Robert Lee Frost.docx
- 文档编号:9826044
- 上传时间:2023-02-06
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:16
- 大小:29.72KB
Robert Lee Frost.docx
《Robert Lee Frost.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《Robert Lee Frost.docx(16页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
RobertLeeFrost
RobertLeeFrost
RobertLeeFrost,b.SanFrancisco,Mar.26,1874,d.Boston,Jan.29,1963,wasoneofAmerica'sleading20th-centurypoetsandafour-timewinnerofthePulitzerPrize.AnessentiallypastoralpoetoftenassociatedwithruralNewEngland,Frostwrotepoemswhosephilosophicaldimensionstranscendanyregion.Althoughhisverseformsaretraditional--heoftensaid,inadigatarchrivalCarlSandburg,thathewouldassoonplaytenniswithoutanetaswritefreeverse--hewasapioneerintheinterplayofrhythmandmeterandinthepoeticuseofthevocabularyandinflectionsofeverydayspeech.Hispoetryisthusbothtraditionalandexperimental,regionalanduniversal.
Afterhisfather'sdeathin1885,whenyoungFrostwas11,thefamilyleftCaliforniaandsettledinMassachusetts.Frostattendedhighschoolinthatstate,enteredDartmouthCollege,butremainedlessthanonesemester.ReturningtoMassachusetts,hetaughtschoolandworkedinamillandasanewspaperreporter.In1894hesold"MyButterfly:
AnElegy"toTheIndependent,aNewYorkliteraryjournal.AyearlaterhemarriedElinorWhite,withwhomhehadsharedvaledictorianhonorsatLawrence(Mass.)HighSchool.From1897to1899heattendedHarvardCollegeasaspecialstudentbutleftwithoutadegree.Overthenexttenyearshewrote(butrarelypublished)poems,operatedafarminDerry,NewHampshire(purchasedforhimbyhispaternalgrandfather),andsupplementedhisincomebyteachingatDerry'sPinkertonAcademy.
In1912,attheageof38,hesoldthefarmandusedtheproceedstotakehisfamilytoEngland,wherehecoulddevotehimselfentirelytowriting.Hiseffortstoestablishhimselfandhisworkwerealmostimmediatelysuccessful.ABoy'sWillwasacceptedbyaLondonpublisherandbroughtoutin1913,followedayearlaterbyNorthofBoston.FavorablereviewsonbothsidesoftheAtlanticresultedinAmericanpublicationofthebooksbyHenryHoltandCompany,Frost'sprimaryAmericanpublisher,andintheestablishingofFrost'stransatlanticreputation.
Aspartofhisdeterminedeffortsonhisownbehalf,FrosthadcalledonseveralprominentliteraryfiguressoonafterhisarrivalinEngland.OneofthesewasEzraPOUND,whowrotethefirstAmericanreviewofFrost'sverseforHarrietMunroe'sPoetrymagazine.(ThoughhedislikedPound,FrostwaslaterinstrumentalinobtainingPound'sreleasefromlongconfinementinaWashington,D.C.,mentalhospital.)Frostwasmorefavorablyimpressedandmorelastinglyinfluencedbytheso-calledGeorgianpoetsLascellesAbercrombie,RupertBROOKE,andT.E.Hulme,whoseruralsubjectsandstyleweremoreinkeepingwithhisown.WhilelivingneartheGeorgiansinGloucestershire,FrostbecameespeciallyclosetoabroodingWelshmannamedEdwardThomas,whomheurgedtoturnfromprosetopoetry.Thomasdidso,dedicatinghisfirstandonlyvolumeofversetoFrostbeforehisdeathinWorldWarI.
TheFrostssailedfortheUnitedStatesinFebruary1915andlandedinNewYorkCitytwodaysaftertheU.S.publicationofNorthofBoston(thefirstofhisbookstobepublishedinAmerica).SalesofthatbookandofABoy'sWillenabledFrosttobuyafarminFranconia,N.H.;toplacenewpoemsinliteraryperiodicalsandpublishathirdbook,MountainInterval(1916);andtoembarkonalongcareerofwriting,teaching,andlecturing.In1924hereceivedaPulitzerPrizeinpoetryforNewHampshire(1923).HewaslaudedagainforCollectedPoems(1930),AFurtherRange(1936),andAWitnessTree(1942).Overtheyearshereceivedanunprecedentednumberandrangeofliterary,academic,andpublichonors.
Frost'simportanceasapoetderivesfromthepowerandmemorabilityofparticularpoems."TheDeathoftheHiredMan"(fromNorthofBoston)combineslyricanddramaticpoetryinblankverse."AfterApple-Picking"(fromthesamevolume)isafree-versedreampoemwithphilosophicalundertones."MendingWall"(alsopublishedinNorthofBoston)demonstratesFrost'ssimultaneouscommandoflyricalverse,dramaticconversation,andironiccommentary."TheRoadNotTaken"and"Birches"(fromMountainInterval)andtheoft-studied"StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening"(fromNewHampshire)exemplifyFrost'sabilitytojointhepastoralandphilosophicalmodesinlyricsofunforgettablebeauty.
Frost'spoeticandpoliticalconservatismcausedhimtolosefavorwithsomeliterarycritics,buthisreputationasamajorpoetissecure.Heunquestionablysucceededinrealizinghislife'sambition:
towrite"afewpoemsitwillbehardtogetridof."
SelectedReading
StoppingByWoodsOnASnowyEvening
byRobertFrost
WhosewoodstheseareIthinkIknow.
