D.mobilebankingishardtounderstand
5.Thetextismainlyabout________.
A.howpeoplelivetheirlifeinAfrica
B.mobilephoneshavechangedlivesinAfrica
C.mobilephonesarethefastestgrowingtechnology
D.themobilebankingisahugetrend
语篇解读 本文主要讲述了手机改变了非洲人的生活。
1.解析:
考查推理判断。
根据文章第一段的内容可知,非洲国家使用手机的数量超过美国和欧盟,由此可知C项正确。
答案:
C
2.解析:
考查推理判断。
根据文章第二段的第二句“Shesaysmobilephonesarethefastestgrowingtechnologyonthecontinent.”以及第三段的内容可知,手机成为非洲大陆上发展最迅速的科技是(改变非洲前景)最重要的变革,故选C。
答案:
C
3.解析:
考查细节理解。
根据第六段的第二、三两句“Withhistelephone,hecanaddortakeoutaslittleasonedollar.Hecanmakepaymentsandsendmoneytofamilymemberswholivefaraway.”可知,使用OrangeMoney人们可以支付他们想买的东西,故B项正确。
答案:
B
4.解析:
考查细节理解。
根据最后一段的第二句“AndpeopleintheWestdon’tunderstandit,becausemostpeoplehavebankaccountsandcreditcards.”可知,大多数西方人不用手机银行的原因是他们有银行账户和信用卡,故A项正确。
答案:
A
5.解析:
考查主旨大意。
通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了手机改变了非洲人的生活,故B项正确。
答案:
B。
阅读理解。
阅读下列短文,从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
【xx·皖南八校联考】
InternationalBookClub
Haveyoueverthoughtofjoiningabookclubandbuyingnewbooksthroughthepost?
HereattheInternationalBookClub,wealreadyhavemanymembersbuyingbooksfromusbymail.
Immediatebenefits:
•Asaspecialoffer,youmaychooseanyreducedpricebooksfromournewmembers’booklist,tothevalueof$6intotal(pluspostageandpacking).Bydoingthis,youwillsavepoundsonthepublishers’prices.
•Ticktheboxonyourformtoorderafreewatch.
•Ifyoureplywithinsevendays,wewillsendyouanotherfreegiftcarefullychosenfromourbooklistbyourstaff
•OrderaDVDfromthemanyonofferinourlist,athalftheremendedretailprice.
Whenyou’vejoined:
Asamember,you’llenjoysavingsofbetween30%and50%offthepublisher’spriceoneverybookyoubuy,andwhat’smore,they’llestraighttoyourdoor.Yourfreeclubmagazinearrivesonceamonth,tokeepyouuptodatewiththelatestbestsellers.Thismeansthateveryyearweofferover1,000bookstochoosefrom.OntheInternet,youcanfindallourtitlesfortheyearonourexclusivemembers’website.
Beingamember:
Allweareaskingyoutodowhileyouareamemberistochoosefourbooksduringyourfirstyear.Afterthat,youcandecideonthenumberofbooksyouwishtotake.
Ineachofourmonthlyclubmagazines,ourexperiencedstaffchooseaClubChoicebook—aworkoffictionorareferencetitlewhichtheyfeelisparticularlyworthbuying,andwhichisofferedatanextraspecialprice.However,ifyoudonotwantthisbook,justsaysointhespaceprovidedontheform.Wewillalwayssendthebookifwedonotreceivethis.
So,returnyourapplicationformtoday,buthurry—it’snoteverydaywecanmakeyouanofferlikethis.Toapplytobeeamember,allyouneedtodoissimplyfillintheenclosedformandreturnitinthepostagepaidenvelopesupplied.
Beforeyouknowit,yourbookswillbewithyou.Pleasedon’tsendanymoneynow,aswewillsendyouyourbillwiththebooks.Andremember,youhaveuptoafortnighttodecideifyouwishtokeepthebooksyouhaveordered.Youshouldtheneitherreturnthebooksorsendyourpayment.
1.Whichofthefollowingdoesn’tbelongtothebenefitsofbeingaclubmember?
A.Getfourbooksforfreeinthefirstyear.
B.Orderafreewatch.
C.Getagiftfornothing.
D.OrderaDVDatalowprice.
2.Everymonththeclubprovidesafreeclubmagazineinorderto________.
A.letreadersknowthenumberofbookstobesold
B.keepreaderswellinformedofrecentbestsellingbooks
C.makereadersknowtheclub’sdevelopment
D.attractmoreandmorereaderstojointheclub
3.Ifabookisworth$100,howmuchwillamemberprobablysaveifhebuysone?
A.$20. B.$40.
C.$60. D.$70.
4.Whatshouldyoudoifyouwanttojointhebookclub?
A.Justfillinaformwithpersonalinformationandsendtheclubanemail.
B.Askotherclubmemberstoremendyoutotheclub.
C.Fillinanapplicationformwithneededinformationandreturnittotheclub.
D.Applyforamembershipcard.
5.Afteryougetyourbooks,youshould________
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