Hishouseisinthevillagethough;
Hewillnotseemestoppinghere
Towatchhiswoodsfillupwithsnow.
Mylittlehorsemustthinkitqueer
Tostopwithoutafarmhousenear
Betweenthewoodsandfrozenlake
Thedarkesteveningoftheyear.
Hegiveshisharnessbellsashake
Toaskifthereissomemistake.
Theonlyothersound'sthesweep
Ofeasywindanddownyflake.
Thewoodsarelovely,darkanddeep.
ButIhavepromisestokeep,
AndmilestogobeforeIsleep,
AndmilestogobeforeIsleep
QuestionsforReview
1.What'sthepossiblethemeofthepoem?
2.Whataretherhythmandtherhymescheme?
3.What'sthetoneofthepoemandhowisitestablished?
4.What'sthefunctionoftherepetitioninthelasttwolines?
Comment
Withveryfewwords,Frostherecreatesasenseofbroodingmysteryasthespeakerstopshishorseinadesolatelandscapebetweenwoodsandfrozenlake.Theattractionofthewoodsistheirdarkness,theintimationtheyofferoflosingoneselfinthem.Thespeakergazesintothemwithakindofwishfulness,whilehishorseshakeshisbells,remindertogetonwiththebusinessofliving.Therepetitioninthelasttwolinesdenotesaliteralrecognitionthatthespeakermustmoveonandconnotesthatthereismuchtobedonebeforelifeends.Hisexperienceofgazingintothewoodsisjust"amomentarystayagainstconfusion"(Frost'swords)thatsendsthespeakerbacktolifewithasenseofrenewal.
Therhythmofthepoemisrigidlyregular(iambictetrameter),anditsrhymeschemeisacomplexpatternofinterlockingstanzas(aaba/bbcb/ccdc/dddd).Eachstanzaisacompletesentence,andeachsentencefollowsthestructureofcolloquialEnglish(withthepossibleexceptionoftheinversionofsubjectandobjectinthefirstline).
Thewinterbleaknessofthesetting(the"Frozenlake","thegentlyfalling",the"lovely,darkanddeep"woods)establishesalonelytoneandthesymbolicweightofthisbriefmomentwhenthespeakerisdrawntowhatthewoodsrepresent-death,perhaps,oratleastatemporaryreleasefromlife'swearyingroundofdutiesandobligations.Thespeaker'swearinessiswonderfullyunderscoredby"downyflake",aphrasethatsetsvividlybeforeustheimageofsnowflakewaftingdownward.
----选自《 20世纪英美文学选读-现代主义卷 》
TheRoadNotTaken
byRobertFrost
Tworoadsdivergedinayellowwood,
AndsorryIcouldnottravelboth
Andbeonetraveler,longIstood
AndlookeddownoneasfarasIcould
Towhereitbentintheundergrowth;
Thentooktheother,asjustasfair,
Andhavingperhapsthebetterclaim,
Becauseitwasgrassyandwantedwear;
Thoughasforthatthepassingthere
Hadwornthemreallyaboutthesame,
Andboththatmorningequallylay
Inleavesnostephadtroddenblack.
Oh,Ikeptthefirstforanotherday!
Yetknowinghowwayleadsontoway,
IdoubtedifIshouldevercomeback.
Ishallbetellingthiswithasigh
Somewhereagesandageshence:
Tworoadsdivergedinawood,andI--
Itooktheonelesstraveledby,
Andthathasmadeallthedifference.
comment
ByFrankLentricchia
Self-reliancein"TheRoadNotTaken"isalluringlyembodiedastheoutcomeofastorypresumablyrepresentativeofallstoriesofself-hood,andwhosecentralepisodeisthatmomentoftheturning-pointdecision,thecrisisfromwhichaselfsprings:
acriticaldecisionconsolingly,forFrost'sAmericanreaders,groundedinarationalactwhenaself,andthereforeanentirecourseoflife,areautonomouslyandirreversiblychosen.TheparticularFiresidepoeticstructureinwhichFrostincarnatesthismythofselfhoodistheanalogicallandscapepoem,perhapsmostfamouslyexecutedbyWilliamCullenBryantin"ToaWaterfowl,"apoemthatMatthewArnoldpraisedasthefinestlyricofthenineteenthcenturyandthatFrosthadbyheartasachildthankstohismother'senthusiasm.
Theanalogicallandscapepoemdrawsitsforcefromtheculturallyancientandpervasiveideaofnatureasallegoricalbook,initsAmericanpoeticsettingabookoutofwhichtodrawexplicitlessonsfortheconductoflife(natureasself-helptext).InitsclassicFiresideexpression,thedetailsoflandscapeandallnaturaleventsarecagilysetupformoralsummaryastheyaremarcheduptothepoem'sconclusion,likelittleimagisticlambstoslaughter,fortheirpayoffinupliftingmessage.Frostappearstorecapitulatethetradition'inhissketchingoftheyellowwoodandthetworoadsandinhischannelingofthepoem'scourseofeventsrightuptotheportentouscolon("Somewhereagesandageshence:
")beyondwhichliesthewisdomthatwejotdownandtakehome:
Tworoadsdivergedinawood,andI--
Itooktheonelesstraveledby,
Andthathasmadeallthedifference.
Ifwecouplesuchtradition-boundthematicstructurewithFrost'smoreorlessconventionalhandlingofmetric,stanzaicformandrhymescheme,thenwehavereasonenoughforEllerySedgwick'sacceptanceofthispoemfortheAtlantic:
no"caviartothecrowd"here.
And
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- Robert Lee Frost